go_blog/handlers/security_test.go

package handlers

import (
	"bytes"
	"encoding/json"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"mime/multipart"
	"net/http"
	"net/http/httptest"
	"net/url"
	"os"
	"path/filepath"
	"regexp"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
	"testing"

	"github.com/gin-contrib/sessions"
	"github.com/gin-contrib/sessions/cookie"
	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
	"github.com/glebarez/sqlite"
	"gorm.io/gorm"

	"go_blog/middleware"
	"go_blog/models"
)

// securityTestEnv 搭建与生产中间件链一致的路由器
// （sessions -> CSRF -> 用户上下文），外加待测路由。
type securityTestEnv struct {
	router     *gin.Engine
	db         *gorm.DB
	storageDir string
	limiter    *LoginRateLimiter
}

var csrfTokenRe = regexp.MustCompile(`name="_csrf" value="([^"]+)"`)

func newSecurityTestEnv(t *testing.T) *securityTestEnv {
	t.Helper()
	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)

	db, err := gorm.Open(sqlite.Open(filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "test.db")), &gorm.Config{})
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("open sqlite: %v", err)
	}
	if err := db.AutoMigrate(&models.User{}, &models.Article{}, &models.Attachment{}, &models.SiteSetting{},
		&models.UploadConfig{}, &models.UploadFileType{}, &models.CommentConfig{}, &models.NavLink{},
		&models.DownloadBaseURL{}, &models.Comment{}); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("migrate: %v", err)
	}

	storageDir := t.TempDir()

	// 初始化上传策略，使 ValidateUpload 接受 .txt 文件。
	db.Create(&models.SiteSetting{ID: 1})
	db.Create(&models.CommentConfig{ID: 1, Enabled: true, AllowGuest: true})
	db.Create(&models.UploadConfig{ID: 1, Enabled: true, DefaultMaxSize: 1024 * 1024, StorageDir: "attachments"})
	db.Create(&models.UploadFileType{Extension: ".txt", MimeType: "text/plain", Category: models.CategoryDocument, Enabled: true})
	models.LoadConfigCache(db)

	// 初始化用户。
	mustUser(t, db, "admin", models.RoleAdmin)
	alice := mustUser(t, db, "alice", models.RoleAuthor)
	bob := mustUser(t, db, "bob", models.RoleAuthor)

	// 每位作者初始化一篇文章。
	aliceArt := models.Article{AuthorID: alice.ID, Title: "alice post", Slug: "alice-post", Content: "x", Status: models.ArticlePublished}
	bobArt := models.Article{AuthorID: bob.ID, Title: "bob post", Slug: "bob-post", Content: "x", Status: models.ArticlePublished}
	db.Create(&aliceArt)
	db.Create(&bobArt)

	r := gin.New()
	if err := r.SetTrustedProxies(nil); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("set trusted proxies: %v", err)
	}
	r.LoadHTMLGlob("../templates/**/*.html")
	store := cookie.NewStore([]byte("test-secret"))
	limiter := NewLoginLimiter()
	r.Use(sessions.Sessions("blog_session", store))
	r.Use(middleware.CSRFProtect())
	r.Use(middleware.SetUserContext(db))

	r.GET("/login", LoginPage())
	r.GET("/register", RegisterPage(db))
	r.GET("/rss", RSSFeed(db))

	api := r.Group("/api")
	{
		api.POST("/auth/login", Login(db, limiter))
		api.POST("/auth/logout", Logout())
		api.POST("/auth/register", Register(db))
		api.POST("/article/:slug/comments", PostComment(db))
	}

	protected := r.Group("/my", middleware.AuthRequired(db))
	{
		protected.GET("/whoami", func(c *gin.Context) {
			uid, _ := sessionAuthorID(c)
			c.String(http.StatusOK, "uid=%d", uid)
		})
	}

	myAPI := r.Group("/api/my/articles", middleware.AuthRequired(db))
	{
		myAPI.POST("", MyArticleCreate(db))
		myAPI.PUT("/:id", MyArticleUpdate(db))
		myAPI.DELETE("/:id", MyArticleDelete(db))
		myAPI.POST("/attachments", UploadAttachment(db, storageDir))
		myAPI.DELETE("/attachments/:id", DeleteAttachment(db, storageDir))
		myAPI.GET("/:id/attachments", ListAttachments(db))
	}

	// 个人资料 API（头像上传 XSS 链回归覆盖，#21）。
	profileAPI := r.Group("/api/profile", middleware.AuthRequired(db))
	{
		profileAPI.POST("", UpdateProfile(db, storageDir))
		profileAPI.POST("/avatar", UploadAvatar(db, storageDir))
	}

	// 上传设置 API（危险扩展名黑名单覆盖，#21）。
	adminSettingsAPI := r.Group("/api/admin/settings", middleware.AuthRequired(db), middleware.AdminRequired(db))
	{
		adminSettingsAPI.POST("/upload", UploadSettingsSave(db))
	}

	// 后台用户管理路由（SQL 注入回归覆盖，#19）。
	admin := r.Group("/admin", middleware.AuthRequired(db), middleware.AdminRequired(db))
	{
		admin.GET("/users/:id/edit", UserEditPage(db))
		admin.GET("/comments", CommentListPage(db))
	}

	usersAPI := r.Group("/api/admin/users", middleware.AuthRequired(db), middleware.AdminRequired(db))
	{
		usersAPI.POST("", UserCreate(db))
		usersAPI.PUT("/:id", UserUpdate(db))
		usersAPI.DELETE("/:id", UserDelete(db))
	}

	articleAPI := r.Group("/api/admin/articles", middleware.AuthRequired(db), middleware.AdminRequired(db))
	{
		articleAPI.POST("", ArticleCreate(db, "/admin"))
		articleAPI.PUT("/:id", ArticleUpdate(db, "/admin/articles"))
		articleAPI.DELETE("/:id", ArticleDelete(db, "/admin/articles"))
	}

	return &securityTestEnv{router: r, db: db, storageDir: storageDir, limiter: limiter}
}

func mustUser(t *testing.T, db *gorm.DB, username, role string) models.User {
	t.Helper()
	u := models.User{Username: username, DisplayName: username, Role: role, Status: models.StatusNormal}
	if err := u.SetPassword("pw-" + username); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("set password: %v", err)
	}
	if err := db.Create(&u).Error; err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("create user %s: %v", username, err)
	}
	return u
}

// login 执行完整登录流程（GET 表单获取 CSRF 令牌，再 POST 凭据），
// 返回认证后的会话 Cookie。
func (e *securityTestEnv) login(t *testing.T, username string) string {
	t.Helper()

	// 匿名 GET 获取 CSRF 令牌 + 会话 Cookie。
	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/login", nil)
	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
	e.router.ServeHTTP(w, req)
	if w.Code != http.StatusOK {
		t.Fatalf("GET /login: status = %d", w.Code)
	}
	m := csrfTokenRe.FindStringSubmatch(w.Body.String())
	if m == nil {
		t.Fatal("login page did not render a CSRF token")
	}
	cookie := e.sessionCookie(w)

	// 携带令牌 POST 凭据（JSON API）。
	w = postJSON(e, http.MethodPost, "/api/auth/login", cookie, m[1], gin.H{
		"username": username,
		"password": "pw-" + username,
	})
	if w.Code != http.StatusOK {
		t.Fatalf("POST /api/auth/login (%s): status = %d, body %s", username, w.Code, w.Body.String())
	}
	authCookie := e.sessionCookie(w)
	if authCookie == "" {
		t.Fatal("login did not set a session cookie")
	}
	return authCookie
}

// sessionCookie 从记录器中提取 blog_session Cookie。当存在多个 Set-Cookie
// 头时（例如中间件和处理器都保存了会话），最后一个才是生效值——
// 浏览器按顺序应用它们。
func (e *securityTestEnv) sessionCookie(w *httptest.ResponseRecorder) string {
	cookie := ""
	for _, c := range w.Result().Cookies() {
		if c.Name == "blog_session" {
			cookie = c.Name + "=" + c.Value
		}
	}
	return cookie
}

func (e *securityTestEnv) do(method, path, cookie string, body io.Reader, contentType string) *httptest.ResponseRecorder {
	req := httptest.NewRequest(method, path, body)
	if contentType != "" {
		req.Header.Set("Content-Type", contentType)
	}
	if cookie != "" {
		req.Header.Set("Cookie", cookie)
	}
	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
	e.router.ServeHTTP(w, req)
	return w
}

// postJSON 是 JSON 请求小助手，以 X-CSRF-Token 请求头发送令牌（AJAX 模式）。
func postJSON(e *securityTestEnv, method, path, cookie, csrfToken string, body interface{}) *httptest.ResponseRecorder {
	var buf bytes.Buffer
	if err := json.NewEncoder(&buf).Encode(body); err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}
	req := httptest.NewRequest(method, path, &buf)
	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
	if csrfToken != "" {
		req.Header.Set("X-CSRF-Token", csrfToken)
	}
	if cookie != "" {
		req.Header.Set("Cookie", cookie)
	}
	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
	e.router.ServeHTTP(w, req)
	return w
}

// respCode 从 JSON 错误响应中提取 code 字段。
func respCode(w *httptest.ResponseRecorder) string {
	var r struct {
		Code string `json:"code"`
	}
	_ = json.Unmarshal(w.Body.Bytes(), &r)
	return r.Code
}

// respRedirect 从 JSON 成功响应中提取 redirect 字段。
func respRedirect(w *httptest.ResponseRecorder) string {
	var r struct {
		Redirect string `json:"redirect"`
	}
	_ = json.Unmarshal(w.Body.Bytes(), &r)
	return r.Redirect
}

// respOK 报告 JSON 响应是否成功（ok=true）。
func respOK(w *httptest.ResponseRecorder) bool {
	var r struct {
		OK bool `json:"ok"`
	}
	_ = json.Unmarshal(w.Body.Bytes(), &r)
	return r.OK
}

func (e *securityTestEnv) upload(t *testing.T, cookie, csrfToken, articleID string) *httptest.ResponseRecorder {
	t.Helper()
	var buf strings.Builder
	mw := multipart.NewWriter(&buf)
	if articleID != "" {
		mw.WriteField("article_id", articleID)
	} else {
		mw.WriteField("session_token", "test-pending-token")
	}
	fw, _ := mw.CreateFormFile("file", "hello.txt")
	fw.Write([]byte("hello world"))
	mw.Close()
	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/api/my/articles/attachments", strings.NewReader(buf.String()))
	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", mw.FormDataContentType())
	req.Header.Set("X-CSRF-Token", csrfToken)
	if cookie != "" {
		req.Header.Set("Cookie", cookie)
	}
	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
	e.router.ServeHTTP(w, req)
	return w
}

// deleteAttachment 以 DELETE + CSRF 头删除附件。
func (e *securityTestEnv) deleteAttachment(t *testing.T, cookie, csrfToken string, id uint) *httptest.ResponseRecorder {
	t.Helper()
	return postJSON(e, http.MethodDelete, fmt.Sprintf("/api/my/articles/attachments/%d", id), cookie, csrfToken, nil)
}

// csrfTokenFor 为已认证会话获取一个全新的 CSRF 令牌。
func (e *securityTestEnv) csrfTokenFor(t *testing.T, cookie string) string {
	t.Helper()
	w := e.do(http.MethodGet, "/login", cookie, nil, "")
	if w.Code != http.StatusOK {
		t.Fatalf("GET /login: status = %d", w.Code)
	}
	return e.csrfTokenFrom(t, w)
}

// anonSession 获取匿名会话 Cookie（GET /login）。
func (e *securityTestEnv) anonSession() (string, *httptest.ResponseRecorder) {
	w := e.do(http.MethodGet, "/login", "", nil, "")
	return e.sessionCookie(w), w
}

// csrfTokenFrom 从 GET /login 响应体解析 CSRF 令牌。
func (e *securityTestEnv) csrfTokenFrom(t *testing.T, w *httptest.ResponseRecorder) string {
	t.Helper()
	m := csrfTokenRe.FindStringSubmatch(w.Body.String())
	if m == nil {
		t.Fatal("login page did not render a CSRF token")
	}
	return m[1]
}

// loginRequest 以 JSON 方式以给定凭据提交登录，返回响应。
func (e *securityTestEnv) loginRequest(t *testing.T, username, password string) *httptest.ResponseRecorder {
	t.Helper()
	anonCookie, w := e.anonSession()
	token := e.csrfTokenFrom(t, w)
	return postJSON(e, http.MethodPost, "/api/auth/login", anonCookie, token,
		gin.H{"username": username, "password": password})
}

// itoa 将 uint 转为十进制字符串（测试辅助）。
func itoa(v uint) string {
	return strconv.FormatUint(uint64(v), 10)
}

func TestLoginRotatesSession(t *testing.T) {
	e := newSecurityTestEnv(t)

	// 获取匿名会话（登录前的 Cookie）。
	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/login", nil)
	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
	e.router.ServeHTTP(w, req)
	preLoginCookie := e.sessionCookie(w)
	if preLoginCookie == "" {
		t.Fatal("expected anonymous session cookie")
	}

	authCookie := e.login(t, "alice")
	if authCookie == preLoginCookie {
		t.Fatal("session cookie was not rotated on login (fixation risk)")
	}

	// 认证会话可正常工作。
	w = e.do(http.MethodGet, "/my/whoami", authCookie, nil, "")
	if w.Code != http.StatusOK || !strings.Contains(w.Body.String(), "uid=") {
		t.Fatalf("authenticated request failed: status=%d body=%s", w.Code, w.Body.String())
	}

	// 旧的（被固定的）会话不得携带登录状态。
	w = e.do(http.MethodGet, "/my/whoami", preLoginCookie, nil, "")
	if w.Code != http.StatusFound {
		t.Fatalf("pre-login session still authenticated after login: status=%d", w.Code)
	}
}

func TestAttachmentListRequiresOwnership(t *testing.T) {
	e := newSecurityTestEnv(t)
	var aliceArt, bobArt models.Article
	e.db.Where("slug = ?", "alice-post").First(&aliceArt)
	e.db.Where("slug = ?", "bob-post").First(&bobArt)

	alice := e.login(t, "alice")

	// 自己的文章：允许。
	w := e.do(http.MethodGet, fmt.Sprintf("/api/my/articles/%d/attachments", aliceArt.ID), alice, nil, "")
	if w.Code != http.StatusOK {
		t.Fatalf("list own attachments: status = %d, want 200", w.Code)
	}

	// 他人的文章：禁止。
	w = e.do(http.MethodGet, fmt.Sprintf("/api/my/articles/%d/attachments", bobArt.ID), alice, nil, "")
	if w.Code != http.StatusForbidden {
		t.Fatalf("list other user's attachments: status = %d, want 403", w.Code)
	}
}

func TestAttachmentUploadRequiresOwnership(t *testing.T) {
	e := newSecurityTestEnv(t)
	var bobArt models.Article
	e.db.Where("slug = ?", "bob-post").First(&bobArt)

	alice := e.login(t, "alice")
	token := e.csrfTokenFor(t, alice)

	// 上传待绑定附件（article_id=0 + 会话令牌）：允许。
	w := e.upload(t, alice, token, "")
	if w.Code != http.StatusOK {
		t.Fatalf("pending upload: status = %d, body %s", w.Code, w.Body.String())
	}

	// 上传到他人文章：禁止。
	w = e.upload(t, alice, token, fmt.Sprint(bobArt.ID))
	if w.Code != http.StatusForbidden {
		t.Fatalf("upload to other user's article: status = %d, want 403", w.Code)
	}
}

func TestAttachmentDeleteRequiresOwnership(t *testing.T) {
	e := newSecurityTestEnv(t)
	var aliceArt, bobArt models.Article
	e.db.Where("slug = ?", "alice-post").First(&aliceArt)
	e.db.Where("slug = ?", "bob-post").First(&bobArt)

	alice := e.login(t, "alice")
	token := e.csrfTokenFor(t, alice)

	// Alice 上传附件到自己的文章。
	w := e.upload(t, alice, token, fmt.Sprint(aliceArt.ID))
	if w.Code != http.StatusOK {
		t.Fatalf("upload: status = %d, body %s", w.Code, w.Body.String())
	}

	// Bob 上传附件到自己的文章。
	bob := e.login(t, "bob")
	bobToken := e.csrfTokenFor(t, bob)
	w = e.upload(t, bob, bobToken, fmt.Sprint(bobArt.ID))
	if w.Code != http.StatusOK {
		t.Fatalf("upload (bob): status = %d, body %s", w.Code, w.Body.String())
	}

	var bobAtt models.Attachment
	if err := e.db.Where("uploader_id = ?", userIDByUsername(t, e.db, "bob")).First(&bobAtt).Error; err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("bob attachment not found: %v", err)
	}

	// Alice 不能删除 Bob 的附件。
	w = e.deleteAttachment(t, alice, token, bobAtt.ID)
	if w.Code != http.StatusForbidden {
		t.Fatalf("delete other user's attachment: status = %d, want 403", w.Code)
	}

	// Bob 可以删除自己的附件。
	w = e.deleteAttachment(t, bob, bobToken, bobAtt.ID)
	if w.Code != http.StatusOK {
		t.Fatalf("delete own attachment: status = %d, want 200 (body %s)", w.Code, w.Body.String())
	}

	// Bob 的附件记录应该已删除。
	var count int64
	e.db.Model(&models.Attachment{}).Where("id = ?", bobAtt.ID).Count(&count)
	if count != 0 {
		t.Fatal("attachment was not deleted")
	}
}

func TestAttachmentCSRFEnforced(t *testing.T) {
	e := newSecurityTestEnv(t)
	alice := e.login(t, "alice")

	// 未携带 CSRF 令牌的 POST 必须在到达处理器前被拒绝。
	var buf strings.Builder
	mw := multipart.NewWriter(&buf)
	fw, _ := mw.CreateFormFile("file", "hello.txt")
	fw.Write([]byte("hello"))
	mw.Close()
	w := e.do(http.MethodPost, "/api/my/articles/attachments", alice, strings.NewReader(buf.String()), mw.FormDataContentType())
	if w.Code != http.StatusForbidden {
		t.Fatalf("upload without CSRF token: status = %d, want 403", w.Code)
	}
}

func TestAttachmentAdminOverride(t *testing.T) {
	e := newSecurityTestEnv(t)
	var bobArt models.Article
	e.db.Where("slug = ?", "bob-post").First(&bobArt)

	admin := e.login(t, "admin")
	token := e.csrfTokenFor(t, admin)

	// 管理员可以列出和上传到任意文章。
	w := e.do(http.MethodGet, fmt.Sprintf("/api/my/articles/%d/attachments", bobArt.ID), admin, nil, "")
	if w.Code != http.StatusOK {
		t.Fatalf("admin list: status = %d, want 200", w.Code)
	}
	w = e.upload(t, admin, token, fmt.Sprint(bobArt.ID))
	if w.Code != http.StatusOK {
		t.Fatalf("admin upload: status = %d, want 200 (body %s)", w.Code, w.Body.String())
	}

	// 清理测试期间创建的文件（尽力而为）。
	entries, _ := os.ReadDir(filepath.Join(e.storageDir, "attachments"))
	for _, ent := range entries {
		os.Remove(filepath.Join(e.storageDir, "attachments", ent.Name()))
	}
}

func TestAdminUserRoutesRejectNonNumericIDs(t *testing.T) {
	e := newSecurityTestEnv(t)
	admin := e.login(t, "admin")
	token := e.csrfTokenFor(t, admin)

	var alice models.User
	if err := e.db.Where("username = ?", "alice").First(&alice).Error; err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("alice not found: %v", err)
	}

	// 恶意的 :id 值。在 #19 修复前，GORM 会把非数值的单一字符串条件
	// 原样插值进 WHERE 子句（例如 WHERE 1 OR 1=1）。
	ids := []string{
		"1 OR 1=1",
		"1;--",
		"1) OR (1=1",
		"1 UNION SELECT 1",
		"alice",
	}

	for _, id := range ids {
		// GET 编辑页必须重定向而非渲染匹配到的行。
		w := e.do(http.MethodGet, "/admin/users/"+url.PathEscape(id)+"/edit", admin, nil, "")
		if w.Code != http.StatusFound {
			t.Fatalf("GET edit with id %q: status = %d, want 302", id, w.Code)
		}
		if loc := w.Header().Get("Location"); loc != "/admin/users" {
			t.Fatalf("GET edit with id %q: location = %q, want /admin/users", id, loc)
		}

		// PUT 更新不得修改任何内容（尝试提权）。
		w = postJSON(e, http.MethodPut, "/api/admin/users/"+url.PathEscape(id), admin, token,
			gin.H{"role": models.RoleAdmin, "status": 1, "display_name": "hacked"})
		if w.Code != http.StatusBadRequest || respCode(w) != "api_invalid_request" {
			t.Fatalf("PUT edit with id %q: status = %d, code = %q", id, w.Code, respCode(w))
		}

		// DELETE 删除不得删除任何内容。
		w = postJSON(e, http.MethodDelete, "/api/admin/users/"+url.PathEscape(id), admin, token, nil)
		if w.Code != http.StatusBadRequest || respCode(w) != "api_invalid_request" {
			t.Fatalf("DELETE user with id %q: status = %d, code = %q", id, w.Code, respCode(w))
		}
	}

	// 任何载荷都不应修改或删除用户。
	var count int64
	e.db.Model(&models.User{}).Count(&count)
	if count != 3 {
		t.Fatalf("user count = %d, want 3 (injection removed rows)", count)
	}
	var check models.User
	if err := e.db.Where("username = ?", "alice").First(&check).Error; err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("alice gone: %v", err)
	}
	if check.Role != models.RoleAuthor || check.DisplayName != "alice" {
		t.Fatalf("alice modified via id injection: role=%q display=%q", check.Role, check.DisplayName)
	}

	// 健全性检查：合法的数值 id 仍然有效。
	w := e.do(http.MethodGet, fmt.Sprintf("/admin/users/%d/edit", alice.ID), admin, nil, "")
	if w.Code != http.StatusOK {
		t.Fatalf("GET edit with valid id: status = %d, want 200", w.Code)
	}
}

func userIDByUsername(t *testing.T, db *gorm.DB, username string) uint {
	t.Helper()
	var u models.User
	if err := db.Where("username = ?", username).First(&u).Error; err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("user %s not found: %v", username, err)
	}
	return u.ID
}