diff --git a/.agents/notes/implemented/architecture/2026-06-21-bounded-llm-request-recovery.md b/.agents/notes/implemented/architecture/2026-06-21-bounded-llm-request-recovery.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..28de5eb97c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.agents/notes/implemented/architecture/2026-06-21-bounded-llm-request-recovery.md
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+# Agent Note: Bounded recovery for transient LLM request failures
+
+Status: implemented
+
+## Problem
+
+`dsh-llm` can report provider failures either by throwing during adapter dispatch or iteration or by ending with `finish { kind: 'error' | 'aborted' }`. The final adapter boundary tags thrown failures so `dsh-agent-loop` can distinguish them from middleware and result-processing defects, and the loop normalizes both delivery forms into `agent/request-error` after closing the failed step. The default decision is `fail`; `dsh-compact-basic` is the only shipped recovery listener, and it retries a canonical context-window overflow only after compaction proves that the durable surface shrank.
+
+That boundary is already safe for another request attempt. Raw `assistant/chunk` events carry the failed `turn` and `step`, message derivation ignores them unless a successful `assistant/message` cites them, tool calls are dispatched only after a successful terminal finish and assembly, and a retry opens a new numbered step from the durable log. The harness therefore does not need a second response lifecycle or tentative-output protocol to keep two attempts separate.
+
+The prior boundary left three narrower gaps.
+
+- Provider failures retain only a message and usually a code. HTTP status, retry delay, and provider request id are discarded or recoverable only through provider-specific error objects, so generic recovery cannot make or explain a decision without parsing text.
+- Retry ownership differs by adapter. The hand-written DeepSeek adapter makes one attempt, while pi-ai profiles can enable opaque library retries. Combining hidden transport retries with an `agent/request-error` listener would multiply attempts and omit intermediate failures from the session log.
+- A recovered failure has no durable status fact. The failed step and chunks remain reconstructable, but an observer cannot tell whether the agent is deliberately backing off, for how long, or why. A long silent wait looks like a stalled loop.
+
+The goal is bounded recovery from transient failures of the same explicit provider/model request. Provider or model failover, response splicing, and semantic output repair are different problems and have no current consumer.
+
+## Decision
+
+### Preserve failure facts without embedding policy
+
+`@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm` exports one JSON-serializable `LlmFailure` payload:
+
+```ts ignore-check
+type ProviderRequestId = Branded<'ProviderRequestId'>
+
+interface LlmFailure {
+  message: string
+  code: string
+  status?: number
+  providerRetryAfterMs?: number
+  requestId?: ProviderRequestId
+}
+```
+
+`code` remains the provider-neutral machine-routing taxonomy established by `HarnessError`; the new fields are observations from the provider boundary. `ProviderRequestId` is owned and constructed by `dsh-llm`, then serializes as its provider-issued string. The payload deliberately has no `retryable`, `failover`, `partialOutput`, provider, model, phase, or route id fields. Retryability belongs to policy, provider/model are already in the durable request header, and partial output is derived from the failed step's `assistant/chunk` events.
+
+`LlmError` carries `failure: LlmFailure` and preserves `failure.code === error.code`. `FinishReasonMap.error` and `FinishReasonMap.aborted` carry the same payload instead of parallel failure shapes. An adapter-thrown `Error` keeps its exact object identity: the final-adapter scope associates the normalized facts with that object in call-local sidecar state and rethrows it unchanged; a non-`Error` throw is wrapped as today. `llmFailureOf(stream, error)` retrieves those facts alongside the existing provenance check, while an in-band finish without an error object becomes a new `LlmError`. This preserves listeners that key on error type or identity while giving all final-adapter failures, including unknown SDK exceptions, an `UNKNOWN` terminal payload.
+
+The agent loop keeps `RequestError` as that exact error object and passes `LlmFailure` as a separate argument to `agent/request-error`; it does not mutate possibly frozen third-party errors. It also uses the payload when converting an in-band finish and when recording an unrecovered `turn/end.reason`.
+
+Adapters extract structured facts before falling back to message inspection. They validate HTTP status, parse `Retry-After` seconds or dates into a positive finite millisecond delay, brand the provider request id when exposed, and distinguish their own timeout from the caller's abort. Provider-specific codes and messages may refine a mapping, but no recovery listener parses them.
+
+The initial shared transient-code set is intentionally small: the adapters' existing `RATE_LIMIT` and `SERVER` mappings plus explicit `TIMEOUT` and `TRANSPORT` codes for the two missing remote-failure families. Authentication, quota, invalid request, context overflow, protocol, abort, and unknown failures keep distinct stable codes and are not transient by default. Adding a code requires adapter fixtures and a documented policy decision; it does not require expanding a second failure-class enum.
+
+### Put retry policy on the existing failed-step seam
+
+`@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm-retry` is a function plugin that listens to `agent/request-error`. It introduces no service or new loop branch; the agent-loop package changes only the data carried through its existing failed-step recovery control flow.
+
+The `agent/request-error` seam carries the current `LlmFailure` and an immutable list of prior failures that led to another request attempt in this consecutive recovery sequence. `dsh-llm-retry` counts only prior failures whose codes are in its configured transient set, while `dsh-compact-basic` counts only prior context-overflow failures. A successful model request clears the history. Alternating transient and context-overflow failures therefore consume their owning policy budgets independently; the maximum request count is one plus the sum of the finite budgets of the loaded recovery policies.
+
+The plugin resolves and validates this deployment configuration at load:
+
+```ts ignore-check
+interface Config {
+  maxTransientRetries?: number
+  initialDelayMs?: number
+  maxDelayMs?: number
+  jitterRatio?: number
+  retryableCodes?: string[]
+}
+```
+
+The defaults are two transient retries, a 500 millisecond initial delay, a 10 second delay cap, 10 percent jitter, and the four transient codes above. The count and delay bounds match the conservative edge of the inspected implementations: [OpenCode uses two request retries with 500 ms/10 s bounds](https://github.com/anomalyco/opencode/blob/9976269ab1accfc9f9dc98a4a688c516934de422/%70ackages/llm/src/route/executor.ts#L36-L39), [Pi separates three agent-level retries from provider retries and defaults provider retries to zero](https://github.com/earendil-works/pi/blob/3da591ab74ab9ab407e72ed882600b2c851fae21/%70ackages/coding-agent/docs/settings.md#L139-L147), and [Codex uses finite request/stream budgets plus a five-minute idle timeout](https://github.com/openai/codex/blob/0fb559f0f6e231a88ac02ea002d3ecd248e2b515/codex-rs/model-provider-info/src/lib.rs#L25-L33). Ten percent follows [Codex's bounded jitter](https://github.com/openai/codex/blob/0fb559f0f6e231a88ac02ea002d3ecd248e2b515/codex-rs/codex-client/src/retry.rs#L40-L47). Two retries mean at most three provider requests when no other recovery policy applies. `maxTransientRetries` is a non-negative integer, delays are positive finite numbers with `initialDelayMs <= maxDelayMs`, `jitterRatio` is in `[0, 1]`, and codes are non-empty and unique. These are Cordis config fields rather than hidden constants so deployments can choose different cost and latency budgets.
+
+For an eligible failure with budget remaining, the one-based transient retry count uses bounded exponential backoff. A valid `providerRetryAfterMs` replaces exponential backoff only when it does not exceed `maxDelayMs`; a longer provider delay causes delegation instead of an earlier retry that violates the provider instruction. Local backoff multiplies by an injected random factor in `[1 - jitterRatio, 1 + jitterRatio]` and clamps the final value to `maxDelayMs`; provider delay is not jittered.
+
+The plugin owns a lifetime `AbortController` and tracks every active backoff callback. Each wait fuses the waterfall's turn signal with that lifetime signal. Effect cleanup first unregisters the listener, then aborts and awaits the active callbacks; a captured callback whose lifetime signal aborts returns `fail` and can neither retry nor enter the rest of its captured waterfall after disposal. This makes HMR disposal quiescent even though Cordis has already captured the listener.
+
+Before sleeping, `dsh-llm-retry` appends one non-surface `llm/retry` session event containing the turn, failed step, one-based transient retry number, configured maximum, scheduled delay, and `LlmFailure`. The plugin owns the `SessionEventMap` augmentation; `dsh-session` remains generic persistence and does not absorb the optional policy's vocabulary. The event says what was scheduled, not that the next request completed; cancellation during the delay is subsequently visible on `turn/end`. The event ships only with a production renderer and replay/snapshot coverage, because its purpose is operational state rather than trace collection.
+
+The listener calls `next()` for a non-transient code, an exhausted policy budget, or an over-cap provider delay. This preserves composition with context-overflow recovery and later policy plugins. It returns `{ action: 'retry' }` only after the delay completes under both signals; turn cancellation and plugin disposal return `fail`, after which the loop's cancellation/disposal checks remain authoritative.
+
+The agent-spine demo bundle loads the plugin so the shared stdio/TUI, one-shot CLI, and ACP example compositions use the same bounded policy. Library consumers retain explicit plugin composition: omitting the plugin leaves `agent/request-error` at its current fail default.
+
+### Make one layer own visible attempts
+
+Adapters perform one provider request per `stream()` call. The pi-ai adapter removes public `maxRetries` and `maxRetryDelayMs` profile fields and disables library retries; the hand-written adapter keeps its current single-attempt behavior. This prevents an SDK budget from multiplying the agent budget and ensures every transient retry is represented by a closed failed step plus `llm/retry`.
+
+`ctx.llm.stream()` remains the raw one-attempt waterfall. Direct callers such as compaction summarization receive the structured failure but do not gain automatic retry, because they have no agent step boundary or general durable place to separate attempts. A future direct-call consumer may justify a buffering helper that retries only before emitting a chunk; this decision adds no such helper.
+
+### Bound stalled streams where they can be stopped
+
+Each adapter exposes a validated `streamIdleTimeoutMs` configuration field with the five-minute prior-art default cited above. The interval is capped at Node's maximum timer delay so it cannot be clamped to one millisecond. It covers each outstanding iterator `next()` from demand to the next valid `StreamChunk`; time a consumer spends between `next()` calls is not provider idle time.
+
+`@deepseek-ai/dsh-timeout` exposes a rearmable idle-watchdog primitive. One stable local `AbortController` is fused with the caller signal and passed to the transport for the whole adapter call; each outstanding `next()` arms the watchdog, resolution disarms it, and the next demand rearms it. Timeout aborts that stable controller with a capability-owned `TimeoutReason`, and `finally` clears the timer. The adapter classifies its watchdog as `TIMEOUT` and an earlier upstream abort as `ABORTED`. The existing one-shot `deadline()` is not presented as a sliding timer.
+
+Boundary tests prove termination at both actual transports. The hand-written adapter aborts its fetch/reader, and the pi-ai adapter maps the stable signal through the SDK and proves the SDK closes the response. A timer that merely rejects a consumer promise while leaving the request running does not satisfy the contract.
+
+### Keep attempts separate in the existing log
+
+A failed attempt may leave `assistant/chunk` events in its closed step, but it never appends `assistant/message` and never dispatches a tool. A retry opens the next numbered step, reconstructs the request from the durable surface, and produces its own chunks. UIs may render live chunks while a step is open, then mark or clear that transient view when `llm/retry` identifies the failed step or `turn/end` records terminal failure; message derivation continues to ignore the failed chunks.
+
+If recovery is exhausted, the final failure is stored once on `turn/end.reason` with the structured facts. If transient recovery continues, `llm/retry` is the durable home for that attempt's failure and delay. No standalone final-error event or response-id vocabulary is added.
+
+## Out of scope
+
+- Automatic provider or model failover. Requests already select one explicit provider and model, and the provider registry deliberately has one adapter owner per provider.
+- Retrying or continuing after a successful terminal finish, or splicing chunks from two attempts into one assistant message.
+- Repairing malformed tool arguments, refusals, content filters, or other semantic model output.
+- Unbounded retries, unattended retry-until-cancelled behavior, circuit breakers, shared provider health, or cross-agent retry budgets.
+- Changing `llm/stream` into a response lifecycle or adding convenience generation APIs without a production consumer.
+
+## Alternatives considered
+
+- **Retry inside `llm/stream` or the provider SDK** — rejected because a raw stream has no durable attempt boundary after emitting chunks, hidden SDK retries multiply budgets, and neither path can record each failed attempt consistently.
+- **Add response start, interrupted, discarded, failed, and committed events to `dsh-llm`** — rejected because the agent log already separates raw chunks, successful messages, and numbered attempts. A second state machine would duplicate ownership without enabling the bounded same-route retry.
+- **Add logical routes, capability matrices, and failover selection** — rejected because current requests already name provider and model explicitly, one adapter owns each provider, and no current consumer requires automatic fallback or can prove semantic compatibility.
+- **Put `retryable` or `failover` on `LlmFailure`** — rejected because adapters report facts while deployment policy decides action. The same 429 may be retried in an interactive bundle and rejected in a cost-capped batch.
+- **Retry forever while the caller remains active** — rejected because it gives one request unbounded cost and latency. Visible status makes bounded waiting understandable; it does not make an unlimited budget safe.
+- **Log retry status only through the process logger** — rejected because process logs do not reconstruct session behavior and cannot drive replayed UI state.
+- **Keep only flat codes** — rejected because retry delay and provider request id are structured provider facts, and HTTP status is necessary for diagnosis when different wire failures share one stable code.
+
+## Verification
+
+- `LlmFailure` is the single serializable payload for thrown, error-finish, and aborted-finish final-adapter failures; normalization preserves stable code, status, retry delay, branded provider request id, error cause, and caller-abort versus adapter-timeout classification where available.
+- An adapter-thrown `Error` reaches `agent/request-error` as the exact same object while its sidecar `LlmFailure` reaches the adjacent argument; tests retain the existing identity assertion for extensible and frozen third-party errors.
+- DeepSeek and pi-ai adapter tests cover representative 400, 401/403, 429, 5xx, connection, malformed/truncated stream, timeout, abort, retry-after seconds/date, request-id, and unknown-SDK-error paths without recovery policy parsing message text.
+- Pi-ai pins the SDK option to zero retries and performs one observed wire attempt for a retryable provider response; separate tests make removing either boundary fail.
+- `agent/request-error` carries current failure facts plus immutable prior-retried failure facts; a success clears that history, and alternating transient/context-overflow integration tests prove the two policies consume only their own finite budgets.
+- `dsh-llm-retry` validates every config field at Loader startup, delegates all ineligible paths with `next()`, and makes at most `maxTransientRetries + 1` provider requests when no other policy applies.
+- HMR-during-backoff tests prove disposal unregisters the listener, aborts and awaits its captured callbacks, emits no retry decision after disposal, and leaves no timer or promise alive.
+- Pure unit tests cover transient-code selection, exponential backoff and jitter bounds, valid and over-cap `Retry-After`, exhausted budgets, deterministic timer/random seams, and abort during backoff.
+- Real agent-loop tests cover failure before chunks, partial chunks then failure, thrown and in-band failures, retry to success in a new step, exhaustion to structured `turn/end.reason`, and composition with `dsh-compact-basic` context-overflow recovery.
+- The partial-chunk integration test proves failed chunks remain attributed to the failed step, no assistant message or tool side effect is committed for that step, and the successful retry has distinct provenance.
+- The plugin-owned `llm/retry` event is non-surface, survives JSONL and SQLite round trips, is ignored by message derivation, and drives TUI retraction plus durable discarded-attempt markers in append-only ACP and stdio streams. Keyless snapshots cover scheduling, cancellation, success, and exhaustion.
+- Idle-watchdog tests prove the stable signal is rearmed only while `next()` is outstanding, disarmed during consumer think time and in `finally`, and classified separately from a total-call deadline and an earlier caller abort; adapter tests prove the signal stops the underlying request rather than merely detaching it.
+- Direct `ctx.llm.stream()` callers remain single-attempt and receive the same structured failure facts.
+
+## Consequences
+
+- Every transient recovery attempt is visible as a closed step plus `llm/retry`, and the bounded policy prevents hidden SDK retries from multiplying cost. A retry can still duplicate provider billing even when no chunk arrived; the finite attempt budget limits but cannot remove that risk.
+- Provider SDKs may hide status or retry headers. Those adapters retain the stable facts they expose and otherwise use a coarse code rather than letting recovery policy parse fragile text.
+- Durable retry events expand the session protocol and UI state machine. Shipping the event and its consumer together prevents an unused telemetry vocabulary, but later schema changes still require persistence and replay work.
+- Clearing a failed step's live chunks can visibly retract output. That is preferable to presenting discarded text or partial tool JSON as committed history, and snapshots pin the transition.
+- Adapter-local idle enforcement stops stalled transports without counting consumer think time. Contract tests at each transport boundary guard against SDK drift.
+- Multiple recovery plugins add their finite budgets. Their classifiers remain disjoint here; an overlapping classifier would be registration-order policy and must be documented and tested by the plugins that introduce it.
+
+## Related
+
+- [Structured error taxonomy](../../implemented/architecture/2026-06-11-structured-error-taxonomy.md) owns stable machine-routable codes and cause chaining.
+- [Reconstructable requests](../../implemented/architecture/2026-07-05-reconstructable-requests.md) makes provider/model and complete request inputs durable before dispatch.
+- [Timeout deadline library](../../implemented/architecture/2026-07-06-timeout-deadline-library.md) separates shared deadline classification from capability-owned termination.
+- [After-call compaction pressure and context-overflow recovery](../../implemented/architecture/2026-07-10-after-call-compaction-pressure-and-overflow-recovery.md) owns the current closed-step request-recovery seam and bounded overflow retry.
+- [Provider-routed LLM adapters](../../implemented/architecture/2026-07-14-provider-routed-llm-adapters.md) owns explicit provider/model routing and the one-adapter-per-provider invariant.
diff --git a/.agents/notes/implemented/architecture/2026-07-06-timeout-deadline-library.md b/.agents/notes/implemented/architecture/2026-07-06-timeout-deadline-library.md
index 335581ecff..1c407d777d 100644
--- a/.agents/notes/implemented/architecture/2026-07-06-timeout-deadline-library.md
+++ b/.agents/notes/implemented/architecture/2026-07-06-timeout-deadline-library.md
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ Each new external-process or network tool re-derived the same four things — cl
 
 ### The library surface
 
-Three functions plus one reason type:
+Four functions, one watchdog interface, and one reason type:
 
 ```ts ignore-check
 /** The internal reason attached to a timeout abort, so consumers can classify it after the fact. */
@@ -51,19 +51,34 @@ export function deadline(
   code: string,
 ): { signal: AbortSignal; [Symbol.dispose](): void }
 
+/** A stable signal plus one-at-a-time, timer-guarded async-iterator demand. */
+export interface IdleWatchdog {
+  readonly signal: AbortSignal
+  next<T>(iterator: AsyncIterator<T>): Promise<IteratorResult<T>>
+  [Symbol.dispose](): void
+}
+
+/** Arm only while one iterator `next()` is outstanding, then rearm on later demand. */
+export function idleWatchdog(
+  upstream: AbortSignal | undefined,
+  timeoutMs: number,
+  code: string,
+): IdleWatchdog
+
 /** Recover the TimeoutReason from an aborted signal (or error); `code` scopes the match to this deadline's timer. */
 export function timeoutOf(x: AbortSignal | { reason?: unknown }, code?: string): TimeoutReason | undefined
 ```
 
-`deadline` fuses an upstream signal with a timer through `AbortSignal.any`, adds a typed `TimeoutReason`, and exposes disposable timer cleanup. Non-positive timeouts are an internal no-timeout sentinel for backend-owned background work; external hints pass through `clampTimeout` and must be positive and finite. Without a timer or upstream signal, the function returns a never-aborting signal with the same disposal shape. Providers translate timeout reasons into seam-specific results. `timeoutOf(signal, code)` scopes classification so an outer nested deadline is treated as upstream cancellation rather than the inner capability's timeout.
+`deadline` fuses an upstream signal with a one-shot timer through `AbortSignal.any`, adds a typed `TimeoutReason`, and exposes disposable timer cleanup. Non-positive timeouts are an internal no-timeout sentinel for backend-owned background work; external hints pass through `clampTimeout` and must be positive and finite. Without a timer or upstream signal, the function returns a never-aborting signal with the same disposal shape. `idleWatchdog` instead requires a positive finite interval, keeps one stable fused signal for the entire stream, and arms its timer only while one iterator `next()` is outstanding; resolution disarms it, later demand rearms it, concurrent demand fails, and disposal clears the active arm. Providers translate timeout reasons into seam-specific results. `timeoutOf(signal, code)` scopes classification so an outer nested deadline is treated as upstream cancellation rather than the inner capability's timeout.
 
 ### The division of labor
 
 | Concern | Owner |
 |---|---|
 | Validate request hint and clamp default/max | `dsh-timeout` (`clampTimeout`) — pure arithmetic plus the shared positive-finite request contract |
-| Arm timer, abort on deadline, carry reason, fuse with upstream cancel | `dsh-timeout` (`deadline`) |
-| Clear the timer | `dsh-timeout` (`[Symbol.dispose]`) |
+| Arm one-shot timer, abort on deadline, carry reason, fuse with upstream cancel | `dsh-timeout` (`deadline`) |
+| Arm and rearm only around outstanding iterator demand | `dsh-timeout` (`idleWatchdog`) |
+| Clear the timer | `dsh-timeout` (`[Symbol.dispose]` on either primitive) |
 | Classify the first abort reason after abort | `dsh-timeout` (`timeoutOf`) |
 | **Actually terminate the work** | the capability's implementation |
 | The default/max *values* | the capability's config |
@@ -75,6 +90,7 @@ The signal only *notifies*; termination is always the listener's job, and the li
 
 - **web_fetch** — the tool stays validate-and-forward; the provider's hand-rolled controller + `setTimeout` + manual listener + `finally` + `signal.reason` recovery is replaced by provider-owned `deadline`/`timeoutOf`. A pre-aborted upstream signal still throws `WEB_ABORTED` up front; otherwise `fetch` runs against the fused `d.signal`, and `translateAbortOrNetwork` classifies a thrown error by the signal (`timeoutOf` → `WEB_FETCH_TIMEOUT`, else aborted → `WEB_ABORTED`, else network → `WEB_PROVIDER_ERROR`). The public error-code contract is unchanged, and `TimeoutReason` never crosses the web seam as the public error.
 - **bash** — `resolve()` clamps the request into an explicit spec. Foreground `run()` creates the deadline and passes its signal to process execution, whose existing abort listener performs the process-group kill. The executor classifies the first abort as timeout or cancellation. Background starts remain timeout-free and forward only upstream cancellation.
+- **LLM adapters** — `dsh-llm-deepseek` and `dsh-llm-pi-ai` wrap actual transport iteration with `idleWatchdog`. The five-minute configured interval covers only outstanding provider demand, not time the downstream consumer spends between chunks. The stable signal reaches `fetch` or the SDK for the whole call, so timeout closes the underlying request and maps to `TIMEOUT`, while an earlier caller abort maps to `ABORTED`.
 
 ## Consequences
 
@@ -82,6 +98,7 @@ The signal only *notifies*; termination is always the listener's job, and the li
 - `SpawnSpec.timeoutMs` and `SpawnOutcome.timedOut`/`aborted` were removed rather than kept as always-zero/always-false vestiges: with `runBash` owning no timer and the executor owning classification, they were read nowhere. This is the one deviation from the literal proposal shape (which passed `timeoutMs: 0` into `runBash`); an always-0 field read by nothing is dead weight under the per-file coverage gate.
 - web_fetch shed its bespoke controller/timer/listener/reason-recovery; the classifier now keys off the deadline signal (`timeoutOf` + `aborted`) rather than the thrown error's shape, which is robust across both the request-phase reject-with-reason and the read-phase bare-`AbortError`.
 - `AbortSignal.any` and `using`/`Symbol.dispose` enter the repo for the first time here (Node ≥ 24 baseline, already met).
+- Model streams now share one rearmable timer contract without turning a sliding idle interval into a total-call deadline or charging consumer think time. The primitive still only notifies; adapter tests prove their transports observe its stable signal and terminate.
 
 Out of scope, named to mark the boundary: `web_search` can gain an optional model-facing `timeout_ms` once its tool-schema/snapshot coverage is planned; future ripgrep-backed fs discovery tools can consume the same provider-owned deadline shape once they exist; a `tools/execute` waterfall middleware could arm a default deadline for every tool call by driving `exec.signal` — that would be a plugin that *consumes* this library and still only notifies, the hard kill remaining each capability's job.
 
diff --git a/.agents/notes/implemented/architecture/2026-07-14-provider-routed-llm-adapters.i18n.yaml b/.agents/notes/implemented/architecture/2026-07-14-provider-routed-llm-adapters.i18n.yaml
index 3ed38c1282..3a6b18cecf 100644
--- a/.agents/notes/implemented/architecture/2026-07-14-provider-routed-llm-adapters.i18n.yaml
+++ b/.agents/notes/implemented/architecture/2026-07-14-provider-routed-llm-adapters.i18n.yaml
@@ -2,5 +2,5 @@
 # side as of the last confirmed-consistent state. Both languages carry equal authority;
 # after editing either side, bring the other along and re-record with:
 #   pnpm run verify-translation-pairing --write
-2026-07-14-provider-routed-llm-adapters.md: b7944bd31fdb5f63894e867d7c1224215d694f11
-2026-07-14-provider-routed-llm-adapters.zh.md: 7dcadf2521bab079e328b5f0d0a45185778b3b8d
+2026-07-14-provider-routed-llm-adapters.md: 98205d18d07752e0cdba86d7cba80368d45fd816
+2026-07-14-provider-routed-llm-adapters.zh.md: c35225a86baf4c2d09732b5940abbc8046d365fb
diff --git a/.agents/notes/implemented/architecture/2026-07-14-provider-routed-llm-adapters.md b/.agents/notes/implemented/architecture/2026-07-14-provider-routed-llm-adapters.md
index b7944bd31f..98205d18d0 100644
--- a/.agents/notes/implemented/architecture/2026-07-14-provider-routed-llm-adapters.md
+++ b/.agents/notes/implemented/architecture/2026-07-14-provider-routed-llm-adapters.md
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ A provider has exactly one adapter owner in a Cordis context. `dsh-llm-deepseek`
 
 ### Explicit pi-ai provider profiles
 
-`dsh-llm-pi-ai` takes one non-empty list of provider profiles. Provider names must be unique within the list and present in pi-ai's `getProviders()` result. Each profile contains the provider name plus optional `apiKey`, `baseURL`, headers, reasoning level and budgets, cache retention, transport, timeouts, and retry settings. Credentials are never global: an explicit key applies only to its profile, while an absent key lets pi-ai resolve its standard environment variable, OAuth token, AWS credential chain, Google ADC, or other provider-native ambient authentication. An explicitly empty key is invalid configuration rather than an environment fallback.
+`dsh-llm-pi-ai` takes one non-empty list of provider profiles. Provider names must be unique within the list and present in pi-ai's `getProviders()` result. Each profile contains the provider name plus optional `apiKey`, `baseURL`, headers, reasoning level and budgets, cache retention, transport, SDK timeouts, and a Harness stream-idle timeout. Provider retry fields are deliberately absent: the adapter forces pi-ai's `maxRetries` to zero so one `stream()` call makes one visible provider attempt, while `dsh-llm-retry` owns bounded agent-level recovery. Credentials are never global: an explicit key applies only to its profile, while an absent key lets pi-ai resolve its standard environment variable, OAuth token, AWS credential chain, Google ADC, or other provider-native ambient authentication. An explicitly empty key is invalid configuration rather than an environment fallback.
 
 The plugin registers all configured provider names against one `PiAiAdapter` in one all-or-nothing call. A request uses its provider to select the matching profile and finds its model in `getModels(provider)` to obtain the catalog descriptor. An unknown provider fails at plugin load; an unknown model fails before network I/O with `UNKNOWN_MODEL`. The catalog object is never mutated. When a profile supplies `baseURL`, the adapter clones the selected descriptor and overrides only `baseUrl`, so a private endpoint can retain pi-ai's API, capabilities, compatibility flags, context limits, and reasoning map. The private endpoint must implement the selected provider's protocol, and the model id must still exist in the installed pi-ai catalog.
 
@@ -75,14 +75,14 @@ The on-disk session format remains the pre-release pinned version `0`, with no c
 - Provider names are deployment-wide route ownership keys: two providers may use the same model string, but mounting two adapters for one provider fails at load instead of creating fallback order.
 - Model selection no longer changes the Cordis plugin graph. Catalog-backed adapters can accept any installed catalog model selected after startup, while the native DeepSeek adapter forwards arbitrary DeepSeek model ids.
 - A custom `baseURL` preserves the selected catalog model's protocol and capabilities; it does not make catalog-external model ids valid. Private endpoints must implement that catalog entry's protocol.
-- pi-ai credentials and transport knobs are scoped per provider profile. An omitted key delegates to pi-ai ambient authentication, while an explicitly empty key is invalid.
+- pi-ai credentials, transport knobs, SDK timeouts, and the five-minute-default `streamIdleTimeoutMs` watchdog are scoped per provider profile. Hidden provider retries are disabled; bounded retries belong to the separately composed agent recovery policy.
 - `dsh-llm-pi-ai` rejects stop sequences because pi-ai's common stream API cannot express them; the native DeepSeek adapter retains its stop support.
 - Replay state is portable only within the adapter instance that owns both the historical and target providers. Cross-provider and cross-model restoration is an adapter responsibility, and another adapter receives provider-neutral history without the opaque state.
 - Current pre-release session JSONL requires provider/model request headers and assistant provenance. Older shapes remain version `0` but are rejected rather than migrated.
 
 ## Testing
 
-- Unit coverage exercises registry conflicts, request reconstruction, session validation, profile resolution, option forwarding, native API selection including OpenAI Responses, conversion, replay validation, error mapping, cancellation, content rewrites, and same-instance versus different-instance replay dispatch.
+- Unit coverage exercises registry conflicts, request reconstruction, session validation, profile resolution, single-attempt option forwarding, native API selection including OpenAI Responses, conversion, replay validation, error mapping, caller cancellation, idle-timeout transport termination, content rewrites, and same-instance versus different-instance replay dispatch.
 - Keyless loop/session tests and ACP snapshots exercise durable provider/model metadata, resume and fork propagation, workflow/subagent overrides, and unchanged user-visible transcripts; the key-gated DeepSeek e2e retains real provider streaming and tool follow-up coverage.
 - Public JSDoc, package READMEs, architecture and core-data-structure docs, generated catalogs, examples, session fixtures, and Python SDK pairs use provider/model targets consistently and are checked by the repository documentation and type-equivalence gates.
 
diff --git a/.agents/notes/implemented/architecture/2026-07-14-provider-routed-llm-adapters.zh.md b/.agents/notes/implemented/architecture/2026-07-14-provider-routed-llm-adapters.zh.md
index 7dcadf2521..c35225a86b 100644
--- a/.agents/notes/implemented/architecture/2026-07-14-provider-routed-llm-adapters.zh.md
+++ b/.agents/notes/implemented/architecture/2026-07-14-provider-routed-llm-adapters.zh.md
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ Status: implemented
 
 ### 显式 pi-ai 提供方配置
 
-`dsh-llm-pi-ai` 接受一个非空的提供方配置列表。列表内的提供方名称必须唯一，并且存在于 pi-ai 的 `getProviders()` 结果中。每项配置包含提供方名称，以及可选的 `apiKey`、`baseURL`、headers、推理级别和预算、缓存保留设置、传输方式、超时和重试设置。凭据不设全局值：显式密钥仅对所属配置生效；未提供密钥时，pi-ai 使用标准环境变量、OAuth token、AWS 凭据链、Google ADC 或其他提供方原生环境认证。显式空密钥属于无效配置，不会回退到环境认证。
+`dsh-llm-pi-ai` 接受一个非空的提供方配置列表。列表内的提供方名称必须唯一，并且存在于 pi-ai 的 `getProviders()` 结果中。每项配置包含提供方名称，以及可选的 `apiKey`、`baseURL`、headers、推理级别和预算、缓存保留设置、传输方式、SDK 超时和 Harness 流空闲超时。配置中有意不提供重试字段：适配器强制将 pi-ai 的 `maxRetries` 设为零，使一次 `stream()` 调用只发起一次可见的提供方请求；有界的 agent 层恢复由 `dsh-llm-retry` 负责。凭据不设全局值：显式密钥仅对所属配置生效；未提供密钥时，pi-ai 使用标准环境变量、OAuth token、AWS 凭据链、Google ADC 或其他提供方原生环境认证。显式空密钥属于无效配置，不会回退到环境认证。
 
 插件通过一次全有或全无调用，将所有已配置的提供方名称注册到同一个 `PiAiAdapter`。请求按 provider 选择对应配置，并在 `getModels(provider)` 中查找模型以取得目录描述符。未知提供方会在插件加载时失败；未知模型会在网络 I/O 前以 `UNKNOWN_MODEL` 失败。适配器不会修改目录对象。当配置提供 `baseURL` 时，适配器复制选中的描述符，仅覆盖 `baseUrl`，使私有端点保留 pi-ai 的 API、能力、兼容标志、上下文限制与推理映射。私有端点必须实现所选提供方的协议，模型 ID 也仍须存在于已安装的 pi-ai 目录中。
 
@@ -75,14 +75,14 @@ JSON-RPC 运行时显式接收 provider 与 model。仅当 `deepseek` 提供方
 - 提供方名称是部署范围内的路由所有权键：两个提供方可以使用相同的模型字符串，但为同一个提供方挂载两个适配器会在加载时失败，不会形成回退顺序。
 - 模型选择不再改变 Cordis 插件图。目录型适配器可以接受启动后选择的任意已安装目录模型，原生 DeepSeek 适配器则会转发任意 DeepSeek 模型 ID。
 - 自定义 `baseURL` 会保留所选目录模型的协议与能力，但不会让目录外模型 ID 变为有效。私有端点必须实现该目录项对应的协议。
-- pi-ai 凭据与传输选项按提供方配置隔离。省略密钥时委托 pi-ai 使用环境认证；显式空密钥无效。
+- pi-ai 凭据、传输选项、SDK 超时，以及默认五分钟的 `streamIdleTimeoutMs` 空闲超时机制均按提供方配置隔离。系统禁用隐藏的提供方重试；有界重试由单独组合的 agent 恢复策略负责。
 - pi-ai 的通用流 API 无法表达停止序列，因此 `dsh-llm-pi-ai` 会拒绝停止序列；原生 DeepSeek 适配器仍支持停止序列。
 - 仅当历史提供方与目标提供方归同一个适配器实例所有时，回放状态才可移植。适配器负责跨提供方和跨模型恢复；其他适配器只接收不含不透明状态的提供方无关历史。
 - 当前预发布会话 JSONL 要求请求头包含 provider/model，助手消息包含来源信息。旧格式仍使用版本 `0`，但会被拒绝，不执行迁移。
 
 ## 测试
 
-- 单元测试覆盖注册表冲突、请求重建、会话验证、配置解析、选项转发、包括 OpenAI Responses 在内的原生 API 选择、转换、回放验证、错误映射、取消、内容重写，以及同一实例与不同实例间的回放分发。
+- 单元测试覆盖注册表冲突、请求重建、会话验证、配置解析、单次请求的选项转发、包括 OpenAI Responses 在内的原生 API 选择、转换、回放验证、错误映射、调用方取消、空闲超时导致的传输终止、内容重写，以及同一实例与不同实例间的回放分发。
 - 无密钥的 agent loop/会话测试和 ACP 快照覆盖持久化 provider/model 元数据、恢复与 fork 传播、工作流/subagent 覆盖，以及不变的用户可见 transcript（文本记录）；密钥门控的 DeepSeek e2e 测试保留真实提供方的流式输出与工具后续调用覆盖率。
 - 公共 JSDoc、package README、架构与核心数据结构文档、生成目录、示例、会话 fixture（测试前置数据）和 Python SDK 配对文档统一使用 provider/model 目标，并由仓库文档与类型等价门禁校验。
 
diff --git a/.agents/notes/implemented/bug-fix/2026-07-20-error-cause-chain-diagnostics.i18n.yaml b/.agents/notes/implemented/bug-fix/2026-07-20-error-cause-chain-diagnostics.i18n.yaml
index 630a1b05e6..4798f54960 100644
--- a/.agents/notes/implemented/bug-fix/2026-07-20-error-cause-chain-diagnostics.i18n.yaml
+++ b/.agents/notes/implemented/bug-fix/2026-07-20-error-cause-chain-diagnostics.i18n.yaml
@@ -2,5 +2,5 @@
 # side as of the last confirmed-consistent state. Both languages carry equal authority;
 # after editing either side, bring the other along and re-record with:
 #   pnpm run verify-translation-pairing --write
-2026-07-20-error-cause-chain-diagnostics.md: 2d860d0e966158dd9ec12b45f88e3b031e1cb35a
-2026-07-20-error-cause-chain-diagnostics.zh.md: 6eac19dd08d50e4662d53889577b5e3ddabaafdd
+2026-07-20-error-cause-chain-diagnostics.md: 391e35997bb1bb050dd2ca620920961d77bb1c46
+2026-07-20-error-cause-chain-diagnostics.zh.md: 90d6559a9410e8a4e5475db9560a2a177ba7a1a7
diff --git a/.agents/notes/implemented/bug-fix/2026-07-20-error-cause-chain-diagnostics.md b/.agents/notes/implemented/bug-fix/2026-07-20-error-cause-chain-diagnostics.md
index 2d860d0e96..391e35997b 100644
--- a/.agents/notes/implemented/bug-fix/2026-07-20-error-cause-chain-diagnostics.md
+++ b/.agents/notes/implemented/bug-fix/2026-07-20-error-cause-chain-diagnostics.md
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ A TUI run against an unreachable DeepSeek endpoint failed with the single notice
 ## Decision
 
 - `dsh-llm` exports `errorChain(value)`: renders a thrown value with its full `cause` chain (`outer: inner: …`) and AggregateError members (`msg [m1; m2]`), with circular-cause and hostile-coercion containment. It is a diagnostic-surface renderer only; routing stays on `HarnessError.code`.
-- The DeepSeek adapter wraps a pre-response transport failure in `LlmError('NETWORK')` naming the configured `baseURL` and chaining the original `TypeError` as `cause`. An aborted request keeps its `DOMException` so the loop still classifies it as cancellation, not a provider failure.
+- The DeepSeek adapter wraps a pre-response transport failure in `LlmError('TRANSPORT')` naming the configured `baseURL` and chaining the original rejection as `cause`. An aborted request becomes `LlmError('ABORTED')`; because the turn signal is already aborted, the loop still classifies the turn as cancellation rather than recovery.
 - Every diagnostic seam renders through `errorChain` instead of `error.message`/`String(error)`: the agent-loop's durable `turn/end` error message (`errorData`), its logger warnings, the TUI's `agent/error` notice and startup-failure line, and `dsh-stdio`'s startup-failure log lines. The per-package `renderThrown` copies in `dsh-agent-loop`, `dsh-stdio`, and `dsh-tui` are deleted in favor of the one shared renderer.
 - `dsh-stdio` renders failure `turn/end` reasons: `[turn failed <code>] <message>`, `[turn aborted] <reason>`, `[turn rejected] <reason>`, `[turn interrupted by a previous process exit]`, and the output-token-limit notice. Unknown merge-extended kinds fall through as ordinary turn ends.
 
diff --git a/.agents/notes/implemented/bug-fix/2026-07-20-error-cause-chain-diagnostics.zh.md b/.agents/notes/implemented/bug-fix/2026-07-20-error-cause-chain-diagnostics.zh.md
index 6eac19dd08..90d6559a94 100644
--- a/.agents/notes/implemented/bug-fix/2026-07-20-error-cause-chain-diagnostics.zh.md
+++ b/.agents/notes/implemented/bug-fix/2026-07-20-error-cause-chain-diagnostics.zh.md
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ TUI 连接不可达的 DeepSeek 端点时，失败只显示一条 `fetch failed`
 ## Decision
 
 - `dsh-llm` 导出 `errorChain(value)`：渲染抛出值及其完整 `cause` 链（`outer: inner: …`）与 AggregateError 成员（`msg [m1; m2]`），并容错循环 cause 和恶意强制转换。它只是诊断表面的渲染器；路由仍然基于 `HarnessError.code`。
-- DeepSeek 适配器把拿到响应之前的传输失败包装成 `LlmError('NETWORK')`，写明配置的 `baseURL` 并把原始 `TypeError` 链为 `cause`。被中止的请求保留其 `DOMException`，使循环仍将其归类为取消而非 provider 失败。
+- DeepSeek 适配器把拿到响应之前的传输失败包装成 `LlmError('TRANSPORT')`，写明配置的 `baseURL` 并把原始拒绝值链为 `cause`。被中止的请求变为 `LlmError('ABORTED')`；由于轮次信号已处于中止状态，循环仍将该轮次归类为取消而非恢复。
 - 每个诊断接缝改用 `errorChain` 而非 `error.message`/`String(error)`：agent-loop 的持久化 `turn/end` 错误消息（`errorData`）、其日志警告、TUI 的 `agent/error` 通知与启动失败行、以及 `dsh-stdio` 的启动失败日志行。`dsh-agent-loop`、`dsh-stdio`、`dsh-tui` 里各自的 `renderThrown` 副本被删除，统一使用这一个共享渲染器。
 - `dsh-stdio` 渲染失败的 `turn/end` reason：`[turn failed <code>] <message>`、`[turn aborted] <reason>`、`[turn rejected] <reason>`、`[turn interrupted by a previous process exit]` 以及输出 token 上限通知。未知的 merge 扩展 kind 按普通 turn 结束处理。
 
diff --git a/.agents/notes/implemented/feature/2026-07-20-windows-tui-support.i18n.yaml b/.agents/notes/implemented/feature/2026-07-20-windows-tui-support.i18n.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4edd7b7223
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.agents/notes/implemented/feature/2026-07-20-windows-tui-support.i18n.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# Bilingual-pair consistency record (docs/i18n/README.md): the git blob hash of each
+# side as of the last confirmed-consistent state. Both languages carry equal authority;
+# after editing either side, bring the other along and re-record with:
+#   pnpm run verify-translation-pairing --write
+2026-07-20-windows-tui-support.md: 6b728486dd50faac067933ce06f883447aae821f
+2026-07-20-windows-tui-support.zh.md: 2b53b05ff6231361d79b4304181dc0e6d8e24e68
diff --git a/.agents/notes/implemented/feature/2026-07-20-windows-tui-support.md b/.agents/notes/implemented/feature/2026-07-20-windows-tui-support.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6b728486dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.agents/notes/implemented/feature/2026-07-20-windows-tui-support.md
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+# Agent Note: Support the TUI on Windows
+
+Status: implemented
+
+English | [中文](2026-07-20-windows-tui-support.zh.md)
+
+## Problem
+
+The full-screen TUI delegates raw input, ANSI rendering, resize events, and terminal restoration to pi-tui's `ProcessTerminal`. That dependency contains a native Windows console path, but the repository's real-process smoke used Python's POSIX-only `pty` and `termios` modules. Skipping that smoke on Windows would leave the supported product path without coverage for startup, input, interaction, failure reporting, or restoration.
+
+The TUI platform contract must follow the runtime shipped to users rather than the portability of one test driver. A platform exclusion is justified only when the product has an unsupported runtime dependency or a demonstrated semantic gap.
+
+## Decision
+
+[`@deepseek-ai/dsh-tui`](../../../../packages/ui/tui/README.md) supports interactive terminals on Windows as well as macOS and Linux. The product continues to use pi-tui's `ProcessTerminal`; on Windows it enables virtual-terminal input after raw mode and avoids the Unix-only `SIGWINCH` refresh. DeepSeek Harness adds no platform rejection or reduced Windows mode.
+
+The real Loader smoke selects a native pseudo-terminal boundary by host. macOS and Linux retain the Python POSIX PTY driver. Windows uses `node-pty` and ConPTY. Both drivers receive the same launch command, environment, terminal dimensions, marker-gated input actions, timeout, expected exit code, and output assertions, and all three smoke scenarios run on every supported platform.
+
+`node-pty` is a test-only dependency of the examples workspace. Its reviewed native install script is explicitly enabled in `pnpm-workspace.yaml`; production TUI packages do not acquire a new dependency or subprocess layer.
+
+## Alternatives considered
+
+- **Declare the TUI unsupported on Windows** — rejected because the pinned terminal runtime implements Windows console input explicitly and the harness has no POSIX-only production dependency. A documentation-only exclusion would discard an existing product path to accommodate a test harness gap.
+- **Run the POSIX driver through MSYS, Cygwin, or WSL** — rejected because that would test a compatibility environment rather than the native Windows console path users run.
+- **Use `node-pty` on every host** — rejected because the established POSIX driver already provides the macOS and Linux boundary; replacing it would widen the runtime change without improving those hosts. Platform-specific drivers reserve the `node-pty` runtime path for Windows while sharing one scenario contract.
+- **Rely on renderer unit tests and semantic terminal snapshots** — rejected because fake terminals do not prove Loader boot, real raw input, process exit, or terminal restoration at the operating-system boundary.
+
+## Consequences
+
+- The Windows artifact lane executes the startup, scripted interaction, resume-failure, and restoration scenarios, and the suite has no supported-platform skip.
+- The Windows process proof depends on ConPTY and a pinned `node-pty` release; changing that dependency or its allowed install script requires native-boundary review.
+- The two PTY drivers can differ internally, but shared inputs and assertions keep their observable TUI contract aligned.
+- Windows support remains bounded by the Node and pi-tui versions shipped by the repository; unsupported historical Windows console environments do not receive a compatibility layer.
diff --git a/.agents/notes/implemented/feature/2026-07-20-windows-tui-support.zh.md b/.agents/notes/implemented/feature/2026-07-20-windows-tui-support.zh.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2b53b05ff6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.agents/notes/implemented/feature/2026-07-20-windows-tui-support.zh.md
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+# Agent Note: 在 Windows 上支持 TUI
+
+Status: implemented
+
+[English](2026-07-20-windows-tui-support.md) | 中文
+
+## 问题
+
+全屏 TUI 将原始输入、ANSI 渲染、终端尺寸变更事件和终端恢复委托给 pi-tui 的 `ProcessTerminal`。该依赖已实现原生 Windows 控制台路径，但仓库的真实进程冒烟测试此前使用 Python 中仅适用于 POSIX 的 `pty` 和 `termios` 模块。若在 Windows 上跳过该测试，这条受支持的产品路径便会缺少针对启动、输入、交互、失败报告和终端恢复的测试覆盖率。
+
+TUI 平台契约必须以交付给用户的运行时为准，而不是取决于某个测试驱动程序的可移植性。只有产品存在不受支持的运行时依赖，或已证实存在语义缺口时，排除某个平台才有依据。
+
+## 决策
+
+[`@deepseek-ai/dsh-tui`](../../../../packages/ui/tui/README.md) 在 Windows、macOS 和 Linux 上均支持交互式终端。产品继续使用 pi-tui 的 `ProcessTerminal`；在 Windows 上，它会在进入原始模式后启用虚拟终端输入，并避开仅适用于 Unix 的 `SIGWINCH` 刷新。DeepSeek Harness 不增加平台拒绝逻辑，也不采用功能受限的 Windows 模式。
+
+真实 Loader 冒烟测试根据宿主选择原生伪终端边界。macOS 和 Linux 继续使用 Python POSIX PTY 驱动，Windows 则使用 `node-pty` 和 ConPTY。两种驱动接收相同的启动命令、环境、终端尺寸、以标记为触发条件的输入动作、超时、预期退出码和输出断言；3 个冒烟场景都会在每个受支持平台上运行。
+
+`node-pty` 是 examples 工作区仅供测试使用的依赖。该依赖经评审的原生安装脚本在 `pnpm-workspace.yaml` 中显式启用；生产 TUI 包（package）不会新增依赖或子进程层。
+
+## 曾考虑的替代方案
+
+- **声明 TUI 不支持 Windows**：不予采纳，因为固定版本的终端运行时已显式实现 Windows 控制台输入，且 harness 没有仅适用于 POSIX 的生产依赖。仅通过文档排除 Windows，等于为迁就测试 harness 的缺口而舍弃现有产品路径。
+- **通过 MSYS、Cygwin 或 WSL 运行 POSIX 驱动**：不予采纳，因为这会测试兼容环境，而不是用户实际运行的原生 Windows 控制台路径。
+- **在所有宿主上使用 `node-pty`**：不予采纳，因为现有 POSIX 驱动已经为 macOS 和 Linux 提供所需边界；替换该驱动会扩大运行时变更范围，却不会给这两个宿主带来改进。按平台选择驱动，仅在 Windows 上启用 `node-pty` 运行时路径，同时共享同一份场景契约。
+- **依赖渲染器单元测试和语义终端快照**：不予采纳，因为模拟终端无法证明 Loader 启动、真实原始输入、进程退出或操作系统边界上的终端恢复。
+
+## 后果
+
+- Windows 产物 lane 执行启动、脚本化交互、配置恢复失败和终端恢复场景，这套测试不会在任何受支持平台上跳过。
+- Windows 进程级验证依赖 ConPTY 和固定版本的 `node-pty`；变更该依赖或允许执行的安装脚本时，必须进行原生边界评审。
+- 两种 PTY 驱动的内部实现可以不同，但共享的输入和断言会使其可观测 TUI 契约保持一致。
+- Windows 支持范围以仓库交付的 Node 和 pi-tui 版本为界；不受支持的旧版 Windows 控制台环境不会获得兼容层。
diff --git a/docs/architecture.md b/docs/architecture.md
index b902f48d29..321612c814 100644
--- a/docs/architecture.md
+++ b/docs/architecture.md
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ forever:
       agent/request (config only) -> log request/header -> llm/stream (frozen)
       on final adapter-path or terminal in-band failure:
         'step/end'
-        agent/request-error(original error, consecutive retry attempt, signal)
+        agent/request-error(original error, failure facts, immutable prior failures, signal)
         retry in the next numbered step or preserve the original error
       otherwise:
         'assistant/chunk'
@@ -111,11 +111,11 @@ Each step assembles ordered prompt sections, tool schemas, and `{{name}}` variab
 
 Tool-time context—including async `agent.inject()` notices and post-tool `additionalContexts`—settles, then follows recorded results. Steering drains before `agent/post-step`, which observes durable output, results, context, and steering before signal closure. Leftovers become queued input. Terminal `agent/turn-stop` runs after continuation and steering folding, stays authoritative through turn close and flush, and discards later steering but preserves queued prompts.
 
-Optional pruning precedes summaries; retry requires durable surface progress; cancellation wins ([decision](../.agents/notes/implemented/architecture/2026-07-10-after-call-compaction-pressure-and-overflow-recovery.md)).
+Pruning precedes summaries; overflow retries require durable progress. Bounded transient retries compose on `agent/request-error`; cancellation wins ([compaction](../.agents/notes/implemented/architecture/2026-07-10-after-call-compaction-pressure-and-overflow-recovery.md), [retry](../.agents/notes/implemented/architecture/2026-06-21-bounded-llm-request-recovery.md)).
 
 ### Failure Boundaries
 
-The turn is the containment boundary. Final adapter-path and terminal in-band failures close the step before `agent/request-error`; retry opens a numbered step; otherwise, the provider error survives. Attempts reset on success.
+The turn is the containment boundary. Adapter failures close the step, entering `agent/request-error` with the exact `Error`, `LlmFailure`, and retry history. Retry opens a numbered step; success clears history; exhaustion stores the failure on `turn/end`. Failed chunks commit no message or tool.
 
 Other failures use `agent/error`. Cancellation and disposal beat recovery; undispatched model tool calls receive synthetic `tool/call` and `ABORTED` result pairs before `turn/end`. `cancel()` clears queues and aborts active work; disposal awaits quiescence before unregistering.
 
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ Durability is a plugin concern. Backends buffer synchronous `session/event` noti
 
 Messages contain typed blocks (`text`, `reasoning`, `tool-call`, `tool-result`) derived from merge-extensible `ContentBlockMap`; the same pattern types `MessageSource`, `FinishReason`, `TurnTrigger`, and `TurnEndReason`. New block types coordinate adapters, UI bridges, compaction pricing, token metering, and persistence as one repo-wide contract; replay measurement types live in [token-meter.md](core-data-structures/token-meter.md).
 
-Streaming uses raw chunks (`block-start` through `finish`) and `BlockAssembler`. The loop logs and assembles chunks, storing provider/model provenance plus replay state. An `LlmAdapter` implements `stream()`, registers provider routes, and may expose selector metadata; it resolves and validates model ids. Replay state reaches targets only when both routes map to one adapter instance, which owns validation and conversion. The contract lives in [llm-streaming.md](core-data-structures/llm-streaming.md).
+Streaming uses raw chunks and `BlockAssembler`. One `LlmAdapter.stream()` is one provider attempt; adapters report facts, while recovery policy lives on `agent/request-error`. The loop logs chunks and successful provenance/replay state. Remote adapters stop stalled transport with per-read idle watchdogs. Replay state reaches targets only when routes share an adapter instance ([contract](core-data-structures/llm-streaming.md)).
 
 ## Extension And Composition
 
diff --git a/docs/config-catalog.md b/docs/config-catalog.md
index bec60dc5aa..2f87e1be50 100644
--- a/docs/config-catalog.md
+++ b/docs/config-catalog.md
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ export interface AcpConfig {
 
 Depends on: `Stream` (`@agentclientprotocol/sdk`)
 
-Source: [`packages/ui/acp/src/index.ts:206`](../packages/ui/acp/src/index.ts)
+Source: [`packages/ui/acp/src/index.ts:207`](../packages/ui/acp/src/index.ts)
 
 ## `@deepseek-ai/dsh-acp-demo`
 
@@ -68,6 +68,8 @@ export interface Config {
   toolBash?: NonNullable<agentCore.Config['toolBash']>
   /** Generic background-task controls forwarded through agent-core; set false to omit their tool surface. */
   toolTasks?: NonNullable<agentCore.Config['toolTasks']>
+  /** Bounded transient model-request retry policy forwarded through agent-core. */
+  llmRetry?: NonNullable<agentCore.Config['llmRetry']>
 }
 ```
 
@@ -144,6 +146,8 @@ export interface Config {
   toolBash?: toolBash.Config
   /** Generic background-task controls; set false to keep the task service without model-facing task tools. */
   toolTasks?: toolTasks.Config | false
+  /** Bounded transient model-request retry policy. */
+  llmRetry?: llmRetry.Config
 }
 
 /** Skill bundle config forwarded to the registry, local provider, and model-facing consumer. */
@@ -159,9 +163,9 @@ export interface SkillConfig {
 }
 ```
 
-Depends on: [`AgentLoopConfig`](#deepseek-aidsh-agent-loop) · [`SkillLocal`](../packages/skill/skill-local/src/index.ts) · [`SkillRegistryConfig`](#deepseek-aidsh-skill) · [`SystemPromptConfig`](#deepseek-aidsh-system-prompt) · [`toolBash`](../packages/bash/tool-bash/src/index.ts) · [`ToolsConfig`](#deepseek-aidsh-tools) · [`toolSkill`](../packages/skill/tool-skill/src/index.ts) · [`toolTasks`](../packages/tasks/tool-tasks/src/index.ts) · [`workspaceContext`](../packages/context/workspace-context/src/index.ts)
+Depends on: [`AgentLoopConfig`](#deepseek-aidsh-agent-loop) · [`llmRetry`](../packages/llm/llm-retry/src/index.ts) · [`SkillLocal`](../packages/skill/skill-local/src/index.ts) · [`SkillRegistryConfig`](#deepseek-aidsh-skill) · [`SystemPromptConfig`](#deepseek-aidsh-system-prompt) · [`toolBash`](../packages/bash/tool-bash/src/index.ts) · [`ToolsConfig`](#deepseek-aidsh-tools) · [`toolSkill`](../packages/skill/tool-skill/src/index.ts) · [`toolTasks`](../packages/tasks/tool-tasks/src/index.ts) · [`workspaceContext`](../packages/context/workspace-context/src/index.ts)
 
-Source: [`packages/examples/agent-spine-demo/src/index.ts:59`](../packages/examples/agent-spine-demo/src/index.ts)
+Source: [`packages/examples/agent-spine-demo/src/index.ts:60`](../packages/examples/agent-spine-demo/src/index.ts)
 
 ## `@deepseek-ai/dsh-bash-local`
 
@@ -234,6 +238,8 @@ export interface Config {
   toolBash?: NonNullable<agentCore.Config['toolBash']>
   /** Generic background-task control-tool config forwarded through agent-spine-demo. */
   toolTasks?: NonNullable<agentCore.Config['toolTasks']>
+  /** Bounded transient model-request retry policy forwarded through agent-spine-demo. */
+  llmRetry?: NonNullable<agentCore.Config['llmRetry']>
   /** Controls automatic AGENTS.md/CLAUDE.md loading; configure a byte budget or set `false`. */
   workspaceContext: agentCore.Config['workspaceContext']
 }
@@ -458,6 +464,8 @@ export interface Config {
   reasoningEffort?: 'high' | 'max'
   /** Advisory models shown by discovery consumers; defaults to V4 Flash and V4 Pro. */
   models?: DeepSeekCatalogModel[]
+  /** Maximum provider idle time while one stream read is outstanding (default five minutes). */
+  streamIdleTimeoutMs?: number
 }
 
 /** One optional model entry advertised by the hand-written adapter. */
@@ -471,7 +479,7 @@ export interface DeepSeekCatalogModel {
 }
 ```
 
-Source: [`packages/llm/llm-deepseek/src/index.ts:33`](../packages/llm/llm-deepseek/src/index.ts)
+Source: [`packages/llm/llm-deepseek/src/index.ts:34`](../packages/llm/llm-deepseek/src/index.ts)
 
 ## `@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm-pi-ai`
 
@@ -506,16 +514,14 @@ export interface PiAiProviderProfile {
   timeoutMs?: number
   /** WebSocket connection timeout in milliseconds. */
   websocketConnectTimeoutMs?: number
-  /** Provider SDK retry count. */
-  maxRetries?: number
-  /** Maximum provider-requested retry delay in milliseconds. */
-  maxRetryDelayMs?: number
+  /** Maximum provider idle time while one stream read is outstanding. */
+  streamIdleTimeoutMs?: number
 }
 ```
 
 Depends on: `CacheRetention` (`@earendil-works/pi-ai`) · `ThinkingBudgets` (`@earendil-works/pi-ai`) · `ThinkingLevel` (`@earendil-works/pi-ai`) · `Transport` (`@earendil-works/pi-ai`)
 
-Source: [`packages/llm/llm-pi-ai/src/config.ts:40`](../packages/llm/llm-pi-ai/src/config.ts)
+Source: [`packages/llm/llm-pi-ai/src/config.ts:48`](../packages/llm/llm-pi-ai/src/config.ts)
 
 ## `@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm-replay`
 
@@ -561,6 +567,28 @@ export interface ReplayModelConfig {
 
 Source: [`packages/support/llm-replay/src/index.ts:375`](../packages/support/llm-replay/src/index.ts)
 
+## `@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm-retry`
+
+Requires: `agents`
+
+```ts config-catalog
+/** Deployment-owned limits and classification for transient request recovery. */
+export interface Config {
+  /** Maximum transient retries after the first request (default 2). */
+  maxTransientRetries?: number
+  /** Initial local exponential-backoff delay in milliseconds (default 500). */
+  initialDelayMs?: number
+  /** Maximum accepted or locally scheduled delay in milliseconds (default 10000). */
+  maxDelayMs?: number
+  /** Symmetric random multiplier range around one (default 0.1). */
+  jitterRatio?: number
+  /** Stable failure codes eligible for this policy. */
+  retryableCodes?: string[]
+}
+```
+
+Source: [`packages/llm/llm-retry/src/index.ts:39`](../packages/llm/llm-retry/src/index.ts)
+
 ## `@deepseek-ai/dsh-mcp-client`
 
 Requires: `tools`
@@ -1249,7 +1277,7 @@ export interface TuiConfig {
 }
 ```
 
-Source: [`packages/ui/tui/src/index.ts:101`](../packages/ui/tui/src/index.ts)
+Source: [`packages/ui/tui/src/index.ts:102`](../packages/ui/tui/src/index.ts)
 
 ## `@deepseek-ai/dsh-tui-demo`
 
diff --git a/docs/cordis-catalog/events.md b/docs/cordis-catalog/events.md
index f0812c7280..4cdef11bfd 100644
--- a/docs/cordis-catalog/events.md
+++ b/docs/cordis-catalog/events.md
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ A step or turn errored. The loop reports a failure here (plus the logger) even w
 
 Types: [Agent](../core-data-structures/core.md) · [Scoped](../core-data-structures/scope.md)
 
-Source: [`packages/core/agent/src/types.ts:314`](../../packages/core/agent/src/types.ts)
+Source: [`packages/core/agent/src/types.ts:315`](../../packages/core/agent/src/types.ts)
 
 ### `agent/post-step` — serial
 
@@ -201,17 +201,18 @@ Recover a model-request failure after its failed step has closed. `retry` opens
  * @param turn - the open turn number.
  * @param step - the failed step number.
  * @param error - the original model-request failure.
- * @param retryAttempt - zero-based number of prior recovery retries.
+ * @param failure - serializable facts normalized at the final adapter boundary.
+ * @param priorFailures - immutable failures that already authorized another request in this consecutive sequence.
  * @param signal - the turn abort signal.
  * Scope-filtered dispatch (`@deepseek-ai/dsh-scope`): agent-scoped listeners receive only that agent.
  * @mode waterfall
  */
-'agent/request-error'(this: Scoped<Agent>, agent: Agent, turn: number, step: number, error: RequestError, retryAttempt: number, signal: AbortSignal, next: () => Promise<RequestErrorDecision>): Promise<RequestErrorDecision>
+'agent/request-error'(this: Scoped<Agent>, agent: Agent, turn: number, step: number, error: RequestError, failure: LlmFailure, priorFailures: readonly LlmFailure[], signal: AbortSignal, next: () => Promise<RequestErrorDecision>): Promise<RequestErrorDecision>
 ```
 
-Types: [Agent](../core-data-structures/core.md) · [RequestError](../core-data-structures/core.md) · [RequestErrorDecision](../core-data-structures/core.md) · [Scoped](../core-data-structures/scope.md)
+Types: [Agent](../core-data-structures/core.md) · [LlmFailure](../core-data-structures/llm-streaming.md) · [RequestError](../core-data-structures/core.md) · [RequestErrorDecision](../core-data-structures/core.md) · [Scoped](../core-data-structures/scope.md)
 
-Source: [`packages/core/agent/src/types.ts:281`](../../packages/core/agent/src/types.ts)
+Source: [`packages/core/agent/src/types.ts:282`](../../packages/core/agent/src/types.ts)
 
 ### `agent/session-prefix` — waterfall
 
@@ -322,7 +323,7 @@ Override whether the turn continues. The default continues after tool calls or s
 
 Types: [Agent](../core-data-structures/core.md) · [ContinuationDecision](../core-data-structures/core.md) · [Scoped](../core-data-structures/scope.md)
 
-Source: [`packages/core/agent/src/types.ts:291`](../../packages/core/agent/src/types.ts)
+Source: [`packages/core/agent/src/types.ts:292`](../../packages/core/agent/src/types.ts)
 
 ### `agent/turn-stop` — serial
 
@@ -343,7 +344,7 @@ Monotonic terminal-stop checkpoint after continuation and steering are folded; a
 
 Types: [Agent](../core-data-structures/core.md) · [ContinuationStop](../core-data-structures/core.md) · [Scoped](../core-data-structures/scope.md)
 
-Source: [`packages/core/agent/src/types.ts:301`](../../packages/core/agent/src/types.ts)
+Source: [`packages/core/agent/src/types.ts:302`](../../packages/core/agent/src/types.ts)
 
 ## `agent-loop/*`
 
@@ -473,7 +474,7 @@ Waterfall around every streaming model call (retry, replay, routing). Bound to t
 
 Types: [GenerateOptions](../core-data-structures/core.md) · [LlmService](../core-data-structures/llm-streaming.md) · [StreamChunk](../core-data-structures/llm-streaming.md)
 
-Source: [`packages/llm/llm/src/index.ts:43`](../../packages/llm/llm/src/index.ts)
+Source: [`packages/llm/llm/src/index.ts:44`](../../packages/llm/llm/src/index.ts)
 
 ## `session/*`
 
diff --git a/docs/cordis-catalog/services.md b/docs/cordis-catalog/services.md
index bad8b6a302..426de24c3a 100644
--- a/docs/cordis-catalog/services.md
+++ b/docs/cordis-catalog/services.md
@@ -531,7 +531,7 @@ stream(options: GenerateOptions): AsyncIterable<StreamChunk>
 
 Types: [GenerateOptions](../core-data-structures/core.md) · [LlmAdapter](../core-data-structures/llm-streaming.md) · [LlmModelInfo](../core-data-structures/core.md) · [LlmProviderInfo](../core-data-structures/core.md) · [StreamChunk](../core-data-structures/llm-streaming.md)
 
-Source: [`packages/llm/llm/src/index.ts:97`](../../packages/llm/llm/src/index.ts)
+Source: [`packages/llm/llm/src/index.ts:137`](../../packages/llm/llm/src/index.ts)
 
 ## `ctx.permission` — `PermissionService`
 
diff --git a/docs/core-data-structures/core.md b/docs/core-data-structures/core.md
index 6adee2e281..71a593da7a 100644
--- a/docs/core-data-structures/core.md
+++ b/docs/core-data-structures/core.md
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ interface GenerateOptions {
 }
 ```
 
-Why a model response stopped is a merge-extensible reason:
+Why a model response stopped is a merge-extensible reason. Terminal provider failures carry the streaming contract's [`LlmFailure`](llm-streaming.md#llmfailure):
 
 ```ts type-equiv
 /**
@@ -235,8 +235,8 @@ interface FinishReasonMap {
   'stop': { kind: 'stop' }
   'tool-calls': { kind: 'tool-calls' }
   'max-tokens': { kind: 'max-tokens' }
-  'aborted': { kind: 'aborted' }
-  'error': { kind: 'error'; message: string; code?: string }
+  'aborted': { kind: 'aborted'; failure: LlmFailure }
+  'error': { kind: 'error'; failure: LlmFailure }
 }
 ```
 
@@ -448,14 +448,14 @@ type ContinuationDecision =
   | { action: 'continue'; reason?: { content: ContentBlock[]; source: MessageSource } }
 ```
 
-`agent/request-error` receives the original `RequestError`, whose optional provider-neutral `code` supports stable routing without message parsing:
+`agent/request-error` receives the exact original `RequestError` beside its immutable `LlmFailure`, an immutable list of failures that already authorized another request in the consecutive sequence, the turn signal, and `next()`. Recovery plugins route on `failure.code`, not the live error's message; each policy counts only its own codes, and a successful request clears the history:
 
 ```ts type-equiv
 /** Model-request failure with an optional machine-routable provider code. */
 type RequestError = Error & { code?: string }
 ```
 
-It returns a `RequestErrorDecision`; `retry` opens a new numbered step after the recovery listener's durable mutation, while `fail` preserves that error:
+It returns a `RequestErrorDecision`; `retry` opens a new numbered step after the recovery listener's durable mutation, while `fail` retains the structured failure on `turn/end`:
 
 ```ts type-equiv
 /** Failed-request recovery decision; `retry` opens another numbered step while listeners delegate by calling `next()`. */
diff --git a/docs/core-data-structures/llm-streaming.md b/docs/core-data-structures/llm-streaming.md
index 41ce6427e6..674bff9dc8 100644
--- a/docs/core-data-structures/llm-streaming.md
+++ b/docs/core-data-structures/llm-streaming.md
@@ -31,18 +31,40 @@ type StreamChunk =
   }
 ```
 
+## `LlmFailure`
+
+Every thrown or in-band final-adapter failure normalizes to one serializable provider-neutral payload. `providerRetryAfterMs` is a validated positive delay requested by the provider, not a retry decision; `ProviderRequestId` is an opaque branded string for diagnostics.
+
+```ts type-equiv
+/** Serializable provider-boundary facts; policy decides whether they are retryable. */
+interface LlmFailure {
+  /** Human-readable provider or transport failure. */
+  readonly message: string
+  /** Stable provider-neutral machine-routing code. */
+  readonly code: string
+  /** HTTP status observed at the provider boundary, when available. */
+  readonly status?: number
+  /** Provider-requested delay in milliseconds, when valid and available. */
+  readonly providerRetryAfterMs?: number
+  /** Opaque provider-issued request identifier for diagnostics. */
+  readonly requestId?: ProviderRequestId
+}
+```
+
 ## The adapter contract
 
 Every adapter MUST obey these, and every consumer may rely on them:
 
 - **`usage` before `finish`, nothing after `finish`.** Defer both to the provider's end-of-stream marker so a trailing usage-only chunk can't violate the ordering.
 - **Tool-call `arguments` stay raw JSON strings end-to-end.** Partial fragments stream via `argumentsDelta`; a provider that hands back parsed objects re-stringifies at `block-end`.
-- **Two sanctioned error paths.** A failure may either THROW from `stream()` (transport/protocol errors) **or** end the stream with `finish {kind:'error'|'aborted'}` (provider in-band errors, for adapters that can't throw mid-stream). Consumers must handle *both*. The agent loop closes the failed step and offers either form to `agent/request-error`; absent recovery it becomes a turn error, and no normal completed assistant message is logged for that request.
+- **Two sanctioned error paths, one fact shape.** A failure may either THROW from `stream()` (transport/protocol errors) **or** end the stream with `finish {kind:'error'|'aborted', failure}` (provider in-band errors, for adapters that can't throw mid-stream). `LlmError.failure` carries the same `LlmFailure`. The final adapter boundary preserves the exact thrown `Error` object and associates immutable facts with that call; the agent loop closes the failed step and offers the error, facts, and immutable prior-retried facts to `agent/request-error`. Absent recovery the structured failure becomes the turn error, and no normal assistant message or tool side effect is committed for that attempt.
+- **One adapter call is one provider attempt.** Adapters disable library retries. Agent-level recovery opens another durable numbered step; direct `ctx.llm.stream()` callers remain single-attempt.
+- **Provider stalls are bounded at the transport.** Both shipping remote adapters expose positive finite `streamIdleTimeoutMs` with a five-minute default. The watchdog arms only while iterator `next()` is outstanding, uses one stable signal for the whole request, maps its own expiry to `TIMEOUT`, and keeps an earlier caller abort as `ABORTED`.
 - **Context overflow has one canonical code.** Both DeepSeek adapters classify explicit provider detail through `isContextWindowExceededError()` and surface `CONTEXT_WINDOW_EXCEEDED`, whether the failure arrives as a thrown HTTP `LlmError` or an in-band finish error. Consumers route on the code, never provider text.
 - **Every provider HTTP request carries the app-attribution header.** Adapters send `attributionHeaders()` (below) - the `User-Agent` baseline - and prove it with a wire-level test (mock server asserting the received header, or the library's header hook for a library-backed adapter).
 - **Replay state is adapter-owned.** A successful `finish` may carry lossless-JSON state needed to reconstruct a native provider response. The loop stores it with the assembled assistant message unless an `agent/step-result` listener rewrote the content. On a later request, `LlmService` passes the state only when the historical provider and target provider are currently registered to the exact same adapter instance. That adapter validates the state and owns any cross-model or cross-provider conversion; other adapters receive the provider-neutral content and provenance without the private state.
 
-This contract was pinned down by two deliberately independent implementations: `dsh-llm-deepseek` (hand-rolled fetch/SSE) and `dsh-llm-pi-ai` (a generic multi-provider adapter through `@earendil-works/pi-ai`). The library-backed adapter cannot throw mid-stream, so it exercises the finish-chunk error path the hand-rolled one might not.
+This contract is pinned down by two deliberately independent implementations: `dsh-llm-deepseek` (hand-rolled fetch/SSE) and `dsh-llm-pi-ai` (a generic multi-provider adapter through `@earendil-works/pi-ai`). The library-backed adapter exercises the finish-chunk error path, while transport-boundary tests prove each idle watchdog stops its actual request.
 
 ## `AppIdentity` — app attribution
 
diff --git a/docs/core-data-structures/session.md b/docs/core-data-structures/session.md
index d1c97b1fae..8650688222 100644
--- a/docs/core-data-structures/session.md
+++ b/docs/core-data-structures/session.md
@@ -430,7 +430,7 @@ declare class Session {
 - `context/message` → a user-role message carrying its `content` verbatim at its chronological position. Optional JSON `meta` remains in the event log and is never rendered.
 - `steering/message` → a user-role message carrying its content verbatim at its chronological position.
 
-Everything else (`turn/*`, `step/*`) is structural and does not project into a message. Token usage is observed on `assistant/message.usage` (the step that produced it); an operational error's step number is on `turn/end.reason` for `kind: 'error'`. Because this unreleased format intentionally has no compatibility promise, seed/load validation rejects request headers without provider+model and assistant messages without provider/model provenance instead of guessing a route for historical data.
+Everything else (`turn/*`, `step/*`, plugin-owned `llm/retry`) is structural and does not project into a message. Token accounting reads per-step `assistant/chunk { type: 'usage' }` records and treats `assistant/message.usage` as the committed-step fallback when no usage chunk exists; failed model-request attempts have no assistant message, so their usage chunk is the durable accounting record. An operational error's step number is on `turn/end.reason` for `kind: 'error'`, with normalized `LlmFailure` facts for a final model-request failure and message/code for other live errors. Because this unreleased format intentionally has no compatibility promise, seed/load validation rejects request headers without provider+model and assistant messages without provider/model provenance instead of guessing a route for historical data.
 
 ## Live-session fork API
 
@@ -474,9 +474,13 @@ interface TurnEndReasonMap {
    * The turn failed: a step threw or the model reported a failure. `step` is the
    * step number the failure occurred on (the operational error's location — the
    * single durable record of an in-turn failure; live diagnostics also fire via
-   * `agent/error`). `code` is the error's code when one was attached.
+   * `agent/error`). Final model-request failures retain their normalized facts
+   * as one `failure`; other turn failures retain their live Error message/code.
    */
-  error: { kind: 'error'; step: number; message: string; code?: string }
+  error: { kind: 'error'; step: number } & (
+    | { failure: LlmFailure; message?: never; code?: never }
+    | { message: string; code?: string; failure?: never }
+  )
   disposed: { kind: 'disposed' }
   /** At least one step reached its output-token ceiling, even if a plugin continued the turn. */
   'max-tokens': { kind: 'max-tokens' }
diff --git a/docs/event-producer-consumer.md b/docs/event-producer-consumer.md
index 52d85d2fb9..205b00cfa8 100644
--- a/docs/event-producer-consumer.md
+++ b/docs/event-producer-consumer.md
@@ -10,24 +10,24 @@ This matrix shows which packages dispatch each harness-owned event and which pac
 | `agent-loop/config-start-failed` | `emit` | [`packages/core/agent-loop/src/index.ts:353`](../packages/core/agent-loop/src/index.ts) | [`agent-loop`](../packages/core/agent-loop) (`events.dispatch`) | [`tui`](../packages/ui/tui) |
 | `agent/created` | `emit` | [`packages/core/agent/src/types.ts:150`](../packages/core/agent/src/types.ts) | [`agent`](../packages/core/agent) (`events.dispatch`) | [`tui`](../packages/ui/tui) |
 | `agent/disposed` | `emit` | [`packages/core/agent/src/types.ts:159`](../packages/core/agent/src/types.ts) | [`agent`](../packages/core/agent) (`events.dispatch`) | [`agent-loop`](../packages/core/agent-loop), [`tui`](../packages/ui/tui) |
-| `agent/error` | `emit` | [`packages/core/agent/src/types.ts:314`](../packages/core/agent/src/types.ts) | [`agent-loop`](../packages/core/agent-loop) (`emit`) | [`tui`](../packages/ui/tui) |
+| `agent/error` | `emit` | [`packages/core/agent/src/types.ts:315`](../packages/core/agent/src/types.ts) | [`agent-loop`](../packages/core/agent-loop) (`emit`) | [`tui`](../packages/ui/tui) |
 | `agent/post-step` | `serial` | [`packages/core/agent/src/types.ts:267`](../packages/core/agent/src/types.ts) | [`agent-loop`](../packages/core/agent-loop) (`serial`) | [`compact-basic`](../packages/compact/compact-basic) |
 | `agent/pre-step` | `serial` | [`packages/core/agent/src/types.ts:207`](../packages/core/agent/src/types.ts) | [`agent-loop`](../packages/core/agent-loop) (`serial`) | [`time-context`](../packages/context/time-context), [`user-approval`](../packages/ui/user-approval) |
 | `agent/prompt-submit` | `waterfall` | [`packages/core/agent/src/types.ts:217`](../packages/core/agent/src/types.ts) | [`agent-loop`](../packages/core/agent-loop) (`waterfall`) | [`acp`](../packages/ui/acp), [`hooks-claude`](../packages/hooks/hooks-claude), [`hooks-codex`](../packages/hooks/hooks-codex), [`repeat-tool-guard`](../packages/guard/repeat-tool-guard) |
 | `agent/queued` | `emit` | [`packages/core/agent/src/types.ts:178`](../packages/core/agent/src/types.ts) | [`agent-loop`](../packages/core/agent-loop) (`emit`) | - |
 | `agent/request` | `waterfall` | [`packages/core/agent/src/types.ts:229`](../packages/core/agent/src/types.ts) | [`agent-loop`](../packages/core/agent-loop) (`waterfall`) | [`acp`](../packages/ui/acp) |
-| `agent/request-error` | `waterfall` | [`packages/core/agent/src/types.ts:281`](../packages/core/agent/src/types.ts) | [`agent-loop`](../packages/core/agent-loop) (`waterfall`) | [`compact-basic`](../packages/compact/compact-basic) |
+| `agent/request-error` | `waterfall` | [`packages/core/agent/src/types.ts:282`](../packages/core/agent/src/types.ts) | [`agent-loop`](../packages/core/agent-loop) (`waterfall`) | [`compact-basic`](../packages/compact/compact-basic), [`llm-retry`](../packages/llm/llm-retry) |
 | `agent/session-prefix` | `waterfall` | [`packages/core/agent/src/types.ts:244`](../packages/core/agent/src/types.ts) | [`agent-loop`](../packages/core/agent-loop) (`waterfall`) | [`tool-skill`](../packages/skill/tool-skill), [`workspace-context`](../packages/context/workspace-context) |
 | `agent/session-start` | `emit` | [`packages/core/agent/src/types.ts:191`](../packages/core/agent/src/types.ts) | [`agent-loop`](../packages/core/agent-loop) (`emit`) | [`hooks-claude`](../packages/hooks/hooks-claude), [`hooks-codex`](../packages/hooks/hooks-codex) |
 | `agent/status` | `emit` | [`packages/core/agent/src/types.ts:168`](../packages/core/agent/src/types.ts) | [`agent-loop`](../packages/core/agent-loop) (`emit`) | [`invariants`](../packages/support/invariants), [`tui`](../packages/ui/tui) |
 | `agent/step-result` | `waterfall` | [`packages/core/agent/src/types.ts:255`](../packages/core/agent/src/types.ts) | [`agent-loop`](../packages/core/agent-loop) (`waterfall`) | - |
-| `agent/turn-continuation` | `waterfall` | [`packages/core/agent/src/types.ts:291`](../packages/core/agent/src/types.ts) | [`agent-loop`](../packages/core/agent-loop) (`waterfall`) | [`hooks-claude`](../packages/hooks/hooks-claude), [`hooks-codex`](../packages/hooks/hooks-codex) |
-| `agent/turn-stop` | `serial` | [`packages/core/agent/src/types.ts:301`](../packages/core/agent/src/types.ts) | [`agent-loop`](../packages/core/agent-loop) (`serial`) | [`subagent-inprocess`](../packages/subagent/subagent-inprocess) |
+| `agent/turn-continuation` | `waterfall` | [`packages/core/agent/src/types.ts:292`](../packages/core/agent/src/types.ts) | [`agent-loop`](../packages/core/agent-loop) (`waterfall`) | [`hooks-claude`](../packages/hooks/hooks-claude), [`hooks-codex`](../packages/hooks/hooks-codex) |
+| `agent/turn-stop` | `serial` | [`packages/core/agent/src/types.ts:302`](../packages/core/agent/src/types.ts) | [`agent-loop`](../packages/core/agent-loop) (`serial`) | [`subagent-inprocess`](../packages/subagent/subagent-inprocess) |
 | `approval/request` | `waterfall` | [`packages/ui/user-approval/src/index.ts:31`](../packages/ui/user-approval/src/index.ts) | [`user-approval`](../packages/ui/user-approval) (`waterfall`) | [`acp`](../packages/ui/acp) |
 | `fs/edit-intent` | `waterfall` | [`packages/fs/fs/src/index.ts:62`](../packages/fs/fs/src/index.ts) | [`tool-fs`](../packages/fs/tool-fs) (`waterfall`) | [`fs-policy`](../packages/fs/fs-policy) |
 | `fs/observed` | `emit` | [`packages/fs/fs/src/index.ts:71`](../packages/fs/fs/src/index.ts) | [`tool-fs`](../packages/fs/tool-fs) (`emit`) | [`fs-policy`](../packages/fs/fs-policy) |
 | `fs/write-intent` | `waterfall` | [`packages/fs/fs/src/index.ts:54`](../packages/fs/fs/src/index.ts) | [`tool-fs`](../packages/fs/tool-fs) (`waterfall`) | [`fs-policy`](../packages/fs/fs-policy) |
-| `llm/stream` | `waterfall` | [`packages/llm/llm/src/index.ts:43`](../packages/llm/llm/src/index.ts) | [`llm`](../packages/llm/llm) (`waterfall`) | [`invariants`](../packages/support/invariants), [`llm-replay`](../packages/support/llm-replay) |
+| `llm/stream` | `waterfall` | [`packages/llm/llm/src/index.ts:44`](../packages/llm/llm/src/index.ts) | [`llm`](../packages/llm/llm) (`waterfall`) | [`invariants`](../packages/support/invariants), [`llm-replay`](../packages/support/llm-replay) |
 | `session/created` | `emit` | [`packages/core/session/src/index.ts:47`](../packages/core/session/src/index.ts) | [`session`](../packages/core/session) (`events.dispatch`) | [`invariants`](../packages/support/invariants), [`jsonrpc`](../packages/ui/jsonrpc), [`session-persistence`](../packages/session-persistence/session-persistence) |
 | `session/disposed` | `emit` | [`packages/core/session/src/index.ts:57`](../packages/core/session/src/index.ts) | [`session`](../packages/core/session) (`events.dispatch`) | [`agent-loop`](../packages/core/agent-loop), [`session-persistence`](../packages/session-persistence/session-persistence) |
 | `session/event` | `emit` | [`packages/core/session/src/index.ts:69`](../packages/core/session/src/index.ts) | [`session`](../packages/core/session) (`events.dispatch`) | [`acp`](../packages/ui/acp), [`cli-demo`](../packages/examples/cli-demo), [`invariants`](../packages/support/invariants), [`jsonrpc`](../packages/ui/jsonrpc), [`session-persistence`](../packages/session-persistence/session-persistence), [`token-meter`](../packages/llm/token-meter), [`tui`](../packages/ui/tui), [`workspace-context`](../packages/context/workspace-context) |
diff --git a/docs/module-graph.md b/docs/module-graph.md
index 84068531fe..fe774feedc 100644
--- a/docs/module-graph.md
+++ b/docs/module-graph.md
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ flowchart TD
     pkg_llm["llm"]
     pkg_llm_deepseek["llm-deepseek"]
     pkg_llm_pi_ai["llm-pi-ai"]
+    pkg_llm_retry["llm-retry"]
     pkg_token_meter["token-meter"]
   end
   subgraph group_core["packages/core"]
@@ -159,7 +160,9 @@ flowchart TD
   pkg_scripts --> pkg_app_boot
   pkg_telemetry --> pkg_brand
   pkg_llm_deepseek --> pkg_llm
+  pkg_llm_deepseek --> pkg_timeout
   pkg_llm_pi_ai --> pkg_llm
+  pkg_llm_pi_ai --> pkg_timeout
   pkg_session --> pkg_brand
   pkg_session --> pkg_llm
   pkg_session --> pkg_scope
@@ -197,6 +200,10 @@ flowchart TD
   pkg_sandbox_local --> pkg_sandbox
   pkg_sandbox_policy --> pkg_sandbox
   pkg_sandbox_policy --> pkg_session
+  pkg_llm_retry --> pkg_agent
+  pkg_llm_retry --> pkg_llm
+  pkg_llm_retry --> pkg_session
+  pkg_llm_retry --> pkg_timeout
   pkg_bash_local --> pkg_bash
   pkg_bash_local --> pkg_timeout
   pkg_fs_local --> pkg_fs
@@ -335,6 +342,7 @@ flowchart TD
   pkg_acp --> pkg_agent
   pkg_acp --> pkg_bash
   pkg_acp --> pkg_llm
+  pkg_acp --> pkg_llm_retry
   pkg_acp --> pkg_permission
   pkg_acp --> pkg_sandbox
   pkg_acp --> pkg_session
@@ -397,6 +405,7 @@ flowchart TD
   pkg_tui --> pkg_agent
   pkg_tui --> pkg_agent_loop
   pkg_tui --> pkg_llm
+  pkg_tui --> pkg_llm_retry
   pkg_tui --> pkg_session
   pkg_tui --> pkg_tools
   pkg_tui --> pkg_user_interaction
@@ -405,6 +414,7 @@ flowchart TD
   pkg_agent_spine_demo --> pkg_home
   pkg_agent_spine_demo --> pkg_invariants
   pkg_agent_spine_demo --> pkg_llm
+  pkg_agent_spine_demo --> pkg_llm_retry
   pkg_agent_spine_demo --> pkg_session
   pkg_agent_spine_demo --> pkg_skill
   pkg_agent_spine_demo --> pkg_skill_local
@@ -477,8 +487,8 @@ flowchart TD
 | [`helper`](../packages/sdk/helper) | `sdk` | [`brand`](../packages/util/brand) |
 | [`scripts`](../packages/sdk/scripts) | `sdk` | [`app-boot`](../packages/ui/app-boot) |
 | [`telemetry`](../packages/sdk/telemetry) | `sdk` | [`brand`](../packages/util/brand) |
-| [`llm-deepseek`](../packages/llm/llm-deepseek) | `llm` | [`llm`](../packages/llm/llm) |
-| [`llm-pi-ai`](../packages/llm/llm-pi-ai) | `llm` | [`llm`](../packages/llm/llm) |
+| [`llm-deepseek`](../packages/llm/llm-deepseek) | `llm` | [`llm`](../packages/llm/llm), [`timeout`](../packages/util/timeout) |
+| [`llm-pi-ai`](../packages/llm/llm-pi-ai) | `llm` | [`llm`](../packages/llm/llm), [`timeout`](../packages/util/timeout) |
 | [`session`](../packages/core/session) | `core` | [`brand`](../packages/util/brand), [`llm`](../packages/llm/llm), [`scope`](../packages/core/scope) |
 | [`system-prompt`](../packages/core/system-prompt) | `core` | [`llm`](../packages/llm/llm), [`scope`](../packages/core/scope) |
 | [`web`](../packages/web/web) | `web` | [`llm`](../packages/llm/llm) |
@@ -498,6 +508,7 @@ flowchart TD
 | [`llm-replay`](../packages/support/llm-replay) | `support` | [`llm`](../packages/llm/llm), [`session`](../packages/core/session) |
 | [`sandbox-local`](../packages/sandbox/sandbox-local) | `sandbox` | [`llm`](../packages/llm/llm), [`sandbox`](../packages/sandbox/sandbox) |
 | [`sandbox-policy`](../packages/sandbox/sandbox-policy) | `sandbox` | [`sandbox`](../packages/sandbox/sandbox), [`session`](../packages/core/session) |
+| [`llm-retry`](../packages/llm/llm-retry) | `llm` | [`agent`](../packages/core/agent), [`llm`](../packages/llm/llm), [`session`](../packages/core/session), [`timeout`](../packages/util/timeout) |
 | [`bash-local`](../packages/bash/bash-local) | `bash` | [`bash`](../packages/bash/bash), [`timeout`](../packages/util/timeout) |
 | [`fs-local`](../packages/fs/fs-local) | `fs` | [`fs`](../packages/fs/fs) |
 | [`fs-policy`](../packages/fs/fs-policy) | `fs` | [`fs`](../packages/fs/fs) |
@@ -531,7 +542,7 @@ flowchart TD
 | [`tool-cordis`](../packages/cordis/tool-cordis) | `cordis` | [`scope`](../packages/core/scope), [`tools`](../packages/core/tools) |
 | [`hooks-codex`](../packages/hooks/hooks-codex) | `hooks` | [`agent`](../packages/core/agent), [`hook-protocol`](../packages/hooks/hook-protocol), [`llm`](../packages/llm/llm), [`session`](../packages/core/session), [`session-persistence`](../packages/session-persistence/session-persistence), [`tools`](../packages/core/tools) |
 | [`agent-loop-testkit`](../packages/support/agent-loop-testkit) | `support` | [`agent`](../packages/core/agent), [`llm`](../packages/llm/llm), [`session`](../packages/core/session), [`system-prompt`](../packages/core/system-prompt), [`tools`](../packages/core/tools) |
-| [`acp`](../packages/ui/acp) | `ui` | [`agent`](../packages/core/agent), [`bash`](../packages/bash/bash), [`llm`](../packages/llm/llm), [`permission`](../packages/ui/permission), [`sandbox`](../packages/sandbox/sandbox), [`session`](../packages/core/session), [`session-persistence`](../packages/session-persistence/session-persistence), [`system-prompt`](../packages/core/system-prompt), [`tools`](../packages/core/tools), [`user-approval`](../packages/ui/user-approval), [`user-interaction`](../packages/ui/user-interaction) |
+| [`acp`](../packages/ui/acp) | `ui` | [`agent`](../packages/core/agent), [`bash`](../packages/bash/bash), [`llm`](../packages/llm/llm), [`llm-retry`](../packages/llm/llm-retry), [`permission`](../packages/ui/permission), [`sandbox`](../packages/sandbox/sandbox), [`session`](../packages/core/session), [`session-persistence`](../packages/session-persistence/session-persistence), [`system-prompt`](../packages/core/system-prompt), [`tools`](../packages/core/tools), [`user-approval`](../packages/ui/user-approval), [`user-interaction`](../packages/ui/user-interaction) |
 | [`tool-ask-user`](../packages/ui/tool-ask-user) | `ui` | [`agent`](../packages/core/agent), [`tools`](../packages/core/tools), [`user-interaction`](../packages/ui/user-interaction) |
 | [`workspace-context`](../packages/context/workspace-context) | `context` | [`agent`](../packages/core/agent), [`fs`](../packages/fs/fs), [`llm`](../packages/llm/llm), [`paths`](../packages/util/paths), [`session`](../packages/core/session), [`tools`](../packages/core/tools) |
 | [`repeat-tool-guard`](../packages/guard/repeat-tool-guard) | `guard` | [`agent`](../packages/core/agent), [`tools`](../packages/core/tools) |
@@ -543,8 +554,8 @@ flowchart TD
 | [`tool-subagent`](../packages/subagent/tool-subagent) | `subagent` | [`agent`](../packages/core/agent), [`llm`](../packages/llm/llm), [`subagent`](../packages/subagent/subagent), [`tasks`](../packages/tasks/tasks), [`tools`](../packages/core/tools) |
 | [`hooks-claude`](../packages/hooks/hooks-claude) | `hooks` | [`agent`](../packages/core/agent), [`hook-protocol`](../packages/hooks/hook-protocol), [`llm`](../packages/llm/llm), [`session`](../packages/core/session), [`session-persistence`](../packages/session-persistence/session-persistence), [`subagent`](../packages/subagent/subagent), [`tools`](../packages/core/tools) |
 | [`jsonrpc`](../packages/ui/jsonrpc) | `ui` | [`agent`](../packages/core/agent), [`llm`](../packages/llm/llm), [`llm-deepseek`](../packages/llm/llm-deepseek), [`scope`](../packages/core/scope), [`session`](../packages/core/session), [`subagent`](../packages/subagent/subagent) |
-| [`tui`](../packages/ui/tui) | `ui` | [`agent`](../packages/core/agent), [`agent-loop`](../packages/core/agent-loop), [`llm`](../packages/llm/llm), [`session`](../packages/core/session), [`tools`](../packages/core/tools), [`user-interaction`](../packages/ui/user-interaction) |
-| [`agent-spine-demo`](../packages/examples/agent-spine-demo) | `examples` | [`agent`](../packages/core/agent), [`agent-loop`](../packages/core/agent-loop), [`home`](../packages/util/home), [`invariants`](../packages/support/invariants), [`llm`](../packages/llm/llm), [`session`](../packages/core/session), [`skill`](../packages/skill/skill), [`skill-local`](../packages/skill/skill-local), [`system-prompt`](../packages/core/system-prompt), [`tasks`](../packages/tasks/tasks), [`tool-bash`](../packages/bash/tool-bash), [`tool-skill`](../packages/skill/tool-skill), [`tool-tasks`](../packages/tasks/tool-tasks), [`tools`](../packages/core/tools), [`workspace-context`](../packages/context/workspace-context) |
+| [`tui`](../packages/ui/tui) | `ui` | [`agent`](../packages/core/agent), [`agent-loop`](../packages/core/agent-loop), [`llm`](../packages/llm/llm), [`llm-retry`](../packages/llm/llm-retry), [`session`](../packages/core/session), [`tools`](../packages/core/tools), [`user-interaction`](../packages/ui/user-interaction) |
+| [`agent-spine-demo`](../packages/examples/agent-spine-demo) | `examples` | [`agent`](../packages/core/agent), [`agent-loop`](../packages/core/agent-loop), [`home`](../packages/util/home), [`invariants`](../packages/support/invariants), [`llm`](../packages/llm/llm), [`llm-retry`](../packages/llm/llm-retry), [`session`](../packages/core/session), [`skill`](../packages/skill/skill), [`skill-local`](../packages/skill/skill-local), [`system-prompt`](../packages/core/system-prompt), [`tasks`](../packages/tasks/tasks), [`tool-bash`](../packages/bash/tool-bash), [`tool-skill`](../packages/skill/tool-skill), [`tool-tasks`](../packages/tasks/tool-tasks), [`tools`](../packages/core/tools), [`workspace-context`](../packages/context/workspace-context) |
 | [`workflow-workerthread`](../packages/workflow/workflow-workerthread) | `workflow` | [`agent`](../packages/core/agent), [`brand`](../packages/util/brand), [`llm`](../packages/llm/llm), [`session`](../packages/core/session), [`subagent`](../packages/subagent/subagent), [`tools`](../packages/core/tools), [`workflow`](../packages/workflow/workflow) |
 | [`subagent-fork`](../packages/subagent/subagent-fork) | `subagent` | [`agent`](../packages/core/agent), [`session`](../packages/core/session), [`subagent`](../packages/subagent/subagent), [`subagent-inprocess`](../packages/subagent/subagent-inprocess) |
 | [`subagent-spawn`](../packages/subagent/subagent-spawn) | `subagent` | [`subagent`](../packages/subagent/subagent), [`subagent-inprocess`](../packages/subagent/subagent-inprocess) |
diff --git a/docs/persistence-catalog.md b/docs/persistence-catalog.md
index 209fb04d1c..80b0b7196d 100644
--- a/docs/persistence-catalog.md
+++ b/docs/persistence-catalog.md
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ export type SessionEvent<T extends SessionEventType = SessionEventType> = {
 }[T]
 ```
 
-Sources: [`packages/core/session/src/types.ts:263`](../packages/core/session/src/types.ts) · [`packages/core/session/src/types.ts:270`](../packages/core/session/src/types.ts) · [`packages/core/session/src/types.ts:300`](../packages/core/session/src/types.ts) · [`packages/core/session/src/types.ts:332`](../packages/core/session/src/types.ts)
+Sources: [`packages/core/session/src/types.ts:267`](../packages/core/session/src/types.ts) · [`packages/core/session/src/types.ts:274`](../packages/core/session/src/types.ts) · [`packages/core/session/src/types.ts:304`](../packages/core/session/src/types.ts) · [`packages/core/session/src/types.ts:336`](../packages/core/session/src/types.ts)
 
 ## Events
 
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ Source: [`packages/ui/user-approval/src/index.ts:68`](../packages/ui/user-approv
 
 Types: [StreamChunk](core-data-structures/llm-streaming.md)
 
-Source: [`packages/core/session/src/types.ts:227`](../packages/core/session/src/types.ts)
+Source: [`packages/core/session/src/types.ts:231`](../packages/core/session/src/types.ts)
 
 #### `assistant/message` — surface
 
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ Source: [`packages/core/session/src/types.ts:227`](../packages/core/session/src/
 
 Types: [ContentBlock](core-data-structures/core.md) · [TokenUsage](core-data-structures/llm-streaming.md)
 
-Source: [`packages/core/session/src/types.ts:234`](../packages/core/session/src/types.ts)
+Source: [`packages/core/session/src/types.ts:238`](../packages/core/session/src/types.ts)
 
 ### `compact/*`
 
@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ Source: [`packages/compact/compact/src/types.ts:22`](../packages/compact/compact
 
 Types: [ContentBlock](core-data-structures/core.md) · [MessageSource](core-data-structures/core.md)
 
-Source: [`packages/core/session/src/types.ts:221`](../packages/core/session/src/types.ts)
+Source: [`packages/core/session/src/types.ts:225`](../packages/core/session/src/types.ts)
 
 ### `hook/*`
 
@@ -294,6 +294,24 @@ Source: [`packages/hooks/hook-protocol/src/types.ts:19`](../packages/hooks/hook-
 
 Source: [`packages/hooks/hook-protocol/src/types.ts:31`](../packages/hooks/hook-protocol/src/types.ts)
 
+### `llm/*`
+
+#### `llm/retry` — log-only
+
+```ts persistence-catalog
+/** Durable, non-surface record of one transient retry scheduled after a closed failed step. */
+'llm/retry': {
+  turn: number
+  step: number
+  retry: number
+  maxRetries: number
+  delayMs: number
+  failure: LlmFailure
+}
+```
+
+Source: [`packages/llm/llm-retry/src/index.ts:18`](../packages/llm/llm-retry/src/index.ts)
+
 ### `permission/*`
 
 #### `permission/preset` — log-only
@@ -324,7 +342,7 @@ Source: [`packages/ui/permission/src/index.ts:36`](../packages/ui/permission/src
 
 Types: [ContentBlock](core-data-structures/core.md) · [MessageSource](core-data-structures/core.md)
 
-Source: [`packages/core/session/src/types.ts:209`](../packages/core/session/src/types.ts)
+Source: [`packages/core/session/src/types.ts:213`](../packages/core/session/src/types.ts)
 
 ### `request/*`
 
@@ -338,7 +356,7 @@ Source: [`packages/core/session/src/types.ts:209`](../packages/core/session/src/
 'request/header': { header: EpochHeader; reason: RequestHeaderReason }
 ```
 
-Source: [`packages/core/session/src/types.ts:259`](../packages/core/session/src/types.ts)
+Source: [`packages/core/session/src/types.ts:263`](../packages/core/session/src/types.ts)
 
 ### `sandbox/*`
 
@@ -369,7 +387,7 @@ Source: [`packages/sandbox/sandbox-policy/src/session-mode.ts:34`](../packages/s
 
 Types: [ContentBlock](core-data-structures/core.md) · [MessageSource](core-data-structures/core.md)
 
-Source: [`packages/core/session/src/types.ts:252`](../packages/core/session/src/types.ts)
+Source: [`packages/core/session/src/types.ts:256`](../packages/core/session/src/types.ts)
 
 ### `step/*`
 
@@ -380,7 +398,7 @@ Source: [`packages/core/session/src/types.ts:252`](../packages/core/session/src/
 'step/end': { turn: number; step: number }
 ```
 
-Source: [`packages/core/session/src/types.ts:202`](../packages/core/session/src/types.ts)
+Source: [`packages/core/session/src/types.ts:206`](../packages/core/session/src/types.ts)
 
 #### `step/start` — log-only
 
@@ -389,7 +407,7 @@ Source: [`packages/core/session/src/types.ts:202`](../packages/core/session/src/
 'step/start': { turn: number; step: number }
 ```
 
-Source: [`packages/core/session/src/types.ts:200`](../packages/core/session/src/types.ts)
+Source: [`packages/core/session/src/types.ts:204`](../packages/core/session/src/types.ts)
 
 ### `todo/*`
 
@@ -402,7 +420,7 @@ Source: [`packages/core/session/src/types.ts:200`](../packages/core/session/src/
 
 Types: [TodoItem](core-data-structures/session.md)
 
-Source: [`packages/core/session/src/types.ts:254`](../packages/core/session/src/types.ts)
+Source: [`packages/core/session/src/types.ts:258`](../packages/core/session/src/types.ts)
 
 ### `tool/*`
 
@@ -419,7 +437,7 @@ Source: [`packages/core/session/src/types.ts:254`](../packages/core/session/src/
 
 Types: [CallId](core-data-structures/core.md)
 
-Source: [`packages/core/session/src/types.ts:240`](../packages/core/session/src/types.ts)
+Source: [`packages/core/session/src/types.ts:244`](../packages/core/session/src/types.ts)
 
 #### `tool/code-dispatch` — log-only
 
@@ -463,7 +481,7 @@ Source: [`packages/core/tools/src/code-mode.ts:34`](../packages/core/tools/src/c
 
 Types: [CallId](core-data-structures/core.md) · [ContentBlock](core-data-structures/core.md)
 
-Source: [`packages/core/session/src/types.ts:250`](../packages/core/session/src/types.ts)
+Source: [`packages/core/session/src/types.ts:254`](../packages/core/session/src/types.ts)
 
 ### `turn/*`
 
@@ -481,7 +499,7 @@ Source: [`packages/core/session/src/types.ts:250`](../packages/core/session/src/
 
 Types: [TurnEndReason](core-data-structures/session.md)
 
-Source: [`packages/core/session/src/types.ts:198`](../packages/core/session/src/types.ts)
+Source: [`packages/core/session/src/types.ts:202`](../packages/core/session/src/types.ts)
 
 #### `turn/start` — log-only
 
@@ -497,7 +515,7 @@ Source: [`packages/core/session/src/types.ts:198`](../packages/core/session/src/
 
 Types: [TurnTrigger](core-data-structures/session.md)
 
-Source: [`packages/core/session/src/types.ts:191`](../packages/core/session/src/types.ts)
+Source: [`packages/core/session/src/types.ts:195`](../packages/core/session/src/types.ts)
 
 ### `user/*`
 
@@ -510,4 +528,4 @@ Source: [`packages/core/session/src/types.ts:191`](../packages/core/session/src/
 
 Types: [ContentBlock](core-data-structures/core.md) · [MessageSource](core-data-structures/core.md)
 
-Source: [`packages/core/session/src/types.ts:204`](../packages/core/session/src/types.ts)
+Source: [`packages/core/session/src/types.ts:208`](../packages/core/session/src/types.ts)
diff --git a/docs/testing.md b/docs/testing.md
index 19cd60ebdb..c158c9b922 100644
--- a/docs/testing.md
+++ b/docs/testing.md
@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@ We are DeepSeek — do not ration real-API tests. A no-key test proves plumbing;
 
 Mock only the genuinely expensive or non-deterministic boundary (the LLM adapter, the network, the clock); keep everything downstream real. A hand-rolled stand-in proves the bridge moves bytes, not that the shipping tool behaves as asserted — the two drift while the test stays green. Example: bridge tool-call tests run the scripted mock MODEL but the real tool + real executor (`makeBridgeHarness({ withBash: true })` plugs `dsh-bash-local` + `dsh-tool-bash` and runs an actual `echo`).
 
+Recovery tests separate pre/post-chunk failures by step and prove failed chunks derive no message or tool side effect. Cover exhaustion, cancellation, policy composition, persistence, status, wire counts, transport-closing idle timeouts, and shipping Loader composition.
+
 ## Verify the world, not the self-report
 
 An e2e assertion re-runs the command or re-reads the file externally; a keyword probe on the agent's own output lets a cheating agent pass. Assert untouched files are byte-identical. e2e tests own their resources: create the harness in the test, dispose in `afterEach` (even on failure/retry/timeout); shared fixtures live in a plain `tests/harness.ts`, never another `*.e2e.ts` (importing a spec re-registers its `describe` and duplicates real API calls).
diff --git a/examples/acp-agent/tests/snapshots/error-finish/session.jsonl b/examples/acp-agent/tests/snapshots/error-finish/session.jsonl
index 6b6c44ebff..9773e5aa8c 100644
--- a/examples/acp-agent/tests/snapshots/error-finish/session.jsonl
+++ b/examples/acp-agent/tests/snapshots/error-finish/session.jsonl
@@ -4,4 +4,4 @@
 {"type":"step/start","seq":2,"time":0,"data":{"turn":1,"step":1}}
 {"type":"request/header","seq":3,"time":0,"data":{"header":{"config":{"provider":"deepseek","model":"deepseek-v4-flash"},"system":"{{system}}","tools":"{{tools}}"},"reason":"initial"}}
 {"type":"step/end","seq":4,"time":0,"data":{"turn":1,"step":1}}
-{"type":"turn/end","seq":5,"time":0,"data":{"turn":1,"reason":{"kind":"error","step":1,"message":"simulated provider error (HTTP 401)","code":"AUTH"}}}
+{"type":"turn/end","seq":5,"time":0,"data":{"turn":1,"reason":{"kind":"error","step":1,"failure":{"message":"simulated provider error (HTTP 401)","code":"AUTH"}}}}
diff --git a/examples/acp-agent/tests/snapshots/error-finish/stdout.expected.jsonl b/examples/acp-agent/tests/snapshots/error-finish/stdout.expected.jsonl
index 540eb2338a..f941121f12 100644
--- a/examples/acp-agent/tests/snapshots/error-finish/stdout.expected.jsonl
+++ b/examples/acp-agent/tests/snapshots/error-finish/stdout.expected.jsonl
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
 {"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"result":{"protocolVersion":1,"agentInfo":{"name":"deepseek-harness-acp","version":"0.0.1"},"agentCapabilities":{"loadSession":true,"promptCapabilities":{"image":false,"audio":false,"embeddedContext":false}},"authMethods":[]}}
 {"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":2,"result":{"sessionId":"{{sessionId}}","configOptions":[{"id":"model","name":"Model","description":"Sets this session's provider and model.","category":"model","type":"select","currentValue":"[\"deepseek\",\"deepseek-v4-flash\"]","options":[{"value":"[\"deepseek\",\"deepseek-v4-flash\"]","name":"deepseek-v4-flash"},{"value":"[\"deepseek\",\"deepseek-v4-pro\"]","name":"deepseek-v4-pro"}]},{"id":"permission","name":"Permissions","description":"The session permission preset: each choice bundles a sandbox mode and an approval policy.","category":"mode","type":"select","currentValue":"danger-full-access","options":[{"value":"workspace-write","name":"workspace-write","description":"Write inside the workspace and permitted temporary directories; wider retries require approval."},{"value":"danger-full-access","name":"danger-full-access","description":"Full file access without approval prompts."}]}]}}
+{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"session/update","params":{"sessionId":"{{sessionId}}","update":{"sessionUpdate":"agent_message_chunk","content":{"type":"text","text":"\n\n[Model attempt failed; any partial output above is discarded: simulated provider error (HTTP 401)]\n\n"}}}}
 {"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":3,"error":{"code":-32603,"message":"Internal error: turn failed: simulated provider error (HTTP 401)"}}
diff --git a/examples/package.json b/examples/package.json
index 53c392cd4c..f9956c498d 100644
--- a/examples/package.json
+++ b/examples/package.json
@@ -50,5 +50,8 @@
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-web": "workspace:*",
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-web-fetch-local": "workspace:*",
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-workflow-workerthread": "workspace:*"
+  },
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "node-pty": "1.1.0"
   }
 }
diff --git a/examples/tui-agent/tests/pty-harness.ts b/examples/tui-agent/tests/pty-harness.ts
index 21d0b4c9d7..116f7cc9a1 100644
--- a/examples/tui-agent/tests/pty-harness.ts
+++ b/examples/tui-agent/tests/pty-harness.ts
@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ import { spawn } from 'node:child_process'
 import { mkdtemp, rm } from 'node:fs/promises'
 import { tmpdir } from 'node:os'
 import { join } from 'node:path'
-import { resolveExampleLaunch } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-loader-smoke'
+import { resolveExampleLaunch, type ExampleLaunch } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-loader-smoke'
 
-const PTY_DRIVER = String.raw`
+const POSIX_PTY_DRIVER = String.raw`
 import errno, json, os, pty, select, signal, sys, time
 node, launch_args_json, launch_env_json, cwd, actions_json, expected_exit, timeout_seconds = sys.argv[1:]
 env = os.environ.copy()
@@ -71,9 +71,103 @@ export interface TuiPtySmokeOptions {
   readonly timeoutMs?: number
 }
 
+function definedEnv(env: NodeJS.ProcessEnv): Record<string, string> {
+  return Object.fromEntries(
+    Object.entries(env).filter((entry): entry is [string, string] => entry[1] !== undefined),
+  )
+}
+
+async function runPosixPtySmoke(
+  launch: ExampleLaunch,
+  cwd: string,
+  options: TuiPtySmokeOptions,
+  timeoutMs: number,
+): Promise<string> {
+  return await new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+    const child = spawn('python3', [
+      '-c',
+      POSIX_PTY_DRIVER,
+      launch.command,
+      JSON.stringify(launch.args),
+      JSON.stringify(launch.env),
+      cwd,
+      JSON.stringify(options.actions ?? []),
+      String(options.expectedExitCode ?? 0),
+      String(timeoutMs / 1_000),
+    ], { stdio: ['ignore', 'pipe', 'pipe'] })
+    let stdout = ''
+    let stderr = ''
+    child.stdout.setEncoding('utf8')
+    child.stdout.on('data', (chunk: string) => { stdout += chunk })
+    child.stderr.setEncoding('utf8')
+    child.stderr.on('data', (chunk: string) => { stderr += chunk })
+    const timer = setTimeout(() => {
+      child.kill('SIGKILL')
+      reject(new Error(`${options.label} PTY driver did not exit. stdout:\n${stdout}\nstderr:\n${stderr}`))
+    }, timeoutMs + 5_000)
+    child.once('error', (error) => { clearTimeout(timer); reject(error) })
+    child.once('exit', (code) => {
+      clearTimeout(timer)
+      if (code === 0) resolve(stdout)
+      else reject(new Error(`${options.label} PTY driver exited ${String(code)}. stdout:\n${stdout}\nstderr:\n${stderr}`))
+    })
+  })
+}
+
+async function runWindowsPtySmoke(
+  launch: ExampleLaunch,
+  cwd: string,
+  options: TuiPtySmokeOptions,
+  timeoutMs: number,
+): Promise<string> {
+  const pty = await import('node-pty')
+  return await new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+    const actions = options.actions ?? []
+    const expectedExitCode = options.expectedExitCode ?? 0
+    let output = ''
+    let actionIndex = 0
+    let timedOut = false
+    const terminal = pty.spawn(launch.command, launch.args, {
+      name: 'xterm-256color',
+      cols: 100,
+      rows: 30,
+      cwd,
+      env: definedEnv({
+        ...process.env,
+        ...launch.env,
+        COLUMNS: '100',
+        LINES: '30',
+      }),
+    })
+    const timer = setTimeout(() => {
+      timedOut = true
+      terminal.kill()
+    }, timeoutMs)
+    terminal.onData((chunk) => {
+      output += chunk
+      while (actionIndex < actions.length && output.includes(actions[actionIndex]!.waitFor)) {
+        terminal.write(actions[actionIndex]!.send)
+        actionIndex += 1
+      }
+    })
+    terminal.onExit(({ exitCode, signal }) => {
+      clearTimeout(timer)
+      if (timedOut) {
+        reject(new Error(`${options.label} PTY process did not exit before ${String(timeoutMs)}ms. output:\n${output}`))
+      } else if (actionIndex !== actions.length) {
+        reject(new Error(`${options.label} completed ${String(actionIndex)}/${String(actions.length)} PTY actions. output:\n${output}`))
+      } else if (exitCode !== expectedExitCode) {
+        reject(new Error(`${options.label} expected exit ${String(expectedExitCode)}, got ${String(exitCode)} (signal ${String(signal)}). output:\n${output}`))
+      } else {
+        resolve(output)
+      }
+    })
+  })
+}
+
 /**
- * Boot an example in a real pseudo-terminal, drive marker-gated input, and
- * return the captured terminal bytes after the expected process exit.
+ * Boot an example in a real pseudo-terminal (ConPTY on Windows), drive
+ * marker-gated input, and return captured bytes after the expected process exit.
  * @param options - launch paths, environment, actions, and expected exit code.
  * @returns complete pseudo-terminal output.
  */
@@ -92,35 +186,10 @@ export async function runTuiPtySmoke(options: TuiPtySmokeOptions): Promise<strin
         ...options.env,
       },
     })
-    return await new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
-      const child = spawn('python3', [
-        '-c',
-        PTY_DRIVER,
-        launch.command,
-        JSON.stringify(launch.args),
-        JSON.stringify(launch.env),
-        cwd,
-        JSON.stringify(options.actions ?? []),
-        String(options.expectedExitCode ?? 0),
-        String(timeoutMs / 1_000),
-      ], { stdio: ['ignore', 'pipe', 'pipe'] })
-      let stdout = ''
-      let stderr = ''
-      child.stdout.setEncoding('utf8')
-      child.stdout.on('data', (chunk: string) => { stdout += chunk })
-      child.stderr.setEncoding('utf8')
-      child.stderr.on('data', (chunk: string) => { stderr += chunk })
-      const timer = setTimeout(() => {
-        child.kill('SIGKILL')
-        reject(new Error(`${options.label} PTY driver did not exit. stdout:\n${stdout}\nstderr:\n${stderr}`))
-      }, timeoutMs + 5_000)
-      child.once('error', (error) => { clearTimeout(timer); reject(error) })
-      child.once('exit', (code) => {
-        clearTimeout(timer)
-        if (code === 0) resolve(stdout)
-        else reject(new Error(`${options.label} PTY driver exited ${String(code)}. stdout:\n${stdout}\nstderr:\n${stderr}`))
-      })
-    })
+    if (process.platform === 'win32') {
+      return await runWindowsPtySmoke(launch, cwd, options, timeoutMs)
+    }
+    return await runPosixPtySmoke(launch, cwd, options, timeoutMs)
   } finally {
     await rm(cwd, { recursive: true, force: true })
   }
diff --git a/examples/tui-agent/tests/tui-keyless-smoke.e2e.ts b/examples/tui-agent/tests/tui-keyless-smoke.e2e.ts
index 21be35eef5..e2fa7377c6 100644
--- a/examples/tui-agent/tests/tui-keyless-smoke.e2e.ts
+++ b/examples/tui-agent/tests/tui-keyless-smoke.e2e.ts
@@ -8,8 +8,7 @@ const configPath = fileURLToPath(new URL('../cordis.yml', import.meta.url))
 const scriptedConfigPath = fileURLToPath(new URL('./fixtures/tui-scripted.cordis.yml', import.meta.url))
 const tsconfigPath = fileURLToPath(new URL('../../../tsconfig.json', import.meta.url))
 
-// The Python PTY driver imports the POSIX-only pty and termios modules.
-describe.skipIf(process.platform === 'win32')('tui-agent keyless smoke (real Loader tree in a PTY)', () => {
+describe('tui-agent keyless smoke (real Loader tree in a PTY)', () => {
   it('boots pi-tui, renders the configured banner, accepts /exit, and restores the terminal', async () => {
     const output = await runTuiPtySmoke({
       label: 'tui-agent boot',
diff --git a/packages/compact/compact-basic/package.json b/packages/compact/compact-basic/package.json
index 01cc2ab6bf..a8844b1820 100644
--- a/packages/compact/compact-basic/package.json
+++ b/packages/compact/compact-basic/package.json
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-compact": "workspace:^",
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-invariants": "workspace:^",
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm": "workspace:^",
+    "@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm-retry": "workspace:^",
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-session": "workspace:^",
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-token-meter": "workspace:^",
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-compact-tool-result-prune": "workspace:^",
diff --git a/packages/compact/compact-basic/src/index.ts b/packages/compact/compact-basic/src/index.ts
index caa1ed9c5c..5fc02964b8 100644
--- a/packages/compact/compact-basic/src/index.ts
+++ b/packages/compact/compact-basic/src/index.ts
@@ -95,9 +95,10 @@ export class BasicCompactService extends CompactService {
       }
     })
 
-    ctx.on('agent/request-error', async (agent, _turn, _step, error, retryAttempt, signal, next) => {
-      if (error.code !== CONTEXT_WINDOW_EXCEEDED_CODE
-        || retryAttempt >= this.config.maxOverflowRetries
+    ctx.on('agent/request-error', async (agent, _turn, _step, _error, failure, priorFailures, signal, next) => {
+      const priorOverflowFailures = priorFailures.filter(item => item.code === CONTEXT_WINDOW_EXCEEDED_CODE).length
+      if (failure.code !== CONTEXT_WINDOW_EXCEEDED_CODE
+        || priorOverflowFailures >= this.config.maxOverflowRetries
         || signal.aborted) return next()
 
       const generation = agent.session.surface.replaceGeneration
diff --git a/packages/compact/compact-basic/src/summarizer.ts b/packages/compact/compact-basic/src/summarizer.ts
index 62b5f5f5e2..32e308bce4 100644
--- a/packages/compact/compact-basic/src/summarizer.ts
+++ b/packages/compact/compact-basic/src/summarizer.ts
@@ -141,14 +141,10 @@ export function frameSummary(summary: readonly ContentBlock[]): ContentBlock[] {
 /** Map a terminal summarization finish to its fail-closed error. */
 function finishError(finish: FinishReason): Error | undefined {
   switch (finish.kind) {
-    case 'error': {
-      const error = new Error(finish.message) as Error & { code?: string }
-      if (finish.code !== undefined) error.code = finish.code
-      return error
-    }
+    case 'error':
     case 'aborted': {
-      const error = new Error('summarization stream aborted') as Error & { code?: string }
-      error.code = 'ABORTED'
+      const error = new Error(finish.failure.message) as Error & { code?: string }
+      error.code = finish.failure.code
       return error
     }
     case 'max-tokens': {
diff --git a/packages/compact/compact-basic/tests/compact-basic.spec.ts b/packages/compact/compact-basic/tests/compact-basic.spec.ts
index 9098ebef50..d0340e8b0d 100644
--- a/packages/compact/compact-basic/tests/compact-basic.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/compact/compact-basic/tests/compact-basic.spec.ts
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import { toolPairingBalancedAfter, toolPairingBalancedBefore } from '@deepseek-a
 import { resolveConfig } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-compact-basic/src/config.ts'
 import type { CompactionResult } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-compact'
 import LlmService, { CallId, CONTEXT_WINDOW_EXCEEDED_CODE, LlmAdapter } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm'
-import type { ContentBlock, GenerateOptions, StreamChunk } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm'
+import type { ContentBlock, GenerateOptions, LlmFailure, StreamChunk } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm'
 import { Session, SessionId } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-session'
 import TokenMeterService from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-token-meter'
 import ToolResultPruneService from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-compact-tool-result-prune'
@@ -872,9 +872,9 @@ describe('default one-shot summarizer', () => {
   })
 
   it.each([
-    [{ kind: 'error', message: 'provider failed', code: 'PROVIDER' }, 'PROVIDER', /provider failed/],
-    [{ kind: 'error', message: 'opaque' }, undefined, /opaque/],
-    [{ kind: 'aborted' }, 'ABORTED', /aborted/],
+    [{ kind: 'error', failure: { message: 'provider failed', code: 'PROVIDER' } }, 'PROVIDER', /provider failed/],
+    [{ kind: 'error', failure: { message: 'opaque', code: 'UNKNOWN' } }, 'UNKNOWN', /opaque/],
+    [{ kind: 'aborted', failure: { message: 'summarization aborted', code: 'ABORTED' } }, 'ABORTED', /aborted/],
     [{ kind: 'max-tokens' }, 'MAX_TOKENS', /token cap/],
   ] as Array<[(StreamChunk & { type: 'finish' })['reason'], string | undefined, RegExp]>) (
     'rejects terminal finish %#',
@@ -912,7 +912,9 @@ describe('automatic listener and loader composition', () => {
     signal = SIGNAL,
     next: () => Promise<{ action: 'fail' | 'retry' }> = () => Promise.resolve({ action: 'fail' }),
   ): Promise<{ action: 'fail' | 'retry' }> {
-    return ctx.waterfall('agent/request-error', owner, 1, 1, error, retryAttempt, signal, next)
+    const failure: LlmFailure = { message: error.message, code: error.code ?? 'UNKNOWN' }
+    const priorFailures = Object.freeze(Array.from({ length: retryAttempt }, () => failure))
+    return ctx.waterfall('agent/request-error', owner, 1, 1, error, failure, priorFailures, signal, next)
   }
 
   function overflow(message = 'provider overflow'): Error & { code: string } {
diff --git a/packages/compact/compact-basic/tests/compact-loop-repro.spec.ts b/packages/compact/compact-basic/tests/compact-loop-repro.spec.ts
index 1327f073c5..e899979f46 100644
--- a/packages/compact/compact-basic/tests/compact-loop-repro.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/compact/compact-basic/tests/compact-loop-repro.spec.ts
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import { mountAgentLoopTestDependencies } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-agent-loop-test
 import * as Invariants from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-invariants'
 import { BasicCompactService } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-compact-basic'
 import TokenMeterService from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-token-meter'
+import * as LlmRetry from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm-retry'
 import { SessionId, type SurfaceEvent } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-session'
 
 /**
@@ -61,7 +62,10 @@ class OverflowRecoveryAdapter extends LlmAdapter {
   readonly conversationRequests: GenerateOptions[] = []
   readonly summaryRequests: GenerateOptions[] = []
 
-  constructor(private readonly delivery: 'thrown' | 'in-band') {
+  constructor(
+    private readonly delivery: 'thrown' | 'in-band',
+    private readonly transientAfterOverflow = false,
+  ) {
     super()
   }
 
@@ -83,12 +87,17 @@ class OverflowRecoveryAdapter extends LlmAdapter {
         type: 'finish',
         reason: {
           kind: 'error',
-          message: 'request too large for model context',
-          code: CONTEXT_WINDOW_EXCEEDED_CODE,
+          failure: {
+            message: 'request too large for model context',
+            code: CONTEXT_WINDOW_EXCEEDED_CODE,
+          },
         },
       }
       return
     }
+    if (this.transientAfterOverflow && this.conversationRequests.length === 2) {
+      throw new LlmError('temporary provider outage', 'SERVER')
+    }
     yield { type: 'block-start', index: 0, blockType: 'text' }
     yield { type: 'block-end', index: 0, block: { type: 'text', text: 'recovered' } }
     yield { type: 'finish', reason: { kind: 'stop' } }
@@ -134,6 +143,29 @@ function waitForIdle(ctx: Context, agent: Agent): Promise<void> {
   })
 }
 
+function seedOverflowHistory(agent: Agent): void {
+  for (let turn = 1; turn <= 2; turn += 1) {
+    const sentinel = turn === 1 ? 'OLD HISTORY SENTINEL' : 'RECENT HISTORY'
+    agent.session.append('turn/start', {
+      turn,
+      trigger: { kind: 'message', source: { kind: 'user' } },
+    })
+    agent.session.append('user/message', {
+      content: [{ type: 'text', text: `${sentinel} ${'old context '.repeat(200)}` }],
+      source: { kind: 'user' },
+    }, { surfaceOp: 'append' })
+    agent.session.append('step/start', { turn, step: 1 })
+    agent.session.append('assistant/message', {
+      provenance: { provider: 'mock', model: 'mock' },
+      turn,
+      step: 1,
+      content: [{ type: 'text', text: `historical response ${turn} ${'detail '.repeat(200)}` }],
+    }, { surfaceOp: 'append' })
+    agent.session.append('step/end', { turn, step: 1 })
+    agent.session.append('turn/end', { turn, reason: { kind: 'completed' } })
+  }
+}
+
 describe('CBR-001: a real-loop checkpoint is a valid boundary on both sides', () => {
   it('uses the model actually routed by agent/request for post-step pressure', async () => {
     const { ctx } = await harness(8)
@@ -241,26 +273,7 @@ describe('context-overflow recovery across the real loop and compact-basic', ()
           provider: 'unconfigured-agent-fallback',
           model: 'unconfigured-agent-fallback',
         })
-        for (let turn = 1; turn <= 2; turn += 1) {
-          const sentinel = turn === 1 ? 'OLD HISTORY SENTINEL' : 'RECENT HISTORY'
-          agent.session.append('turn/start', {
-            turn,
-            trigger: { kind: 'message', source: { kind: 'user' } },
-          })
-          agent.session.append('user/message', {
-            content: [{ type: 'text', text: `${sentinel} ${'old context '.repeat(200)}` }],
-            source: { kind: 'user' },
-          }, { surfaceOp: 'append' })
-          agent.session.append('step/start', { turn, step: 1 })
-          agent.session.append('assistant/message', {
-            provenance: { provider: 'mock', model: 'mock' },
-            turn,
-            step: 1,
-            content: [{ type: 'text', text: `historical response ${turn} ${'detail '.repeat(200)}` }],
-          }, { surfaceOp: 'append' })
-          agent.session.append('step/end', { turn, step: 1 })
-          agent.session.append('turn/end', { turn, reason: { kind: 'completed' } })
-        }
+        seedOverflowHistory(agent)
 
         agent.send([{ type: 'text', text: 'continue from history' }])
         await agent.whenIdle()
@@ -299,4 +312,47 @@ describe('context-overflow recovery across the real loop and compact-basic', ()
       }
     },
   )
+
+  it('keeps context-overflow and transient retry budgets independent in one sequence', async () => {
+    const ctx = new Context()
+    const adapter = new OverflowRecoveryAdapter('thrown', true)
+    await mountAgentLoopTestDependencies(ctx)
+    await ctx.plugin(Invariants)
+    await ctx.plugin(LlmRetry, {
+      maxTransientRetries: 1,
+      initialDelayMs: 1,
+      maxDelayMs: 1,
+      jitterRatio: 0,
+    })
+    await ctx.plugin(AgentLoop, { agents: [] })
+    await ctx.plugin(TokenMeterService, { contextWindow: 128 })
+    ctx.llm.registerAdapter(['mock'], adapter)
+    await ctx.plugin(BasicCompactService, {
+      thresholdRatio: 1,
+      retainTokens: 100,
+      maxTokens: 64,
+      compactionRetries: 0,
+      maxOverflowRetries: 1,
+    })
+
+    try {
+      const agent = ctx.agentLoop.create(SessionId('alternating-recovery'), { provider: 'mock', model: 'mock' })
+      seedOverflowHistory(agent)
+      agent.send([{ type: 'text', text: 'continue from history' }])
+      await agent.whenIdle()
+
+      expect(adapter.conversationRequests).toHaveLength(3)
+      expect(adapter.summaryRequests).toHaveLength(1)
+      expect(agent.session.events.filter(event => event.type === 'llm/retry').map(event => event.data))
+        .toEqual([expect.objectContaining({ step: 2, retry: 1, failure: { message: 'temporary provider outage', code: 'SERVER' } })])
+      expect(agent.session.events.filter(event => event.type === 'step/start').slice(-3).map(event => event.data.step))
+        .toEqual([1, 2, 3])
+      expect(agent.session.events.at(-1)).toMatchObject({
+        type: 'turn/end',
+        data: { reason: { kind: 'completed' } },
+      })
+    } finally {
+      await ctx.fiber.dispose()
+    }
+  })
 })
diff --git a/packages/cordis/tool-cordis/src/api-catalog.ts b/packages/cordis/tool-cordis/src/api-catalog.ts
index e4eb85c043..5705247a8a 100644
--- a/packages/cordis/tool-cordis/src/api-catalog.ts
+++ b/packages/cordis/tool-cordis/src/api-catalog.ts
@@ -695,8 +695,8 @@ export const EVENT_API: readonly EventApiEntry[] = [
   {
     name: 'agent/request-error',
     mode: 'waterfall',
-    signature: '\'agent/request-error\'(this: Scoped<Agent>, agent: Agent, turn: number, step: number, error: RequestError, retryAttempt: number, signal: AbortSignal, next: () => Promise<RequestErrorDecision>): Promise<RequestErrorDecision>',
-    jsDoc: '/**\n * Recover a model-request failure after its failed step has closed. `retry`\n * opens a new numbered step; `fail` preserves the original request error.\n * Call `next()` to delegate to the next recovery listener or the default.\n * @param agent - the agent whose request failed.\n * @param turn - the open turn number.\n * @param step - the failed step number.\n * @param error - the original model-request failure.\n * @param retryAttempt - zero-based number of prior recovery retries.\n * @param signal - the turn abort signal.\n * Scope-filtered dispatch (`@deepseek-ai/dsh-scope`): agent-scoped listeners receive only that agent.\n * @mode waterfall\n */',
+    signature: '\'agent/request-error\'(this: Scoped<Agent>, agent: Agent, turn: number, step: number, error: RequestError, failure: LlmFailure, priorFailures: readonly LlmFailure[], signal: AbortSignal, next: () => Promise<RequestErrorDecision>): Promise<RequestErrorDecision>',
+    jsDoc: '/**\n * Recover a model-request failure after its failed step has closed. `retry`\n * opens a new numbered step; `fail` preserves the original request error.\n * Call `next()` to delegate to the next recovery listener or the default.\n * @param agent - the agent whose request failed.\n * @param turn - the open turn number.\n * @param step - the failed step number.\n * @param error - the original model-request failure.\n * @param failure - serializable facts normalized at the final adapter boundary.\n * @param priorFailures - immutable failures that already authorized another request in this consecutive sequence.\n * @param signal - the turn abort signal.\n * Scope-filtered dispatch (`@deepseek-ai/dsh-scope`): agent-scoped listeners receive only that agent.\n * @mode waterfall\n */',
     summary: 'Recover a model-request failure after its failed step has closed.',
   },
   {
@@ -1133,7 +1133,7 @@ export const TYPE_API: readonly TypeApiEntry[] = [
   },
   {
     name: 'FinishReasonMap',
-    declaration: 'export interface FinishReasonMap {\n    \'stop\': {\n        kind: \'stop\';\n    };\n    \'tool-calls\': {\n        kind: \'tool-calls\';\n    };\n    \'max-tokens\': {\n        kind: \'max-tokens\';\n    };\n    \'aborted\': {\n        kind: \'aborted\';\n    };\n    \'error\': {\n        kind: \'error\';\n        message: string;\n        code?: string;\n    };\n}',
+    declaration: 'export interface FinishReasonMap {\n    \'stop\': {\n        kind: \'stop\';\n    };\n    \'tool-calls\': {\n        kind: \'tool-calls\';\n    };\n    \'max-tokens\': {\n        kind: \'max-tokens\';\n    };\n    \'aborted\': {\n        kind: \'aborted\';\n        failure: LlmFailure;\n    };\n    \'error\': {\n        kind: \'error\';\n        failure: LlmFailure;\n    };\n}',
   },
   {
     name: 'FsDirEntry',
@@ -1203,6 +1203,10 @@ export const TYPE_API: readonly TypeApiEntry[] = [
     name: 'LlmCallConfig',
     declaration: 'export interface LlmCallConfig {\n    provider: string;\n    model: string;\n    temperature?: number;\n    maxTokens?: number;\n    stop?: string[];\n}',
   },
+  {
+    name: 'LlmFailure',
+    declaration: 'export interface LlmFailure {\n    readonly message: string;\n    readonly code: string;\n    readonly status?: number;\n    readonly providerRetryAfterMs?: number;\n    readonly requestId?: ProviderRequestId;\n}',
+  },
   {
     name: 'LlmModelInfo',
     declaration: 'export interface LlmModelInfo {\n    provider: string;\n    id: string;\n    name: string;\n    description?: string;\n}',
@@ -1239,6 +1243,10 @@ export const TYPE_API: readonly TypeApiEntry[] = [
     name: 'PromptSection',
     declaration: 'export interface PromptSection {\n    readonly name: string;\n    readonly order: number;\n    readonly text: string | ((context: AssembleContext) => string);\n}',
   },
+  {
+    name: 'ProviderRequestId',
+    declaration: 'export type ProviderRequestId = Branded<\'ProviderRequestId\'>;',
+  },
   {
     name: 'PrunedEntry',
     declaration: 'export interface PrunedEntry {\n    readonly originalSeq: number;\n    readonly replacementSeq: number;\n    readonly callId: CallId;\n    readonly charsBefore: number;\n    readonly charsAfter: number;\n}',
@@ -1593,7 +1601,7 @@ export const TYPE_API: readonly TypeApiEntry[] = [
   },
   {
     name: 'TurnEndReasonMap',
-    declaration: 'export interface TurnEndReasonMap {\n    completed: {\n        kind: \'completed\';\n    };\n    aborted: {\n        kind: \'aborted\';\n        reason?: string;\n    };\n    error: {\n        kind: \'error\';\n        step: number;\n        message: string;\n        code?: string;\n    };\n    disposed: {\n        kind: \'disposed\';\n    };\n    \'max-tokens\': {\n        kind: \'max-tokens\';\n    };\n    rejected: {\n        kind: \'rejected\';\n        reason: string;\n    };\n    interrupted: {\n        kind: \'interrupted\';\n    };\n}',
+    declaration: 'export interface TurnEndReasonMap {\n    completed: {\n        kind: \'completed\';\n    };\n    aborted: {\n        kind: \'aborted\';\n        reason?: string;\n    };\n    error: {\n        kind: \'error\';\n        step: number;\n    } & ({\n        failure: LlmFailure;\n        message?: never;\n        code?: never;\n    } | {\n        message: string;\n        code?: string;\n        failure?: never;\n    });\n    disposed: {\n        kind: \'disposed\';\n    };\n    \'max-tokens\': {\n        kind: \'max-tokens\';\n    };\n    rejected: {\n        kind: \'rejected\';\n        reason: string;\n    };\n    interrupted: {\n        kind: \'interrupted\';\n    };\n}',
   },
   {
     name: 'TurnTrigger',
diff --git a/packages/core/agent-loop/README.md b/packages/core/agent-loop/README.md
index acb49b1ba5..696b3a2cf7 100644
--- a/packages/core/agent-loop/README.md
+++ b/packages/core/agent-loop/README.md
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ The driver owns one agent for its lifetime and runs inside `ctx.agents.withIniti
 
 Every provider call that reaches a successful finish appends exactly one `assistant/message` completion anchor, including content-less calls and `max-tokens` finishes. A successful `agent/step-result` stores its transformed content; a rejected result records empty content before the original failure continues. The anchor retains exact chunk provenance (`[]` for a stream with no chunks) and usage when available, while empty content stays out of derived message history.
 
-Plugin failure ends the current turn, not the loop. Only final adapter dispatch/iteration failures and terminal in-band error or aborted finishes enter `agent/request-error`; middleware, result processing, tools, and `agent/post-step` remain ordinary turn failures. Recovery observes a closed failed step, and a retry rebuilds the request from the durable log in a new numbered step. Cancellation clears pending work and aborts the current step without leaking to the next prompt; undispatched model tool calls receive synthetic `tool/call` and aborted result pairs. Terminal continuation stops remain authoritative through turn close and durability flush.
+Plugin failure ends the current turn, not the loop. Only final adapter dispatch/iteration failures and terminal in-band error or aborted finishes enter `agent/request-error`; middleware, result processing, tools, and `agent/post-step` remain ordinary turn failures. Recovery receives the exact live error, immutable provider facts, and immutable prior failures after the failed step closes. A retry rebuilds from the durable log in a new numbered step, success clears the consecutive history, and exhaustion records the structured failure once on `turn/end`. Cancellation clears pending work and aborts the current step without leaking to the next prompt; undispatched model tool calls receive synthetic `tool/call` and aborted result pairs. Terminal continuation stops remain authoritative through turn close and durability flush.
 
 Within a step, exclusive calls form barriers; parallel-safe calls use a bounded rolling pool and are reclassified before start. Only dispatch/body overlaps. Policy, durable results, and result context remain model-ordered. Abort stops new calls, drains started results, then drains accepted batch context before the turn closes through the normal abort path.
 
@@ -65,6 +65,7 @@ Within a step, exclusive calls form barriers; parallel-safe calls use a bounded
 Everything that goes beyond "call the model, run the tools, repeat" belongs to plugins listening on the event taxonomy:
 - Hooks and policy: the relevant `agent/*` checkpoints plus the guarded `tools/pre-execute` → `tools/execute` → `tools/post-execute` → `tools/result` pipeline; exact signatures and modes live in the [generated event catalog](../../../docs/cordis-catalog/events.md)
 - Compaction: pressure on `agent/post-step`; canonical context overflow on `agent/request-error`
+- Transient model recovery: `dsh-llm-retry` on `agent/request-error`, with finite code-specific budgets and non-surface `llm/retry` status events
 - Sandbox, permission, plan mode: `tools/pre-execute` for extensible deny/ask, `tools.guard()` for monotonic owner policy, `tools/post-execute` for result decisions, and `tools/result` for final observation
 - Sub-agents: implemented outside the loop as `ctx.subagents` providers; in-process providers use `ctx.agents.create()` and owned `AgentHandle` teardown, while generic [`ctx.tasks`](../../tasks/tasks/) plus [`dsh-tool-subagent`](../../subagent/tool-subagent/) own background collection.
 - Persistence: `session/event` + `session/flush`
diff --git a/packages/core/agent-loop/src/loop.ts b/packages/core/agent-loop/src/loop.ts
index f7e907ae83..97a32e2f38 100644
--- a/packages/core/agent-loop/src/loop.ts
+++ b/packages/core/agent-loop/src/loop.ts
@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@
  */
 
 import type { Context } from 'cordis'
-import type { ContentBlock, FinishReason, GenerateOptions, LlmCallConfig, Message } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm'
+import type { ContentBlock, FinishReason, GenerateOptions, LlmCallConfig, LlmFailure, Message } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm'
 import { isDeepStrictEqual } from 'node:util'
-import { BlockAssembler, HarnessError, assertNever, deepFreeze, errorChain, isLlmAdapterFailure } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm'
+import { BlockAssembler, HarnessError, LlmError, assertNever, deepFreeze, errorChain, llmFailureOf } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm'
 import { agentEvents, assembleContextFor } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-agent'
 import type { AgentEventDispatch, ContinuationDecision, HookContext, PromptDecision, RequestError, RequestErrorDecision } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-agent'
 import { canonicalHeader } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-session'
@@ -28,24 +28,29 @@ function toError(error: unknown): RequestError {
 
 /** Distinguishes final model-request failures from failures in later step processing. */
 class TerminalModelRequestFailure extends Error {
-  constructor(readonly requestError: RequestError) {
-    super(requestError.message, { cause: requestError })
+  constructor(
+    readonly requestError: RequestError,
+    readonly failure: LlmFailure,
+  ) {
+    super(failure.message, { cause: requestError })
     this.name = 'TerminalModelRequestFailure'
   }
 }
 
 /** Convert terminal failure finishes into step errors; unknown extensible finishes remain successful. */
-function finishError(finish: FinishReason): RequestError | undefined {
+function finishError(finish: FinishReason): { error: RequestError; failure: LlmFailure } | undefined {
   switch (finish.kind) {
-    case 'error': {
-      const error: RequestError = new Error(finish.message)
-      if (finish.code !== undefined) error.code = finish.code
-      return error
-    }
+    case 'error':
     case 'aborted': {
-      const error: RequestError = new Error('model stream aborted')
-      error.code = 'ABORTED'
-      return error
+      const facts = finish.failure
+      const error = new LlmError(facts.message, facts.code, {
+        ...facts.status === undefined ? {} : { status: facts.status },
+        ...facts.providerRetryAfterMs === undefined
+          ? {}
+          : { providerRetryAfterMs: facts.providerRetryAfterMs },
+        ...facts.requestId === undefined ? {} : { requestId: facts.requestId },
+      })
+      return { error, failure: error.failure }
     }
     // stop / tool-calls / max-tokens / plugin-added kinds → not a failure.
     default:
@@ -64,6 +69,12 @@ function errorData(err: RequestError): { message: string; code?: string } {
   return { message: errorChain(err), ...typeof err.code === 'string' ? { code: err.code } : {} }
 }
 
+/** Preserve cause diagnostics, falling back to adapter-normalized prose for a hostile Error. */
+function durableFailure(err: RequestError, failure: LlmFailure): LlmFailure {
+  const message = errorChain(err)
+  return { ...failure, message: message === '<unrenderable value>' ? failure.message : message }
+}
+
 /** Map a successful max-token finish onto the turn reason; other successful finishes add nothing. */
 function stepFinishReason(finish: FinishReason): TurnEndReason | undefined {
   switch (finish.kind) {
@@ -208,7 +219,7 @@ async function runTurn(
 
   let reason: TurnEndReason = { kind: 'completed' }
   let step = 0
-  let requestRetryAttempt = 0
+  let requestFailureHistory: readonly LlmFailure[] = Object.freeze([])
   let stepOpen = false
   let errorReported = false
   let terminalStopped = false
@@ -221,10 +232,12 @@ async function runTurn(
   }
 
   // Record the durable turn failure once and contain the live error notification.
-  const failTurn = (err: RequestError): void => {
+  const failTurn = (err: RequestError, failure?: LlmFailure): void => {
     if (errorReported) return
     errorReported = true
-    reason = { kind: 'error', step, ...errorData(err) }
+    reason = failure === undefined
+      ? { kind: 'error', step, ...errorData(err) }
+      : { kind: 'error', step, failure: durableFailure(err, failure) }
     try {
       events.emit('agent/error', turn, step, err)
     } catch {
@@ -350,14 +363,14 @@ async function runTurn(
 
       let stepOutcome:
         | { hadToolCalls: boolean; finish: FinishReason }
-        | { requestError: RequestError }
+        | { requestError: RequestError; failure: LlmFailure }
         | { error: RequestError }
       try {
         stepOutcome = await runStep(
           ctx, events, handle, turn, step, assembly, fullSystemPrompt, boundaryMessages, transmission, abort.signal)
       } catch (error: unknown) {
         if (error instanceof TerminalModelRequestFailure) {
-          stepOutcome = { requestError: error.requestError }
+          stepOutcome = { requestError: error.requestError, failure: error.failure }
         } else {
           stepOutcome = { error: toError(error) }
         }
@@ -380,7 +393,7 @@ async function runTurn(
         try {
           recoveryDecision = await events.waterfall(
             'agent/request-error', turn, step, stepOutcome.requestError,
-            requestRetryAttempt, abort.signal,
+            stepOutcome.failure, requestFailureHistory, abort.signal,
             () => Promise.resolve(defaultDecision),
           )
         } catch (recoveryError: unknown) {
@@ -401,10 +414,10 @@ async function runTurn(
         }
         switch (recoveryDecision.action) {
           case 'retry':
-            requestRetryAttempt += 1
+            requestFailureHistory = Object.freeze([...requestFailureHistory, stepOutcome.failure])
             continue
           case 'fail':
-            failTurn(stepOutcome.requestError)
+            failTurn(stepOutcome.requestError, stepOutcome.failure)
             break
           /* v8 ignore next -- closed-union exhaustiveness guard */
           default:
@@ -432,7 +445,7 @@ async function runTurn(
         break
       }
 
-      requestRetryAttempt = 0
+      requestFailureHistory = Object.freeze([])
 
       // Preserve max-token completion unless a later disposal, abort, or error wins.
       const stepReason = stepFinishReason(stepOutcome.finish)
@@ -632,13 +645,14 @@ async function runStep(
       assembler.push(chunk)
     }
   } catch (error: unknown) {
-    if (isLlmAdapterFailure(stream, error)) throw new TerminalModelRequestFailure(error)
+    const failure = llmFailureOf(stream, error)
+    if (failure !== undefined && error instanceof Error) throw new TerminalModelRequestFailure(error, failure)
     throw error
   }
 
   // Normalize failure finish chunks into the same path as thrown stream errors.
   const stepError = finishError(assembler.finish)
-  if (stepError) throw new TerminalModelRequestFailure(stepError)
+  if (stepError) throw new TerminalModelRequestFailure(stepError.error, stepError.failure)
 
   const recordAssistantMessage = (
     assembledContent: ContentBlock[],
diff --git a/packages/core/agent-loop/tests/contract-regressions.spec.ts b/packages/core/agent-loop/tests/contract-regressions.spec.ts
index b436c4468b..f563afa796 100644
--- a/packages/core/agent-loop/tests/contract-regressions.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/core/agent-loop/tests/contract-regressions.spec.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest'
 import { Context } from 'cordis'
-import LlmService, { CallId, ContentBlock, MessageSource, StreamChunk } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm'
+import LlmService, { CallId, ContentBlock, MessageSource, ProviderRequestId, StreamChunk } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm'
 import SessionStore, { Session, SessionEvent, SessionId, TurnEndReason } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-session'
 import SystemPrompt from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-system-prompt'
 import ToolRegistry, { defineTool, type PostToolDecision } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-tools'
@@ -945,8 +945,15 @@ describe('discriminated SessionEvent narrows without casts', () => {
 describe('a finish-error stream chunk ends the turn as error, not completed', () => {
   it('translates finish {kind:error} into a turn error with a logged error event', async () => {
     // A finish-error chunk must not produce a completed assistant turn.
+    const failure = {
+      message: 'provider 401',
+      code: 'AUTH',
+      status: 401,
+      providerRetryAfterMs: 2_000,
+      requestId: ProviderRequestId('finish-request-1'),
+    }
     const errorStream: StreamChunk[] = [
-      { type: 'finish', reason: { kind: 'error', message: 'provider 401', code: 'AUTH' } },
+      { type: 'finish', reason: { kind: 'error', failure } },
     ]
     const adapter = new MockAdapter([errorStream])
     const ctx = await harness(adapter)
@@ -958,20 +965,20 @@ describe('a finish-error stream chunk ends the turn as error, not completed', ()
     send(agent, 'go')
     await waitForIdle(ctx, agent)
 
-    expect(reasons).toEqual([{ kind: 'error', step: 1, message: 'provider 401', code: 'AUTH' }])
+    expect(reasons).toEqual([{ kind: 'error', step: 1, failure }])
 
     const events = [...agent.session.events]
     // The durable failure lives on turn/end.reason (with the failing step), not
     // a standalone error event.
     const turnEnd = events.find(event => event.type === 'turn/end')
-    expect(turnEnd?.type === 'turn/end' && turnEnd.data.reason).toEqual({ kind: 'error', step: 1, message: 'provider 401', code: 'AUTH' })
+    expect(turnEnd?.type === 'turn/end' && turnEnd.data.reason).toEqual({ kind: 'error', step: 1, failure })
     // A failed step must not synthesize an assistant message.
     expect(events.some(event => event.type === 'assistant/message')).toBe(false)
   })
 
   it('translates finish {kind:aborted} into a turn error coded ABORTED', async () => {
     const abortedStream: StreamChunk[] = [
-      { type: 'finish', reason: { kind: 'aborted' } },
+      { type: 'finish', reason: { kind: 'aborted', failure: { message: 'model stream aborted', code: 'ABORTED' } } },
     ]
     const adapter = new MockAdapter([abortedStream])
     const ctx = await harness(adapter)
@@ -983,13 +990,13 @@ describe('a finish-error stream chunk ends the turn as error, not completed', ()
     send(agent, 'go')
     await waitForIdle(ctx, agent)
 
-    expect(reasons).toEqual([{ kind: 'error', step: 1, message: 'model stream aborted', code: 'ABORTED' }])
+    expect(reasons).toEqual([{ kind: 'error', step: 1, failure: { message: 'model stream aborted', code: 'ABORTED' } }])
     expect([...agent.session.events].some(event => event.type === 'assistant/message')).toBe(false)
   })
 
   it('handles a finish error without a code (code key omitted)', async () => {
     const errorStream: StreamChunk[] = [
-      { type: 'finish', reason: { kind: 'error', message: 'codeless failure' } },
+      { type: 'finish', reason: { kind: 'error', failure: { message: 'codeless failure', code: 'UNKNOWN' } } },
     ]
     const adapter = new MockAdapter([errorStream])
     const ctx = await harness(adapter)
@@ -1001,7 +1008,7 @@ describe('a finish-error stream chunk ends the turn as error, not completed', ()
     send(agent, 'go')
     await waitForIdle(ctx, agent)
 
-    expect(reasons).toEqual([{ kind: 'error', step: 1, message: 'codeless failure' }])
+    expect(reasons).toEqual([{ kind: 'error', step: 1, failure: { message: 'codeless failure', code: 'UNKNOWN' } }])
   })
 })
 
@@ -1121,7 +1128,7 @@ describe('turn and step boundary recovery', () => {
   })
 
   it('a one-shot turn/end validation failure preserves the earlier turn error on retry', async () => {
-    const errorStream: StreamChunk[] = [{ type: 'finish', reason: { kind: 'error', message: 'provider failed' } }]
+    const errorStream: StreamChunk[] = [{ type: 'finish', reason: { kind: 'error', failure: { message: 'provider failed', code: 'UNKNOWN' } } }]
     const adapter = new MockAdapter([errorStream])
     const ctx = await balancedHarness(adapter)
     const agent = ctx.agentLoop.create(SessionId('a-turnend-veto'), { provider: 'mock', model: 'mock' })
@@ -1151,7 +1158,7 @@ describe('turn and step boundary recovery', () => {
     const turnEnd = agent.session.events.findLast(event => event.type === 'turn/end')
     expect(turnEnd?.type === 'turn/end' && turnEnd.data.reason).toMatchObject({
       kind: 'error',
-      message: 'provider failed',
+      failure: { message: 'provider failed', code: 'UNKNOWN' },
     })
   })
 
@@ -1187,7 +1194,7 @@ describe('turn and step boundary recovery', () => {
 
   it('a throwing agent/error listener during a step-error path still balances the turn, loop survives', async () => {
     // Listener failure cannot interrupt error finalization or the next turn.
-    const errorStream: StreamChunk[] = [{ type: 'finish', reason: { kind: 'error', message: 'provider 500' } }]
+    const errorStream: StreamChunk[] = [{ type: 'finish', reason: { kind: 'error', failure: { message: 'provider 500', code: 'SERVER' } } }]
     const adapter = new MockAdapter([errorStream, textResponse('turn 2 ok')])
     const ctx = await balancedHarness(adapter)
     const agent = ctx.agentLoop.create(SessionId('a-errorlistener'), { provider: 'mock', model: 'mock' })
@@ -1203,7 +1210,11 @@ describe('turn and step boundary recovery', () => {
     expect(c.turnStart).toBe(1)
     expect(c.turnEnd).toBe(1)
     expect(c.stepStart).toBe(c.stepEnd)
-    expect(c.lastTurnEnd?.type === 'turn/end' && c.lastTurnEnd.data.reason).toMatchObject({ kind: 'error', step: 1, message: 'provider 500' })
+    expect(c.lastTurnEnd?.type === 'turn/end' && c.lastTurnEnd.data.reason).toMatchObject({
+      kind: 'error',
+      step: 1,
+      failure: { message: 'provider 500', code: 'SERVER' },
+    })
 
     // loop survives: a second turn runs to completion (invariants oracle would
     // throw on its turn/start if turn 1 had been left open).
@@ -1348,7 +1359,7 @@ describe('turn and step boundary recovery', () => {
 
   it('a throwing step/end observer cannot interrupt error finalization', async () => {
     // Observer failure after step/end commit cannot interrupt turn finalization.
-    const errorStream: StreamChunk[] = [{ type: 'finish', reason: { kind: 'error', message: 'provider 500' } }]
+    const errorStream: StreamChunk[] = [{ type: 'finish', reason: { kind: 'error', failure: { message: 'provider 500', code: 'SERVER' } } }]
     const adapter = new MockAdapter([errorStream, textResponse('turn 2 ok')])
     const ctx = await harness(adapter)
     const agent = ctx.agentLoop.create(SessionId('a-stependthrow'), { provider: 'mock', model: 'mock' })
diff --git a/packages/core/agent-loop/tests/coverage-edges.spec.ts b/packages/core/agent-loop/tests/coverage-edges.spec.ts
index 85f99e8a66..ac7f301525 100644
--- a/packages/core/agent-loop/tests/coverage-edges.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/core/agent-loop/tests/coverage-edges.spec.ts
@@ -187,7 +187,9 @@ describe('toError normalization', () => {
     // String() of { code: 500 } is '[object Object]'
     expect(errors[0]!.message).toBe('[object Object]')
     const turnEnd = agent.session.events.find(e => e.type === 'turn/end')
-    expect(turnEnd?.type === 'turn/end' && turnEnd.data.reason.kind === 'error' && turnEnd.data.reason.code).toBe('UNKNOWN')
+    expect(turnEnd?.type === 'turn/end' && turnEnd.data.reason.kind === 'error'
+      && ('failure' in turnEnd.data.reason ? turnEnd.data.reason.failure.code : turnEnd.data.reason.code))
+      .toBe('UNKNOWN')
   })
 })
 
@@ -218,7 +220,8 @@ describe('coded error data emission', () => {
     const turnEnd = agent.session.events.find(e => e.type === 'turn/end')
     expect(turnEnd).toBeDefined()
     if (turnEnd?.type === 'turn/end' && turnEnd.data.reason.kind === 'error') {
-      expect(turnEnd.data.reason.code).toBe('RATE_LIMIT')
+      expect('failure' in turnEnd.data.reason ? turnEnd.data.reason.failure.code : turnEnd.data.reason.code)
+        .toBe('RATE_LIMIT')
     }
   })
 })
diff --git a/packages/core/agent-loop/tests/request-recovery.spec.ts b/packages/core/agent-loop/tests/request-recovery.spec.ts
index bfbcad23ba..cf87d376ef 100644
--- a/packages/core/agent-loop/tests/request-recovery.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/core/agent-loop/tests/request-recovery.spec.ts
@@ -3,10 +3,12 @@ import { Context } from 'cordis'
 import LlmService, {
   CallId,
   CONTEXT_WINDOW_EXCEEDED_CODE,
+  HarnessError,
   LlmAdapter,
   LlmError,
+  ProviderRequestId,
 } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm'
-import type { GenerateOptions, StreamChunk } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm'
+import type { GenerateOptions, LlmFailure, StreamChunk } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm'
 import SessionStore, { SessionId } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-session'
 import SystemPrompt from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-system-prompt'
 import ToolRegistry, { defineTool } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-tools'
@@ -258,16 +260,17 @@ describe('agent post-step and request-error lifecycle', () => {
 
   it.each([
     ['thrown', contextError()],
-    ['in-band', [{ type: 'finish', reason: { kind: 'error', message: 'too large', code: CONTEXT_WINDOW_EXCEEDED_CODE } }] satisfies StreamChunk[]],
+    ['in-band', [{ type: 'finish', reason: { kind: 'error', failure: { message: 'too large', code: CONTEXT_WINDOW_EXCEEDED_CODE, status: 400 } } }] satisfies StreamChunk[]],
   ] as const)('recovers a %s request failure in a new reconstructable step', async (_style, failure) => {
     const adapter = new FailureScriptAdapter([failure, textResponse('recovered')])
     const ctx = await harness(adapter)
     const agent = ctx.agentLoop.create(SessionId(`recover-${_style}`), { provider: 'mock', model: 'mock' })
     const attempts: number[] = []
-    ctx.on('agent/request-error', async (subject, turn, step, error, attempt) => {
+    ctx.on('agent/request-error', async (subject, turn, step, error, facts, history) => {
       expect(subject).toBe(agent)
       expect({ turn, step, code: error.code }).toEqual({ turn: 1, step: 1, code: CONTEXT_WINDOW_EXCEEDED_CODE })
-      attempts.push(attempt)
+      expect(facts.code).toBe(CONTEXT_WINDOW_EXCEEDED_CODE)
+      attempts.push(history.length)
       subject.session.append('context/message', {
         content: [{ type: 'text', text: 'RECOVERY SURFACE MUTATION' }],
         source: { kind: 'plugin', plugin: 'test-recovery' },
@@ -295,7 +298,7 @@ describe('agent post-step and request-error lifecycle', () => {
     const agent = ctx.agentLoop.create(SessionId(`stream-plugin-${_name.replaceAll(' ', '-')}`), { provider: 'mock', model: 'mock' })
     let recoveries = 0
     install(ctx)
-    ctx.on('agent/request-error', async (_agent, _turn, _step, _error, _attempt, _signal, next) => {
+    ctx.on('agent/request-error', async (_agent, _turn, _step, _error, _failure, _history, _signal, next) => {
       recoveries += 1
       return next()
     })
@@ -326,7 +329,7 @@ describe('agent post-step and request-error lifecycle', () => {
     })
     const agent = ctx.agentLoop.create(SessionId('nested-stream-not-recoverable'), { provider: 'mock', model: 'mock' })
     let recoveries = 0
-    ctx.on('agent/request-error', async (_agent, _turn, _step, _error, _attempt, _signal, next) => {
+    ctx.on('agent/request-error', async (_agent, _turn, _step, _error, _failure, _history, _signal, next) => {
       recoveries += 1
       return next()
     })
@@ -359,7 +362,7 @@ describe('agent post-step and request-error lifecycle', () => {
       }
       const agent = ctx.agentLoop.create(SessionId(`${boundary}-not-recoverable`), { provider: 'mock', model: 'mock' })
       let recoveries = 0
-      ctx.on('agent/request-error', async (_agent, _turn, _step, _error, _attempt, _signal, next) => {
+      ctx.on('agent/request-error', async (_agent, _turn, _step, _error, _failure, _history, _signal, next) => {
         recoveries += 1
         return next()
       })
@@ -387,7 +390,7 @@ describe('agent post-step and request-error lifecycle', () => {
       }
       const agent = ctx.agentLoop.create(SessionId(`${failure}-not-recoverable`), { provider: 'mock', model: 'mock' })
       let recoveries = 0
-      ctx.on('agent/request-error', async (_agent, _turn, _step, _error, _attempt, _signal, next) => {
+      ctx.on('agent/request-error', async (_agent, _turn, _step, _error, _failure, _history, _signal, next) => {
         recoveries += 1
         return next()
       })
@@ -406,7 +409,7 @@ describe('agent post-step and request-error lifecycle', () => {
     const ctx = await harness(makeAdapter(original))
     const agent = ctx.agentLoop.create(SessionId(`identity-${_name.replaceAll(' ', '-')}`), { provider: 'mock', model: 'mock' })
     let seen: Error | undefined
-    ctx.on('agent/request-error', async (_agent, _turn, _step, error, _attempt, _signal, next) => {
+    ctx.on('agent/request-error', async (_agent, _turn, _step, error, _failure, _history, _signal, next) => {
       seen = error
       return next()
     })
@@ -417,12 +420,90 @@ describe('agent post-step and request-error lifecycle', () => {
     expect(seen).toBe(original)
   })
 
+  it('keeps an adapter error with a hostile message accessor on the recovery path', async () => {
+    const original = Object.defineProperty(new HarnessError('provider failed', 'SERVER'), 'message', {
+      get() { throw new Error('SDK message accessor trap') },
+    })
+    const ctx = await harness(new SynchronousDispatchFailureAdapter(original))
+    const agent = ctx.agentLoop.create(SessionId('hostile-message-recovery'), { provider: 'mock', model: 'mock' })
+    let seenError: Error | undefined
+    let seenFailure: LlmFailure | undefined
+    ctx.on('agent/request-error', async (_agent, _turn, _step, error, failure, _history, _signal, next) => {
+      seenError = error
+      seenFailure = failure
+      return next()
+    })
+
+    send(agent)
+    await waitForIdle(ctx, agent)
+
+    expect(seenError).toBe(original)
+    expect(seenFailure).toEqual({ message: 'LLM adapter failed', code: 'SERVER' })
+    expect(agent.session.events.at(-1)).toMatchObject({
+      type: 'turn/end',
+      data: { reason: { kind: 'error', failure: { message: 'LLM adapter failed', code: 'SERVER' } } },
+    })
+  })
+
+  it('passes structured facts beside the original Error and records its cause chain on exhaustion', async () => {
+    const original = new LlmError('provider busy', 'RATE_LIMIT', {
+      cause: new Error('upstream connection reset'),
+      status: 429,
+      providerRetryAfterMs: 2_000,
+      requestId: ProviderRequestId('req-9'),
+    })
+    Object.freeze(original)
+    const ctx = await harness(new SynchronousDispatchFailureAdapter(original))
+    const agent = ctx.agentLoop.create(SessionId('structured-request-failure'), { provider: 'mock', model: 'mock' })
+    let seenError: Error | undefined
+    let seenFailure: LlmFailure | undefined
+    let seenHistory: readonly LlmFailure[] | undefined
+    ctx.on('agent/request-error', async (
+      _agent, _turn, _step, error, failure, history, _signal, next,
+    ) => {
+      seenError = error
+      seenFailure = failure
+      seenHistory = history
+      return next()
+    })
+
+    send(agent)
+    await waitForIdle(ctx, agent)
+
+    expect(seenError).toBe(original)
+    expect(seenFailure).toEqual({
+      message: 'provider busy',
+      code: 'RATE_LIMIT',
+      status: 429,
+      providerRetryAfterMs: 2_000,
+      requestId: ProviderRequestId('req-9'),
+    })
+    expect(seenHistory).toEqual([])
+    expect(Object.isFrozen(seenHistory)).toBe(true)
+    expect(agent.session.events.at(-1)).toMatchObject({
+      type: 'turn/end',
+      data: {
+        reason: {
+          kind: 'error',
+          step: 1,
+          failure: {
+            message: 'provider busy: upstream connection reset',
+            code: 'RATE_LIMIT',
+            status: 429,
+            providerRetryAfterMs: 2_000,
+            requestId: ProviderRequestId('req-9'),
+          },
+        },
+      },
+    })
+  })
+
   it('classifies iterator construction and explicit NO_ADAPTER as model-request failures', async () => {
     for (const scenario of ['iterator', 'no-adapter'] as const) {
       const ctx = scenario === 'iterator' ? await harness(new IteratorConstructionFailureAdapter()) : await harness()
       const agent = ctx.agentLoop.create(SessionId(`request-boundary-${scenario}`), { provider: 'mock', model: 'mock' })
       let seen = ''
-      ctx.on('agent/request-error', async (_agent, _turn, _step, error, _attempt, _signal, next) => {
+      ctx.on('agent/request-error', async (_agent, _turn, _step, error, _failure, _history, _signal, next) => {
         seen = error.code ?? ''
         return next()
       })
@@ -436,14 +517,17 @@ describe('agent post-step and request-error lifecycle', () => {
     const capped = new FailureScriptAdapter([contextError('first overflow'), contextError('second overflow')])
     const cappedCtx = await harness(capped)
     const cappedAgent = cappedCtx.agentLoop.create(SessionId('retry-cap'), { provider: 'mock', model: 'mock' })
-    const cappedAttempts: number[] = []
-    cappedCtx.on('agent/request-error', async (_agent, _turn, _step, _error, attempt, _signal, next) => {
-      cappedAttempts.push(attempt)
-      return attempt < 1 ? { action: 'retry' } : next()
+    const cappedHistories: string[][] = []
+    cappedCtx.on('agent/request-error', async (
+      _agent, _turn, _step, _error, _failure, history, _signal, next,
+    ) => {
+      const codes = history.map(entry => entry.code)
+      cappedHistories.push(codes)
+      return codes.length < 1 ? { action: 'retry' } : next()
     })
     send(cappedAgent)
     await waitForIdle(cappedCtx, cappedAgent)
-    expect(cappedAttempts).toEqual([0, 1])
+    expect(cappedHistories).toEqual([[], [CONTEXT_WINDOW_EXCEEDED_CODE]])
 
     const reset = new FailureScriptAdapter([
       contextError('first overflow'),
@@ -458,14 +542,16 @@ describe('agent post-step and request-error lifecycle', () => {
       async execute() { return [{ type: 'text', text: 'worked' }] },
     }))
     const resetAgent = resetCtx.agentLoop.create(SessionId('retry-reset'), { provider: 'mock', model: 'mock' })
-    const resetAttempts: { step: number; attempt: number }[] = []
-    resetCtx.on('agent/request-error', async (_agent, _turn, step, _error, attempt, _signal, next) => {
-      resetAttempts.push({ step, attempt })
-      return resetAttempts.length === 1 ? { action: 'retry' } : next()
+    const resetHistories: { step: number; codes: string[] }[] = []
+    resetCtx.on('agent/request-error', async (
+      _agent, _turn, step, _error, _failure, history, _signal, next,
+    ) => {
+      resetHistories.push({ step, codes: history.map(entry => entry.code) })
+      return resetHistories.length === 1 ? { action: 'retry' } : next()
     })
     send(resetAgent)
     await waitForIdle(resetCtx, resetAgent)
-    expect(resetAttempts).toEqual([{ step: 1, attempt: 0 }, { step: 3, attempt: 0 }])
+    expect(resetHistories).toEqual([{ step: 1, codes: [] }, { step: 3, codes: [] }])
   })
 
   it('preserves the original provider error when recovery throws', async () => {
@@ -479,7 +565,7 @@ describe('agent post-step and request-error lifecycle', () => {
 
     expect(agent.session.events.at(-1)).toMatchObject({
       type: 'turn/end',
-      data: { reason: { kind: 'error', message: 'original overflow', code: CONTEXT_WINDOW_EXCEEDED_CODE } },
+      data: { reason: { kind: 'error', failure: { message: 'original overflow', code: CONTEXT_WINDOW_EXCEEDED_CODE } } },
     })
   })
 
@@ -489,7 +575,7 @@ describe('agent post-step and request-error lifecycle', () => {
     const agent = ctx.agentLoop.create(SessionId(`${action}-recovery`), { provider: 'mock', model: 'mock' })
     let entered!: () => void
     const recoveryEntered = new Promise<void>((resolve) => { entered = resolve })
-    ctx.on('agent/request-error', async (_agent, _turn, _step, _error, _attempt, signal) => {
+    ctx.on('agent/request-error', async (_agent, _turn, _step, _error, _failure, _history, signal) => {
       entered()
       await new Promise<void>((resolve) => {
         signal.addEventListener('abort', () => { resolve() }, { once: true })
diff --git a/packages/core/agent/README.md b/packages/core/agent/README.md
index 23a7bfddf0..2908569ade 100644
--- a/packages/core/agent/README.md
+++ b/packages/core/agent/README.md
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ Agent *creation* is provided by the plugin implementing `AgentFactory` (`dsh-age
 
 The lifecycle edges have two important local caveats. `agent/created` runs after scoped setup and after both session and agent registry entries exist. Setup is trusted composition-only code; the immediately following non-vetoing `agent/session-start` notification is the first supported startup injection point. `agent/disposed` always means the exact agent has left the registry. AgentLoop emits it after its driver is quiescent, while ordered teardown may still be detaching the session and unwinding the scope; custom agents registered directly own any stronger driver-ordering contract themselves.
 
-Most interception points are cooperative waterfalls returning seam-specific decisions. `agent/pre-step` and `agent/post-step` are serial checkpoints around a step's durable work, while `agent/request-error` is the failed-model-request recovery waterfall: a retry opens a new numbered step after the failed step closes. `agent/turn-stop` is the terminal serial fold: it runs after ordinary continuation and steering folding, and a returned stop remains in force through turn close and flush so later steering cannot create an extra step or turn. Ordinary queued prompts remain intact. The full rationale for scoped dispatch and terminal settlement is in the [agent-scope runtime-design Agent Note](../../../.agents/notes/implemented/architecture/2026-07-12-agent-scope-runtime-design.md#three-execution-boundaries-are-deliberately-one-way).
+Most interception points are cooperative waterfalls returning seam-specific decisions. `agent/pre-step` and `agent/post-step` are serial checkpoints around a step's durable work, while `agent/request-error` is the failed-model-request recovery waterfall: it receives the exact error, normalized failure facts, immutable prior-retried facts, and signal after the failed step closes; a retry opens a new numbered step. `agent/turn-stop` is the terminal serial fold: it runs after ordinary continuation and steering folding, and a returned stop remains in force through turn close and flush so later steering cannot create an extra step or turn. Ordinary queued prompts remain intact. The full rationale for scoped dispatch and terminal settlement is in the [agent-scope runtime-design Agent Note](../../../.agents/notes/implemented/architecture/2026-07-12-agent-scope-runtime-design.md#three-execution-boundaries-are-deliberately-one-way).
 
 `PromptDecision.additionalContexts` is an array so every injected context keeps its own source and metadata. A `ContinuationDecision` reason is narrower: it becomes a `steering/message`, not a `context/message`, and therefore carries only content and source.
 
diff --git a/packages/core/agent/src/types.ts b/packages/core/agent/src/types.ts
index 3af6e76371..ffeb92e3ba 100644
--- a/packages/core/agent/src/types.ts
+++ b/packages/core/agent/src/types.ts
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
 import type { Context } from 'cordis'
 import type { Scoped } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-scope'
-import type { ContentBlock, LlmCallConfig, Message, MessageSource } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm'
+import type { ContentBlock, LlmCallConfig, LlmFailure, Message, MessageSource } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm'
 import type { JsonValue, Session, SessionId } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-session'
 import type {} from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-system-prompt'
 declare module '@deepseek-ai/dsh-system-prompt' {
@@ -273,12 +273,13 @@ declare module 'cordis' {
      * @param turn - the open turn number.
      * @param step - the failed step number.
      * @param error - the original model-request failure.
-     * @param retryAttempt - zero-based number of prior recovery retries.
+     * @param failure - serializable facts normalized at the final adapter boundary.
+     * @param priorFailures - immutable failures that already authorized another request in this consecutive sequence.
      * @param signal - the turn abort signal.
      * Scope-filtered dispatch (`@deepseek-ai/dsh-scope`): agent-scoped listeners receive only that agent.
      * @mode waterfall
      */
-    'agent/request-error'(this: Scoped<Agent>, agent: Agent, turn: number, step: number, error: RequestError, retryAttempt: number, signal: AbortSignal, next: () => Promise<RequestErrorDecision>): Promise<RequestErrorDecision>
+    'agent/request-error'(this: Scoped<Agent>, agent: Agent, turn: number, step: number, error: RequestError, failure: LlmFailure, priorFailures: readonly LlmFailure[], signal: AbortSignal, next: () => Promise<RequestErrorDecision>): Promise<RequestErrorDecision>
     /**
      * Override whether the turn continues. The default continues after tool
      * calls or steering and stops otherwise; a continue reason becomes steering.
diff --git a/packages/core/session/README.md b/packages/core/session/README.md
index f9ce78ad14..28210e8f6c 100644
--- a/packages/core/session/README.md
+++ b/packages/core/session/README.md
@@ -60,11 +60,11 @@ Durable values need one accepted representation, not a check followed by a secon
 
 ### Session event vocabulary (`types.ts`)
 
-The append-only log's event types, enumerated member by member — payloads, surface badges, provenance — in the generated [persistence log event catalog](../../../docs/persistence-catalog.md). Token usage and provider/model/replay provenance ride on `assistant/message`; an operational error's step is on `turn/end.reason` for `kind: 'error'`.
+The append-only log's event types, enumerated member by member — payloads, surface badges, provenance — in the generated [persistence log event catalog](../../../docs/persistence-catalog.md). Token accounting reads per-step `assistant/chunk { type: 'usage' }` records and treats `assistant/message.usage` as the committed-step fallback when no usage chunk exists; failed model-request attempts have no assistant message. Provider/model/replay provenance rides on `assistant/message`; an operational error's step is on `turn/end.reason` for `kind: 'error'`, with structured provider facts for a final model-request failure.
 
-Merge-extensible via `SessionEventMap` — a plugin declaration-merges its own types (the compaction seam's `compact/*`, the hook bridges' `hook/*`); merged members appear in the same catalog.
+Merge-extensible via `SessionEventMap` — a plugin declaration-merges its own types (the compaction seam's `compact/*`, bounded recovery's non-surface `llm/retry`, the hook bridges' `hook/*`); merged members appear in the same catalog.
 
-Also defines `TurnTriggerMap` and `TurnEndReasonMap` (merge-extensible sum types for typed turn boundaries — `kind`-tagged instead of strings).
+Also defines `TurnTriggerMap` and `TurnEndReasonMap` (merge-extensible sum types for typed turn boundaries — `kind`-tagged instead of strings). A final model-request error retains one structured `LlmFailure`; other turn errors retain message/code, and both identify the failed step.
 
 Every `SessionEvent` carries two optional top-level fields (structural metadata):
 
diff --git a/packages/core/session/src/types.ts b/packages/core/session/src/types.ts
index af8a04571e..ea0ad55a51 100644
--- a/packages/core/session/src/types.ts
+++ b/packages/core/session/src/types.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import type { Branded } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-brand'
-import type { AssistantProvenance, CallId, ContentBlock, LlmCallConfig, Message, MessageSource, StreamChunk, TokenUsage, ToolSchema } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm'
+import type { AssistantProvenance, CallId, ContentBlock, LlmCallConfig, LlmFailure, Message, MessageSource, StreamChunk, TokenUsage, ToolSchema } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm'
 import type { JsonValue } from './json.ts'
 
 /** Identifies one session in the store (and its persistence artifacts). */
@@ -106,9 +106,13 @@ export interface TurnEndReasonMap {
    * The turn failed: a step threw or the model reported a failure. `step` is the
    * step number the failure occurred on (the operational error's location — the
    * single durable record of an in-turn failure; live diagnostics also fire via
-   * `agent/error`). `code` is the error's code when one was attached.
+   * `agent/error`). Final model-request failures retain their normalized facts
+   * as one `failure`; other turn failures retain their live Error message/code.
    */
-  error: { kind: 'error'; step: number; message: string; code?: string }
+  error: { kind: 'error'; step: number } & (
+    | { failure: LlmFailure; message?: never; code?: never }
+    | { message: string; code?: string; failure?: never }
+  )
   disposed: { kind: 'disposed' }
   /** At least one step reached its output-token ceiling, even if a plugin continued the turn. */
   'max-tokens': { kind: 'max-tokens' }
diff --git a/packages/examples/acp-demo/README.md b/packages/examples/acp-demo/README.md
index 82347c1d7e..92d75dec99 100644
--- a/packages/examples/acp-demo/README.md
+++ b/packages/examples/acp-demo/README.md
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ Because the package wires no logger entry, an ACP leaf has **nothing to get wron
 | `skills` | owner defaults | registry-cache, local-provider, and model-facing skill-tool config, routed through `dsh-agent-spine-demo` |
 | `toolBash` | owner defaults | model-facing bash config routed through `dsh-agent-spine-demo`, including bash's producer-local `enableRunInBackground` |
 | `toolTasks` | owner defaults | generic `task_output` wait bounds routed through `dsh-agent-spine-demo` |
+| `llmRetry` | owner defaults | bounded transient model-request retry policy routed through `dsh-agent-spine-demo` |
 | `persistenceRoot` | `./.sessions` | the JSONL backend's root directory |
 | `persistenceCompression` | `'zstd'` | JSONL artifact encoding (`'zstd'` or raw `'none'`) |
 
diff --git a/packages/examples/acp-demo/src/index.ts b/packages/examples/acp-demo/src/index.ts
index 317f04087b..98ba012829 100644
--- a/packages/examples/acp-demo/src/index.ts
+++ b/packages/examples/acp-demo/src/index.ts
@@ -60,6 +60,8 @@ export interface Config {
   toolBash?: NonNullable<agentCore.Config['toolBash']>
   /** Generic background-task controls forwarded through agent-core; set false to omit their tool surface. */
   toolTasks?: NonNullable<agentCore.Config['toolTasks']>
+  /** Bounded transient model-request retry policy forwarded through agent-core. */
+  llmRetry?: NonNullable<agentCore.Config['llmRetry']>
 }
 
 // Each front door owns a complete, directly readable config schema; extracting
@@ -82,6 +84,7 @@ export const Config: z<Config> = z.object({
   skills: agentCore.SkillConfigSchema,
   toolBash: agentCore.ToolBashConfigSchema,
   toolTasks: z.union([z.const(false), agentCore.ToolTasksConfigSchema]),
+  llmRetry: agentCore.LlmRetryConfigSchema,
 })
 /* jscpd:ignore-end */
 
diff --git a/packages/examples/agent-spine-demo/README.md b/packages/examples/agent-spine-demo/README.md
index ce5a01ff53..5156225490 100644
--- a/packages/examples/agent-spine-demo/README.md
+++ b/packages/examples/agent-spine-demo/README.md
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ Read this package for the whole plugin tree and its composition order.
 @deepseek-ai/dsh-skill            skill provider registry
 @deepseek-ai/dsh-skill-local      local filesystem skill provider
 @deepseek-ai/dsh-agent            agent registry + initiator scope + agent/* events
+@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm-retry        bounded transient request retry policy
 @deepseek-ai/dsh-tasks            generic background-task registry
 @deepseek-ai/dsh-invariants       dev-mode event-contract assertions
 @deepseek-ai/dsh-tool-bash        the model-facing bash schema
@@ -42,19 +43,21 @@ This is the [interface/implementation/consumer seam](../../../.agents/notes/impl
 
 ```ts
 import type { Config } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-agent-spine-demo'
-// { agents?, maxParallelToolCalls?, persona?, toolOrder?, tools?, dshHome?, skills?, workspaceContext, toolBash?, toolTasks? }
+// { agents?, maxParallelToolCalls?, persona?, toolOrder?, tools?, dshHome?, skills?, workspaceContext, toolBash?, toolTasks?, llmRetry? }
 // workspaceContext requires { maxBytes } or false; the other owner schemas supply defaults.
 ```
 
-The bundle FORWARDS each field to the child that owns it: `agents` and `maxParallelToolCalls` to `agent-loop` (`agents` defaults to `[]`; the cap defaults there), so each app supplies its own pre-created agents — TUI and headless apps pre-create `main`, while the ACP app creates agents on demand at `session/new`; `persona` and `toolOrder` to `dsh-system-prompt`; `tools` to the tool registry for its presentation mode; `skills.registry`, `skills.local`, and `skills.tool` to the skill registry, local provider, and model-facing consumer; the required `workspaceContext` choice to `dsh-workspace-context` (`{ maxBytes }` enables loading and `false` disables it); and `toolBash`/`toolTasks` to the two model-facing tool plugins the bundle owns. Set `skills.enabled: false` to omit both the local provider and model-facing skill tool, and set `toolTasks: false` to retain the task service for foreground producers without exposing `task_output` / `task_list` / `task_kill`. It resolves `dshHome` once through [`@deepseek-ai/dsh-home`](../../util/home/README.md) and forwards that absolute value to tool-bash's managed environment and enabled local skill discovery. An absent top-level `dshHome` adopts `skills.local.dshHome`; supplying both with different resolved paths fails loudly. `toolBash.enableRunInBackground` controls only the bash producer; independently loaded producers keep their own config. Workspace instructions register before the skill catalog so their session-prefix message renders first. App packages use `pickSpineConfig()` to copy only these bundle-owned fields.
+The bundle FORWARDS each field to the child that owns it: `agents` and `maxParallelToolCalls` to `agent-loop` (`agents` defaults to `[]`; the cap defaults there), so each app supplies its own pre-created agents — TUI and headless apps pre-create `main`, while the ACP app creates agents on demand at `session/new`; `llmRetry` to the bounded retry policy; `persona` and `toolOrder` to `dsh-system-prompt`; `tools` to the tool registry for its presentation mode; `skills.registry`, `skills.local`, and `skills.tool` to the skill registry, local provider, and model-facing consumer; the required `workspaceContext` choice to `dsh-workspace-context` (`{ maxBytes }` enables loading and `false` disables it); and `toolBash`/`toolTasks` to the two model-facing tool plugins the bundle owns. Set `skills.enabled: false` to omit both the local provider and model-facing skill tool, and set `toolTasks: false` to retain the task service for foreground producers without exposing `task_output` / `task_list` / `task_kill`. It resolves `dshHome` once through [`@deepseek-ai/dsh-home`](../../util/home/README.md) and forwards that absolute value to tool-bash's managed environment and enabled local skill discovery. An absent top-level `dshHome` adopts `skills.local.dshHome`; supplying both with different resolved paths fails loudly. `toolBash.enableRunInBackground` controls only the bash producer; independently loaded producers keep their own config. Workspace instructions register before the skill catalog so their session-prefix message renders first. App packages use `pickSpineConfig()` to copy only these bundle-owned fields.
 
 ## Why a code bundle, not a shared YAML include
 
 A YAML include can deduplicate config but cannot own a bin or provide front-door defaults. App packages make stdout-safe ACP wiring the default, though a leaf can still add an unsafe logger. Bundle children register services in the root isolate-keyed store, so injected leaf siblings see them without load-order coupling.
 
+The bounded retry policy may repeat a transiently failed request in a new numbered step. Retry status and failed partial chunks stay outside model history, each provider attempt can still incur billing, front doors derive usage across every logged step, and the reconstructed request preserves the prior prefix for provider cache reuse.
+
 ## Model Experience
 
-Indirectly, through `dsh-system-prompt`, `dsh-tool-skill`, `dsh-tool-bash`, and `dsh-tools`, which this bundle mounts without adding model-bound wrapper content.
+Indirectly, through `dsh-system-prompt`, `dsh-tool-skill`, `dsh-tool-bash`, `dsh-tools`, and `dsh-llm-retry`, which this bundle mounts without adding model-bound wrapper content.
 
 #### KV Cache effect
 
diff --git a/packages/examples/agent-spine-demo/package.json b/packages/examples/agent-spine-demo/package.json
index 772d6c059b..2c73226f3c 100644
--- a/packages/examples/agent-spine-demo/package.json
+++ b/packages/examples/agent-spine-demo/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@deepseek-ai/dsh-agent-spine-demo",
-  "description": "The default executor-less/UI-less agent spine as one Cordis bundle plugin (timer + llm + sessions + system-prompt + tools + skills + agents + tasks + invariants + tool-bash + workspace-context + tool-skill + tool-tasks + agent-loop)",
+  "description": "The default executor-less/UI-less agent spine as one Cordis bundle plugin (timer + llm + sessions + system-prompt + tools + skills + agents + bounded retry + tasks + invariants + tool-bash + workspace-context + tool-skill + tool-tasks + agent-loop)",
   "version": "0.0.1",
   "private": true,
   "type": "module",
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-invariants": "^0.0.1",
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-home": "^0.0.1",
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm": "^0.0.1",
+    "@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm-retry": "^0.0.1",
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-workspace-context": "^0.0.1",
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-session": "^0.0.1",
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-skill": "^0.0.1",
@@ -48,6 +49,7 @@
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-invariants": "workspace:^",
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-home": "workspace:^",
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm": "workspace:^",
+    "@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm-retry": "workspace:^",
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-workspace-context": "workspace:^",
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-session": "workspace:^",
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-skill": "workspace:^",
diff --git a/packages/examples/agent-spine-demo/src/index.ts b/packages/examples/agent-spine-demo/src/index.ts
index 2d489435a5..c074fa05c6 100644
--- a/packages/examples/agent-spine-demo/src/index.ts
+++ b/packages/examples/agent-spine-demo/src/index.ts
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ import * as workspaceContext from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-workspace-context'
 import * as toolSkill from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-tool-skill'
 import * as toolTasks from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-tool-tasks'
 import AgentLoop, { type Config as AgentLoopConfig } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-agent-loop'
+import * as llmRetry from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm-retry'
 import { resolveDshHome } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-home'
 
 export const name = 'agent-spine-demo'
@@ -77,6 +78,8 @@ export interface Config {
   toolBash?: toolBash.Config
   /** Generic background-task controls; set false to keep the task service without model-facing task tools. */
   toolTasks?: toolTasks.Config | false
+  /** Bounded transient model-request retry policy. */
+  llmRetry?: llmRetry.Config
 }
 
 /** The skill config schema exported for app packages that forward `skills`. */
@@ -93,6 +96,9 @@ export const ToolBashConfigSchema: z<toolBash.Config> = toolBash.Config
 /** The task-control-tool config schema exported for app packages that forward `toolTasks`. */
 export const ToolTasksConfigSchema: z<toolTasks.Config> = toolTasks.Config
 
+/** The bounded LLM retry schema exported for app packages that forward `llmRetry`. */
+export const LlmRetryConfigSchema: z<llmRetry.Config> = llmRetry.Config
+
 /** Intersect the owners' schemas so validation + defaulting stay identical. */
 export const Config = z.intersect([
   AgentLoop.Config,
@@ -104,7 +110,8 @@ export const Config = z.intersect([
     workspaceContext: z.union([z.const(false), workspaceContext.Config]).required(),
     toolBash: ToolBashConfigSchema,
     toolTasks: z.union([z.const(false), ToolTasksConfigSchema]),
-  }) as unknown as z<Pick<Config, 'tools' | 'dshHome' | 'skills' | 'workspaceContext' | 'toolBash' | 'toolTasks'>>,
+    llmRetry: LlmRetryConfigSchema,
+  }) as unknown as z<Pick<Config, 'tools' | 'dshHome' | 'skills' | 'workspaceContext' | 'toolBash' | 'toolTasks' | 'llmRetry'>>,
 ]) as unknown as z<Config>
 
 /**
@@ -123,6 +130,7 @@ export function pickSpineConfig(config: Omit<Config, 'agents'>): Omit<Config, 'a
     ...config.skills !== undefined ? { skills: config.skills } : {},
     ...config.toolBash !== undefined ? { toolBash: config.toolBash } : {},
     ...config.toolTasks !== undefined ? { toolTasks: config.toolTasks } : {},
+    ...config.llmRetry !== undefined ? { llmRetry: config.llmRetry } : {},
   }
 }
 
@@ -159,6 +167,7 @@ export function apply(ctx: Context, config: Config): void {
     ctx.plugin(SkillLocal, Object.assign({}, config.skills?.local, { dshHome }))
   }
   ctx.plugin(AgentRegistry)
+  ctx.plugin(llmRetry, config.llmRetry ?? {})
   ctx.plugin(TaskService)
   ctx.plugin(invariants)
   ctx.plugin(toolBash, Object.assign({}, config.toolBash, { dshHome }))
diff --git a/packages/examples/agent-spine-demo/tests/agent-core.spec.ts b/packages/examples/agent-spine-demo/tests/agent-core.spec.ts
index b1faf901ba..d8adee4f84 100644
--- a/packages/examples/agent-spine-demo/tests/agent-core.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/examples/agent-spine-demo/tests/agent-core.spec.ts
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import { agentEvents, type Agent } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-agent'
 import { SessionId } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-session'
 import LocalFileSystem from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-fs-local'
 import { MockAdapter, textResponse } from '../../../core/agent-loop/tests/mock-adapter.ts'
-import { CallId, type Message } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm'
+import { CallId, LlmAdapter, LlmError, type GenerateOptions, type Message, type StreamChunk } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm'
 import type { ToolExecution } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-tools'
 
 declare module '@deepseek-ai/dsh-tasks' {
@@ -101,6 +101,16 @@ function messageText(message: Message | undefined): string {
   return message?.content.map(block => block.type === 'text' ? block.text : '').join('\n') ?? ''
 }
 
+class TransientOnceAdapter extends LlmAdapter {
+  requests = 0
+
+  async * stream(_options: GenerateOptions): AsyncIterable<StreamChunk> {
+    this.requests += 1
+    if (this.requests === 1) throw new LlmError('temporary outage', 'SERVER')
+    yield* textResponse('recovered by bundled policy')
+  }
+}
+
 describe('dsh-agent-spine-demo bundle', () => {
   it('brings up the full default spine', async () => {
     const ctx = await mount({ workspaceContext: false })
@@ -117,6 +127,37 @@ describe('dsh-agent-spine-demo bundle', () => {
     await ctx.fiber.dispose()
   })
 
+  it('loads and configures bounded request recovery for every bundled front door', async () => {
+    const adapter = new TransientOnceAdapter()
+    const ctx = await mount({
+      workspaceContext: false,
+      llmRetry: {
+        maxTransientRetries: 1,
+        initialDelayMs: 1,
+        maxDelayMs: 1,
+        jitterRatio: 0,
+      },
+    })
+    ctx.llm.registerAdapter(['mock'], adapter)
+    const handle = await ctx.agents.create({
+      sessionId: SessionId('bundled-retry-session'),
+      meta: { cwd: process.cwd() },
+      agentOptions: { provider: 'mock', model: 'mock' },
+    })
+
+    handle.agent.send([{ type: 'text', text: 'recover' }])
+    await waitForIdle(ctx, handle.agent)
+
+    expect(adapter.requests).toBe(2)
+    const retryEvents = handle.agent.session.events.filter(event => event.type === 'llm/retry')
+    expect(retryEvents).toHaveLength(1)
+    expect(retryEvents[0]?.data.retry).toBe(1)
+    expect(retryEvents[0]?.data.maxRetries).toBe(1)
+    expect(messageText(handle.agent.session.deriveMessages().at(-1))).toBe('recovered by bundled policy')
+    await handle.dispose()
+    await ctx.fiber.dispose()
+  })
+
   it('includes the skill registry, local provider, and skill tool without builtin skills', async () => {
     const ctx = await mount({ workspaceContext: false })
 
@@ -370,6 +411,7 @@ describe('dsh-agent-spine-demo bundle', () => {
       skills: { enabled: false },
       toolBash: { enableRunInBackground: false },
       toolTasks: false as const,
+      llmRetry: { maxTransientRetries: 1, jitterRatio: 0 },
     }
 
     expect(agentCore.pickSpineConfig(appConfig)).toEqual({
@@ -381,6 +423,7 @@ describe('dsh-agent-spine-demo bundle', () => {
       skills: appConfig.skills,
       toolBash: appConfig.toolBash,
       toolTasks: appConfig.toolTasks,
+      llmRetry: appConfig.llmRetry,
     })
     expect(agentCore.pickSpineConfig({ workspaceContext: false })).toEqual({ workspaceContext: false })
   })
diff --git a/packages/examples/agent-spine-demo/tsconfig.json b/packages/examples/agent-spine-demo/tsconfig.json
index 89cb2accd8..9b897d1674 100644
--- a/packages/examples/agent-spine-demo/tsconfig.json
+++ b/packages/examples/agent-spine-demo/tsconfig.json
@@ -47,6 +47,9 @@
     {
       "path": "../../core/agent-loop"
     },
+    {
+      "path": "../../llm/llm-retry"
+    },
     {
       "path": "../../support/invariants"
     },
diff --git a/packages/examples/cli-demo/README.md b/packages/examples/cli-demo/README.md
index 958dd4c3bb..60f047101d 100644
--- a/packages/examples/cli-demo/README.md
+++ b/packages/examples/cli-demo/README.md
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ The package mounts no console logger, interactive UI, user-interaction service,
 | `skills` | owner defaults | skill registry, local provider, and model-facing skill tool |
 | `toolBash` | owner defaults | model-facing bash config, including this producer's background opt-in |
 | `toolTasks` | owner defaults | generic `task_output` wait bounds |
+| `llmRetry` | owner defaults | bounded transient model-request retry policy |
 | `persistenceRoot` | `./.sessions` | JSONL session root |
 | `persistenceCompression` | `'zstd'` | JSONL artifact encoding (`'zstd'` or raw `'none'`) |
 | `workspaceContext` | required | workspace-instruction byte budget, or `false` to disable loading |
@@ -41,7 +42,7 @@ Loader configs with bare package specifiers require `node --expose-internals` or
 ### Output formats
 
 - `text` writes the last assistant message containing text, followed by one newline.
-- `json` writes one DSH-native result record: `{ type: "result", success, sessionId, turn, result, reason, usage? }`. `usage` sums every model step in the task turn.
+- `json` writes one DSH-native result record: `{ type: "result", success, sessionId, turn, result, reason, usage? }`. `usage` sums each model step in the task turn once, including billed failed retry attempts that produced usage without a committed assistant message.
 - `stream-json` writes each canonical event from the top-level session's task turn as `{ type: "session_event", sessionId, event }`, then the same result record. Child-agent activity appears only through the parent tool events and results.
 
 Only `reason.kind === "completed"` exits successfully. Other durable turn endings still emit partial text or a result record, add a stderr diagnostic, and exit nonzero. Argument and boot failures leave stdout empty. SIGINT and SIGTERM cancel active work, await disposal, and exit 130 and 143 respectively.
diff --git a/packages/examples/cli-demo/src/cli.ts b/packages/examples/cli-demo/src/cli.ts
index 68c9598e6c..a2b61f85f6 100644
--- a/packages/examples/cli-demo/src/cli.ts
+++ b/packages/examples/cli-demo/src/cli.ts
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ export async function runOneShot(ctx: Context, options: OneShotOptions): Promise
   let targetTurn: number | undefined
   let reason: TurnEndReason | undefined
   let result = ''
-  let usage: TokenUsage | undefined
+  const usageByStep = new Map<number, TokenUsage>()
   let outputError: Error | undefined
   let resolveTurn!: () => void
   let rejectTurn!: (error: Error) => void
@@ -254,9 +254,14 @@ export async function runOneShot(ctx: Context, options: OneShotOptions): Promise
       targetTurn = event.data.turn
     }
     observe(session.id, event)
+    if (event.type === 'assistant/chunk'
+      && event.data.turn === targetTurn
+      && event.data.chunk.type === 'usage') {
+      usageByStep.set(event.data.step, event.data.chunk.usage)
+    }
     if (event.type === 'assistant/message' && event.data.turn === targetTurn) {
       result = assistantText(event) ?? result
-      if (event.data.usage !== undefined) usage = addUsage(usage, event.data.usage)
+      if (event.data.usage !== undefined) usageByStep.set(event.data.step, event.data.usage)
     }
     if (event.type === 'turn/end' && event.data.turn === targetTurn) {
       reason = event.data.reason
@@ -294,6 +299,7 @@ export async function runOneShot(ctx: Context, options: OneShotOptions): Promise
   }
   await ctx.sessions.flush(agent.session)
   if (outputError !== undefined) throw outputError
+  const usage = [...usageByStep.values()].reduce<TokenUsage | undefined>(addUsage, undefined)
   return {
     type: 'result',
     success: reason.kind === 'completed',
@@ -365,7 +371,7 @@ export function formatTurnFailure(reason: TurnEndReason): string {
   switch (reason.kind) {
     case 'completed': return 'completed'
     case 'aborted': return reason.reason === undefined ? 'was aborted' : `was aborted: ${reason.reason}`
-    case 'error': return `failed at step ${reason.step}: ${reason.message}`
+    case 'error': return `failed at step ${reason.step}: ${'failure' in reason ? reason.failure.message : reason.message}`
     case 'disposed': return 'was disposed'
     case 'max-tokens': return 'reached the model output-token limit'
     case 'rejected': return `was rejected: ${reason.reason}`
diff --git a/packages/examples/cli-demo/src/index.ts b/packages/examples/cli-demo/src/index.ts
index d51cc80b23..7f527d857b 100644
--- a/packages/examples/cli-demo/src/index.ts
+++ b/packages/examples/cli-demo/src/index.ts
@@ -47,6 +47,8 @@ export interface Config {
   toolBash?: NonNullable<agentCore.Config['toolBash']>
   /** Generic background-task control-tool config forwarded through agent-spine-demo. */
   toolTasks?: NonNullable<agentCore.Config['toolTasks']>
+  /** Bounded transient model-request retry policy forwarded through agent-spine-demo. */
+  llmRetry?: NonNullable<agentCore.Config['llmRetry']>
   /** Controls automatic AGENTS.md/CLAUDE.md loading; configure a byte budget or set `false`. */
   workspaceContext: agentCore.Config['workspaceContext']
 }
@@ -68,6 +70,7 @@ export const Config: z<Config> = z.object({
   tools: ToolRegistry.Config,
   toolBash: agentCore.ToolBashConfigSchema,
   toolTasks: z.union([z.const(false), agentCore.ToolTasksConfigSchema]),
+  llmRetry: agentCore.LlmRetryConfigSchema,
   workspaceContext: z.union([z.const(false), workspaceContext.Config]).required(),
 })
 /* jscpd:ignore-end */
diff --git a/packages/examples/cli-demo/tests/cli.spec.ts b/packages/examples/cli-demo/tests/cli.spec.ts
index 2f9fa32778..f038efe67e 100644
--- a/packages/examples/cli-demo/tests/cli.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/examples/cli-demo/tests/cli.spec.ts
@@ -70,6 +70,15 @@ function toolResponse(usage: TokenUsage): StreamChunk[] {
   ]
 }
 
+function failedResponse(usage: TokenUsage): StreamChunk[] {
+  return [
+    { type: 'block-start', index: 0, blockType: 'text' },
+    { type: 'text-delta', index: 0, text: 'discarded' },
+    { type: 'usage', usage },
+    { type: 'finish', reason: { kind: 'error', failure: { message: 'temporary', code: 'SERVER' } } },
+  ]
+}
+
 function reasoningResponse(text: string): StreamChunk[] {
   return [
     { type: 'block-start', index: 0, blockType: 'reasoning' },
@@ -98,6 +107,7 @@ async function harness(script: readonly ScriptEntry[]): Promise<Harness> {
     persistenceRoot: root,
     skills: { local: { dshHome: join(skillHome, '.dsh'), agentsHome: join(skillHome, '.agents') } },
     workspaceContext: false,
+    llmRetry: { initialDelayMs: 1, maxDelayMs: 1, jitterRatio: 0 },
   })
   await new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, 80))
   ctx.llm.registerAdapter(['mock'], new ScriptedAdapter(script))
@@ -323,6 +333,21 @@ describe('runOneShot and executeCli', () => {
     })
   })
 
+  it('counts a failed retry attempt once even though it has no assistant message', async () => {
+    const failed = { inputTokens: 11, outputTokens: 2, cacheReadTokens: 3 }
+    const recovered = { inputTokens: 7, outputTokens: 5, reasoningTokens: 4 }
+    const { ctx } = await harness([failedResponse(failed), textResponse('done', recovered)])
+
+    const result = await runOneShot(ctx, { task: 'task' })
+
+    expect(result.usage).toEqual({
+      inputTokens: 18,
+      outputTokens: 7,
+      cacheReadTokens: 3,
+      reasoningTokens: 4,
+    })
+  })
+
   it('keeps the prior text when a later assistant message has no text blocks', async () => {
     const { ctx } = await harness([
       toolResponse({ inputTokens: 1, outputTokens: 1 }),
@@ -463,6 +488,7 @@ describe('formatTurnFailure', () => {
       [{ kind: 'aborted' }, 'was aborted'],
       [{ kind: 'aborted', reason: 'stop' }, 'was aborted: stop'],
       [{ kind: 'error', step: 2, message: 'bad' }, 'failed at step 2: bad'],
+      [{ kind: 'error', step: 3, failure: { message: 'provider bad', code: 'SERVER' } }, 'failed at step 3: provider bad'],
       [{ kind: 'disposed' }, 'was disposed'],
       [{ kind: 'max-tokens' }, 'output-token limit'],
       [{ kind: 'rejected', reason: 'policy' }, 'was rejected: policy'],
diff --git a/packages/llm/README.md b/packages/llm/README.md
index ac08ffafc2..405c2f18f4 100644
--- a/packages/llm/README.md
+++ b/packages/llm/README.md
@@ -6,7 +6,8 @@ The LLM seam and its provider adapters. The interface package (`llm`) owns the a
 |---|---|---|
 | `llm/` | Abstract LLM service + content-block vocabulary + chunk assembler | `ctx.llm` |
 | `token-meter/` | Replay-aware request and surface token measurement | `ctx.tokenMeter` |
+| `llm-retry/` | Bounded transient request retry policy | (listens to `agent/request-error`) |
 | `llm-deepseek/` | DeepSeek API adapter (hand-rolled fetch/SSE) | (registers on `ctx.llm`) |
 | `llm-pi-ai/` | Multi-provider adapter via `@earendil-works/pi-ai` | (registers on `ctx.llm`) |
 
-The interface lives at `llm/llm/`; adapters and the reusable token meter are flat siblings under the group. Requests route by `provider`, while `model` is passed through to the selected adapter. A new provider adapter joins here and registers one or more provider routes on `ctx.llm` without touching the interface. See [twin LLM adapters](../../.agents/notes/implemented/architecture/2026-06-13-twin-llm-adapters.md) for the contract-validation origin of the two shipping implementations and the [replay token meter Agent Note](../../.agents/notes/implemented/architecture/2026-07-15-replay-token-meter-service.md) for measurement ownership.
+The interface lives at `llm/llm/`; adapters, retry policy, and reusable token meter are flat siblings under the group. Requests route by `provider`, while `model` is passed through to the selected adapter. A new provider adapter joins here and registers one or more provider routes on `ctx.llm` without touching the interface. See [twin LLM adapters](../../.agents/notes/implemented/architecture/2026-06-13-twin-llm-adapters.md) for the contract-validation origin of the two shipping implementations and the [replay token meter Agent Note](../../.agents/notes/implemented/architecture/2026-07-15-replay-token-meter-service.md) for measurement ownership.
diff --git a/packages/llm/llm-deepseek/README.md b/packages/llm/llm-deepseek/README.md
index ee4c705560..d4fa19af3d 100644
--- a/packages/llm/llm-deepseek/README.md
+++ b/packages/llm/llm-deepseek/README.md
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ The package root exposes the Cordis plugin contract and `DeepSeekAdapter`; wire
     baseURL: !!js process.env.DEEPSEEK_BASE_URL  # default: https://api.deepseek.com
     thinking: enabled        # optional; provider default is enabled
     reasoningEffort: high    # optional; high | max — omitted ⇒ not sent
+    streamIdleTimeoutMs: 300000 # optional; positive finite Node timer delay; five-minute default
     models:                  # optional; defaults to V4 Flash and V4 Pro
       - id: deepseek-v4-flash
         name: DeepSeek V4 Flash
@@ -29,6 +30,8 @@ The plugin registers the single provider route `deepseek`. A request selects it
 
 `thinking`/`reasoningEffort` are adapter-level request defaults serialized as the official top-level `thinking: {type}` / `reasoning_effort` wire fields. They live in adapter config (not `GenerateOptions`) to keep the core vocabulary provider-neutral.
 
+`streamIdleTimeoutMs` bounds each outstanding provider read, including the initial `fetch`, without counting time the consumer spends between chunks. One stable abort signal reaches the request and body reader for the whole call; expiry stops the transport and throws `LlmError('TIMEOUT')`, while an earlier caller abort throws `LlmError('ABORTED')`. The adapter makes exactly one provider request per `stream()` call; agent-level retry is a separate plugin policy.
+
 ## App attribution
 
 Every request carries the shared attribution header from dsh-llm's `attributionHeaders()` - the mandatory `User-Agent` baseline identifying the harness (see [dsh-llm § App attribution](../llm/README.md#app-attribution-attributionts)). Direct DeepSeek requests and OpenAI-compatible gateway requests get no provider-specific app-attribution headers under this adapter contract; OpenRouter app attribution is deferred to a future explicit OpenRouter adapter or mode.
@@ -42,11 +45,11 @@ Every request carries the shared attribution header from dsh-llm's `attributionH
 
 ## Errors
 
-Non-2xx responses throw `LlmError` with stable codes: `AUTH` (401/403), `RATE_LIMIT` (429), `CONTEXT_WINDOW_EXCEEDED` (a 400 whose provider code, type, or message identifies context overflow), `INVALID_REQUEST` (other 400s), `SERVER` (5xx), `HTTP_<status>` otherwise. A transport failure before any response (DNS, refused connection, TLS, proxy) throws `NETWORK` naming the configured endpoint and chaining fetch's `TypeError: fetch failed` as `cause`, so `errorChain` renders the underlying diagnosis; an abort keeps its `DOMException` so the loop classifies it as cancellation. Protocol violations throw `STREAM_CLOSED` (no `[DONE]`) or `MALFORMED_RESPONSE` (bad JSON payload). Unknown wire `finish_reason`s (e.g. `content_filter`, `insufficient_system_resource`) become `finish {kind: 'error', code: <REASON>}` chunks.
+Non-2xx responses throw `LlmError` with stable codes: `AUTH` (401/403), `QUOTA` (a response whose provider details identify exhausted quota, balance, or credits), `RATE_LIMIT` (other 429s), `CONTEXT_WINDOW_EXCEEDED` (a 400 whose provider code, type, or message identifies context overflow), `INVALID_REQUEST` (other 400s), `SERVER` (5xx), `HTTP_<status>` otherwise. Its serializable `failure` retains the HTTP status plus a valid positive `Retry-After` seconds/date delay and `x-request-id` / `x-deepseek-request-id` when present. A pre-response transport failure (DNS, refused connection, TLS, proxy) throws `TRANSPORT` naming the configured endpoint and chaining the original rejection as `cause`; caller aborts throw `ABORTED`, and the loop's cancellation signal remains authoritative. Protocol violations throw `STREAM_CLOSED` (no `[DONE]`) or `MALFORMED_RESPONSE` (bad JSON payload). Unknown wire `finish_reason`s (e.g. `content_filter`, `insufficient_system_resource`) become `finish {kind: 'error', failure}` chunks.
 
 ## Testing
 
-Unit suites run against a local `node:http` mock SSE server (no network). Real-API coverage lives in `tests/adapter.e2e.ts` (`pnpm run test:e2e`, key-gated): V4 Flash + V4 Pro across thinking enabled/disabled and both official effort levels, including the thinking+tools round trip with reasoning passback.
+Unit suites run against a local `node:http` mock SSE server (no network), including structured HTTP facts, malformed/truncated streams, caller abort, connection failure, and proof that idle timeout aborts the actual body. Real-API coverage lives in `tests/adapter.e2e.ts` (`pnpm run test:e2e`, key-gated): V4 Flash + V4 Pro across thinking enabled/disabled and both official effort levels, including the thinking+tools round trip with reasoning passback.
 
 ## Model Experience
 
diff --git a/packages/llm/llm-deepseek/package.json b/packages/llm/llm-deepseek/package.json
index 1461ad0f44..02e8cb85ac 100644
--- a/packages/llm/llm-deepseek/package.json
+++ b/packages/llm/llm-deepseek/package.json
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
   "license": "BSD-3-Clause",
   "peerDependencies": {
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm": "^0.0.1",
+    "@deepseek-ai/dsh-timeout": "^0.0.1",
     "cordis": "^4.0.0-rc.7"
   },
   "dependencies": {
@@ -30,6 +31,7 @@
   },
   "devDependencies": {
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm": "workspace:^",
+    "@deepseek-ai/dsh-timeout": "workspace:^",
     "cordis": "^4.0.0-rc.7"
   }
 }
diff --git a/packages/llm/llm-deepseek/src/adapter.ts b/packages/llm/llm-deepseek/src/adapter.ts
index 66520a83d4..74adafb225 100644
--- a/packages/llm/llm-deepseek/src/adapter.ts
+++ b/packages/llm/llm-deepseek/src/adapter.ts
@@ -5,8 +5,9 @@
  * @module dsh-llm-deepseek/adapter
  */
 
-import { attributionHeaders, CONTEXT_WINDOW_EXCEEDED_CODE, isContextWindowExceededError, LlmAdapter, LlmError } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm'
+import { attributionHeaders, CONTEXT_WINDOW_EXCEEDED_CODE, isContextWindowExceededError, isQuotaExceededError, LlmAdapter, LlmError, ProviderRequestId, QUOTA_EXCEEDED_CODE } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm'
 import type { GenerateOptions, LlmModelInfo, LlmProviderInfo, StreamChunk } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm'
+import { idleWatchdog, MAX_TIMER_DELAY_MS, timeoutOf } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-timeout'
 import { serializeRequest } from './serialize.ts'
 import type { RequestDefaults } from './serialize.ts'
 import { parseSse } from './sse.ts'
@@ -33,6 +34,27 @@ export interface DeepSeekAdapterOptions {
   defaults?: RequestDefaults
   /** Advisory models exposed to discovery consumers; requests remain unrestricted. */
   models?: readonly DeepSeekCatalogModel[]
+  /** Maximum provider idle time while one stream read is outstanding. */
+  streamIdleTimeoutMs?: number
+}
+
+/** Default maximum idle interval while an adapter stream read is outstanding. */
+export const DEFAULT_STREAM_IDLE_TIMEOUT_MS = 300_000
+const STREAM_IDLE_TIMEOUT_CODE = 'LLM_STREAM_IDLE_TIMEOUT'
+
+function providerRetryAfterMs(value: string | null): number | undefined {
+  if (value === null) return undefined
+  if (/^\d+$/.test(value)) {
+    const delay = Number(value) * 1_000
+    return Number.isFinite(delay) && delay > 0 ? delay : undefined
+  }
+  const delay = Date.parse(value) - Date.now()
+  return Number.isFinite(delay) && delay > 0 ? delay : undefined
+}
+
+function requestId(headers: Headers): ReturnType<typeof ProviderRequestId> | undefined {
+  const value = headers.get('x-request-id') ?? headers.get('x-deepseek-request-id')
+  return value === null || value.length === 0 ? undefined : ProviderRequestId(value)
 }
 
 /**
@@ -43,9 +65,10 @@ export interface DeepSeekAdapterOptions {
  */
 export function httpErrorCode(status: number, error?: WireError['error']): string {
   if (status === 401 || status === 403) return 'AUTH'
+  const detail = [error?.code, error?.type, error?.message].filter(Boolean).join(' ')
+  if (isQuotaExceededError(detail)) return QUOTA_EXCEEDED_CODE
   if (status === 429) return 'RATE_LIMIT'
   if (status === 400) {
-    const detail = [error?.code, error?.type, error?.message].filter(Boolean).join(' ')
     if (isContextWindowExceededError(detail)) return CONTEXT_WINDOW_EXCEEDED_CODE
     return 'INVALID_REQUEST'
   }
@@ -57,13 +80,22 @@ export function httpErrorCode(status: number, error?: WireError['error']): strin
  * The first real `LlmAdapter`. One instance serves every model name it was
  * registered under (the harness model name IS the wire model name).
  *
- * Abort: `options.signal` is handed to fetch — both the initial request and
- * the body stream reject on abort, which surfaces to the loop as a rejected
- * step (the loop already contains step errors).
+ * One stable signal reaches both initial fetch and body reads. Caller aborts
+ * map to `ABORTED`; the configured per-read idle watchdog maps to `TIMEOUT`.
  */
 export class DeepSeekAdapter extends LlmAdapter {
+  private readonly streamIdleTimeoutMs: number
+
   constructor(private readonly options: DeepSeekAdapterOptions) {
     super()
+    this.streamIdleTimeoutMs = options.streamIdleTimeoutMs ?? DEFAULT_STREAM_IDLE_TIMEOUT_MS
+    if (!Number.isFinite(this.streamIdleTimeoutMs)
+      || this.streamIdleTimeoutMs <= 0
+      || this.streamIdleTimeoutMs > MAX_TIMER_DELAY_MS) {
+      throw new Error(
+        `llm-deepseek: streamIdleTimeoutMs must be a positive finite number no greater than ${MAX_TIMER_DELAY_MS}`,
+      )
+    }
   }
 
   override providerInfo(provider: string): LlmProviderInfo {
@@ -80,8 +112,50 @@ export class DeepSeekAdapter extends LlmAdapter {
   }
 
   async * stream(options: GenerateOptions): AsyncIterable<StreamChunk> {
+    const consumer = new AbortController()
+    const upstream = options.signal === undefined
+      ? consumer.signal
+      : AbortSignal.any([options.signal, consumer.signal])
+    using watchdog = idleWatchdog(upstream, this.streamIdleTimeoutMs, STREAM_IDLE_TIMEOUT_CODE)
+    const iterator = this.request(options, watchdog.signal)[Symbol.asyncIterator]()
+    let exhausted = false
+    try {
+      while (true) {
+        const result = await watchdog.next(iterator)
+        if (result.done) {
+          exhausted = true
+          return
+        }
+        yield result.value
+      }
+    } catch (error: unknown) {
+      if (timeoutOf(watchdog.signal, STREAM_IDLE_TIMEOUT_CODE) !== undefined) {
+        throw new LlmError(
+          `DeepSeek stream idle timeout after ${this.streamIdleTimeoutMs}ms`,
+          'TIMEOUT',
+          { cause: error },
+        )
+      }
+      if (options.signal?.aborted) {
+        throw new LlmError('DeepSeek request aborted by caller', 'ABORTED', { cause: error })
+      }
+      if (error instanceof LlmError) throw error
+      throw new LlmError(`DeepSeek API stream from ${this.options.baseURL} failed`, 'TRANSPORT', { cause: error })
+    } finally {
+      consumer.abort('DeepSeek stream consumer stopped')
+      if (!exhausted && iterator.return !== undefined) {
+        try {
+          await iterator.return()
+        } catch (_abortedTransportTeardown) {
+          // The consumer controller already owns termination; a return-time abort cannot add a second outcome.
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private async * request(options: GenerateOptions, signal: AbortSignal): AsyncIterable<StreamChunk> {
     const body = serializeRequest(options, this.options.defaults ?? {})
-    // Prepared outside the try so the NETWORK label below covers exactly the
+    // Prepared outside the try so the TRANSPORT label below covers exactly the
     // transport boundary, never a serialization failure.
     const payload = JSON.stringify(body)
     const headers = {
@@ -102,19 +176,18 @@ export class DeepSeekAdapter extends LlmAdapter {
         method: 'POST',
         headers,
         body: payload,
-        ...options.signal ? { signal: options.signal } : {},
+        signal,
       })
     } catch (error: unknown) {
-      // An aborted request rethrows its original rejection (the signal's abort
-      // reason) so the loop classifies it as cancellation, not a provider failure.
-      if (options.signal?.aborted) throw error
+      // The outer stream distinguishes caller cancellation and watchdog expiry.
+      if (signal.aborted) throw error
       // fetch wraps every transport failure (DNS, refused connection, TLS,
       // proxy) in a bare `TypeError: fetch failed` whose actionable detail
       // lives on `cause`. Wrapping with the endpoint and chaining the cause
       // lets `errorChain` render the full diagnosis at every reporting seam.
       throw new LlmError(
         `DeepSeek API request to ${this.options.baseURL} failed`,
-        'NETWORK',
+        'TRANSPORT',
         { cause: error },
       )
     }
@@ -130,7 +203,13 @@ export class DeepSeekAdapter extends LlmAdapter {
         // Only swallow error-body parsing: the HTTP status still identifies the
         // failure, so malformed gateway JSON must not mask it.
       }
-      throw new LlmError(message, httpErrorCode(response.status, providerError))
+      const delay = providerRetryAfterMs(response.headers.get('retry-after'))
+      const id = requestId(response.headers)
+      throw new LlmError(message, httpErrorCode(response.status, providerError), {
+        status: response.status,
+        ...delay === undefined ? {} : { providerRetryAfterMs: delay },
+        ...id === undefined ? {} : { requestId: id },
+      })
     }
     if (!response.body) {
       throw new LlmError('DeepSeek API returned no response body', 'EMPTY_RESPONSE')
diff --git a/packages/llm/llm-deepseek/src/index.ts b/packages/llm/llm-deepseek/src/index.ts
index f9f223b6ff..c0d0df0f08 100644
--- a/packages/llm/llm-deepseek/src/index.ts
+++ b/packages/llm/llm-deepseek/src/index.ts
@@ -8,7 +8,8 @@
 import type { Context } from 'cordis'
 import z from 'schemastery'
 import type {} from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm'
-import { DeepSeekAdapter } from './adapter.ts'
+import { MAX_TIMER_DELAY_MS } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-timeout'
+import { DEFAULT_STREAM_IDLE_TIMEOUT_MS, DeepSeekAdapter } from './adapter.ts'
 import type { DeepSeekCatalogModel } from './adapter.ts'
 
 export { DeepSeekAdapter } from './adapter.ts'
@@ -41,6 +42,8 @@ export interface Config {
   reasoningEffort?: 'high' | 'max'
   /** Advisory models shown by discovery consumers; defaults to V4 Flash and V4 Pro. */
   models?: DeepSeekCatalogModel[]
+  /** Maximum provider idle time while one stream read is outstanding (default five minutes). */
+  streamIdleTimeoutMs?: number
 }
 
 const catalogModel: z<DeepSeekCatalogModel> = z.object({
@@ -55,6 +58,7 @@ export const Config: z<Config> = z.object({
   thinking: z.union(['enabled', 'disabled']),
   reasoningEffort: z.union(['high', 'max']),
   models: z.array(catalogModel).default(DEFAULT_MODELS),
+  streamIdleTimeoutMs: z.number().min(Number.MIN_VALUE).max(MAX_TIMER_DELAY_MS).default(DEFAULT_STREAM_IDLE_TIMEOUT_MS),
 })
 
 /** Public API default; the internal endpoint comes from $DEEPSEEK_BASE_URL. */
@@ -92,5 +96,6 @@ export function apply(ctx: Context, config: Config): void {
       reasoningEffort: config.reasoningEffort,
     },
     models: resolveModels(config.models),
+    streamIdleTimeoutMs: config.streamIdleTimeoutMs ?? DEFAULT_STREAM_IDLE_TIMEOUT_MS,
   }))
 }
diff --git a/packages/llm/llm-deepseek/src/translate.ts b/packages/llm/llm-deepseek/src/translate.ts
index c66271246c..f0b5eaf789 100644
--- a/packages/llm/llm-deepseek/src/translate.ts
+++ b/packages/llm/llm-deepseek/src/translate.ts
@@ -35,7 +35,10 @@ export function mapFinishReason(reason: string): FinishReason {
     case 'length': return { kind: 'max-tokens' }
     default:
       // content_filter, insufficient_system_resource, future additions.
-      return { kind: 'error', message: `model stopped: ${reason}`, code: reason.toUpperCase() }
+      return {
+        kind: 'error',
+        failure: { message: `model stopped: ${reason}`, code: reason.toUpperCase() },
+      }
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/packages/llm/llm-deepseek/tests/adapter.spec.ts b/packages/llm/llm-deepseek/tests/adapter.spec.ts
index b92f96dbda..0b2dae67bf 100644
--- a/packages/llm/llm-deepseek/tests/adapter.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/llm/llm-deepseek/tests/adapter.spec.ts
@@ -2,7 +2,15 @@ import { createServer } from 'node:http'
 import type { IncomingMessage, Server, ServerResponse } from 'node:http'
 import { afterEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest'
 import { Context } from 'cordis'
-import LlmService, { CONTEXT_WINDOW_EXCEEDED_CODE, errorChain, LlmError, userAgent } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm'
+import LlmService, {
+  CONTEXT_WINDOW_EXCEEDED_CODE,
+  errorChain,
+  LlmError,
+  ProviderRequestId,
+  QUOTA_EXCEEDED_CODE,
+  userAgent,
+} from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm'
+import { MAX_TIMER_DELAY_MS } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-timeout'
 import { SessionId } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-session'
 import * as LlmDeepSeek from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm-deepseek'
 import { DeepSeekAdapter } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm-deepseek'
@@ -12,7 +20,7 @@ import { assemble } from './assemble.ts'
 /** One scripted behavior for the next request the mock server receives. */
 type Behavior =
   | { kind: 'sse'; events: string[]; delayMs?: number }
-  | { kind: 'http-error'; status: number; body: string; contentType?: string }
+  | { kind: 'http-error'; status: number; body: string; contentType?: string; headers?: Record<string, string> }
   | { kind: 'close-early'; events: string[] }
 
 interface MockServer {
@@ -30,6 +38,7 @@ const servers: Server[] = []
 afterEach(async () => {
   await Promise.all(servers.splice(0).map(server => new Promise(resolve => server.close(resolve))))
   vi.unstubAllEnvs()
+  vi.useRealTimers()
 })
 
 /** Local chat-completions stand-in: replays scripted behaviors per request. */
@@ -48,7 +57,10 @@ async function mockServer(script: Behavior[]): Promise<MockServer> {
         return
       }
       if (behavior.kind === 'http-error') {
-        response.writeHead(behavior.status, { 'content-type': behavior.contentType ?? 'application/json' })
+        response.writeHead(behavior.status, {
+          'content-type': behavior.contentType ?? 'application/json',
+          ...behavior.headers,
+        })
         response.end(behavior.body)
         return
       }
@@ -202,6 +214,84 @@ describe('DeepSeekAdapter against a mock server', () => {
     expect(code).toBe(CONTEXT_WINDOW_EXCEEDED_CODE)
   })
 
+  it('retains status, Retry-After seconds, and provider request id as structured facts', async () => {
+    const server = await mockServer([{
+      kind: 'http-error',
+      status: 429,
+      body: JSON.stringify({ error: { message: 'slow down' } }),
+      headers: { 'retry-after': '2', 'x-request-id': 'req-429' },
+    }])
+    const ctx = await harness(server.url)
+    let thrown: unknown
+    try {
+      await assemble(ctx, { model: 'deepseek-v4-flash', messages: [] })
+    } catch (error: unknown) {
+      thrown = error
+    }
+    expect(thrown).toBeInstanceOf(LlmError)
+    expect((thrown as LlmError).failure).toEqual({
+      message: 'slow down',
+      code: 'RATE_LIMIT',
+      status: 429,
+      providerRetryAfterMs: 2_000,
+      requestId: ProviderRequestId('req-429'),
+    })
+  })
+
+  it('parses a future Retry-After HTTP date and the DeepSeek request-id fallback', async () => {
+    const now = 1_800_000_000_000
+    const dateNow = vi.spyOn(Date, 'now').mockReturnValue(now)
+    try {
+      const server = await mockServer([{
+        kind: 'http-error',
+        status: 503,
+        body: JSON.stringify({ error: { message: 'come back later' } }),
+        headers: {
+          'retry-after': new Date(now + 3_000).toUTCString(),
+          'x-deepseek-request-id': 'deepseek-503',
+        },
+      }])
+      const ctx = await harness(server.url)
+      await expect(assemble(ctx, { model: 'deepseek-v4-flash', messages: [] }))
+        .rejects.toMatchObject({
+          failure: {
+            message: 'come back later',
+            code: 'SERVER',
+            status: 503,
+            providerRetryAfterMs: 3_000,
+            requestId: ProviderRequestId('deepseek-503'),
+          },
+        })
+    } finally {
+      dateNow.mockRestore()
+    }
+  })
+
+  it('omits zero, non-finite, invalid, and past Retry-After values', async () => {
+    const values = [
+      '0',
+      '9'.repeat(400),
+      'not-a-date',
+      new Date(0).toUTCString(),
+    ]
+    for (const value of values) {
+      const server = await mockServer([{
+        kind: 'http-error',
+        status: 429,
+        body: JSON.stringify({ error: { message: 'retry later' } }),
+        headers: { 'retry-after': value },
+      }])
+      const ctx = await harness(server.url)
+      let thrown: LlmError | undefined
+      try {
+        await assemble(ctx, { model: 'deepseek-v4-flash', messages: [] })
+      } catch (error: unknown) {
+        if (error instanceof LlmError) thrown = error
+      }
+      expect(thrown?.failure).toEqual({ message: 'retry later', code: 'RATE_LIMIT', status: 429 })
+    }
+  })
+
   it('classifies only context-capacity HTTP 400 details as context overflow', () => {
     expect(httpErrorCode(400, { message: 'request too large for model context' }))
       .toBe(CONTEXT_WINDOW_EXCEEDED_CODE)
@@ -210,6 +300,12 @@ describe('DeepSeekAdapter against a mock server', () => {
     expect(httpErrorCode(413, { code: 'context_length_exceeded' })).toBe('HTTP_413')
   })
 
+  it('distinguishes terminal quota exhaustion from transient HTTP 429 throttling', () => {
+    expect(httpErrorCode(429, { code: 'insufficient_quota', message: 'account credits exhausted' }))
+      .toBe(QUOTA_EXCEEDED_CODE)
+    expect(httpErrorCode(429, { message: 'request rate limit exceeded' })).toBe('RATE_LIMIT')
+  })
+
   it('keeps the status-line message for JSON error bodies without a message', async () => {
     const server = await mockServer([{ kind: 'http-error', status: 500, body: '{"error":{"type":"x"}}' }])
     const ctx = await harness(server.url)
@@ -228,7 +324,7 @@ describe('DeepSeekAdapter against a mock server', () => {
     expect(httpErrorCode(418)).toBe('HTTP_418')
   })
 
-  it('wraps a transport failure in NETWORK with the fetch cause chain in the message', async () => {
+  it('wraps a transport failure in TRANSPORT with the fetch cause chain in the message', async () => {
     // Port 1 is reserved/unbound: fetch rejects with `TypeError: fetch failed`
     // whose actionable detail (ECONNREFUSED) lives on `cause`.
     const ctx = await harness('http://127.0.0.1:1')
@@ -240,14 +336,14 @@ describe('DeepSeekAdapter against a mock server', () => {
     }
     expect(caught).toBeInstanceOf(LlmError)
     const llmError = caught as LlmError
-    expect(llmError.code).toBe('NETWORK')
+    expect(llmError.code).toBe('TRANSPORT')
     expect(llmError.message).toContain('http://127.0.0.1:1')
     expect(llmError.cause).toBeInstanceOf(TypeError)
     // The chain renderer reaches the transport diagnosis through the cause.
     expect(errorChain(llmError)).toMatch(/ECONNREFUSED|EADDRNOTAVAIL|bad port/)
   })
 
-  it('keeps an abort rejection unwrapped so the loop classifies it as cancellation', async () => {
+  it('classifies an aborted request without losing the transport rejection', async () => {
     const controller = new AbortController()
     controller.abort()
     const ctx = await harness('http://127.0.0.1:1')
@@ -257,8 +353,9 @@ describe('DeepSeekAdapter against a mock server', () => {
     } catch (error: unknown) {
       caught = error
     }
-    expect(caught).not.toBeInstanceOf(LlmError)
-    expect((caught as Error).name).toBe('AbortError')
+    expect(caught).toBeInstanceOf(LlmError)
+    expect(caught).toMatchObject({ code: 'ABORTED' })
+    expect((caught as LlmError).cause).toMatchObject({ name: 'AbortError' })
   })
 
   it('throws EMPTY_RESPONSE when the response has no body', async () => {
@@ -276,14 +373,20 @@ describe('DeepSeekAdapter against a mock server', () => {
     }
   })
 
-  it('rejects with STREAM_CLOSED when the server drops mid-stream', async () => {
+  it('classifies an abrupt body close as TRANSPORT and retains its cause', async () => {
     const server = await mockServer([{
       kind: 'close-early',
       events: ['{"choices":[{"delta":{"content":"par"}}]}'],
     }])
     const ctx = await harness(server.url)
-    await expect(assemble(ctx,{ model: 'deepseek-v4-flash', messages: [] }))
-      .rejects.toThrow(/terminated|socket|without \[DONE\]/)
+    let caught: unknown
+    try {
+      await assemble(ctx,{ model: 'deepseek-v4-flash', messages: [] })
+    } catch (error: unknown) {
+      caught = error
+    }
+    expect(caught).toMatchObject({ code: 'TRANSPORT' })
+    expect(errorChain(caught)).toMatch(/terminated|socket|without \[DONE\]/)
   })
 
   it('aborts mid-stream via the request signal', async () => {
@@ -305,7 +408,76 @@ describe('DeepSeekAdapter against a mock server', () => {
     })()
 
     setTimeout(() => { controller.abort() }, 30)
-    await expect(pending).rejects.toThrow()
+    await expect(pending).rejects.toMatchObject({ code: 'ABORTED' })
+  })
+
+  it('maps connection failures to TRANSPORT without losing the cause', async () => {
+    const cause = new TypeError('connection refused')
+    const fetchSpy = vi.spyOn(globalThis, 'fetch').mockRejectedValue(cause)
+    const adapter = new DeepSeekAdapter({ apiKey: 'k', baseURL: 'https://example.invalid' })
+    try {
+      const drain = async (): Promise<void> => {
+        for await (const _chunk of adapter.stream({ provider: 'deepseek', model: 'm', messages: [] })) { /* drain */ }
+      }
+      await expect(drain()).rejects.toMatchObject({ code: 'TRANSPORT', cause })
+    } finally {
+      fetchSpy.mockRestore()
+    }
+  })
+
+  it('renders a non-Error transport rejection without losing its cause', async () => {
+    const fetchSpy = vi.spyOn(globalThis, 'fetch').mockImplementation(() => {
+      const failed = Promise.withResolvers<Response>()
+      failed.reject('offline')
+      return failed.promise
+    })
+    const adapter = new DeepSeekAdapter({ apiKey: 'k', baseURL: 'https://example.invalid' })
+    try {
+      const drain = async (): Promise<void> => {
+        for await (const _chunk of adapter.stream({ provider: 'deepseek', model: 'm', messages: [] })) { /* drain */ }
+      }
+      await expect(drain()).rejects.toMatchObject({
+        message: 'DeepSeek API request to https://example.invalid failed',
+        code: 'TRANSPORT',
+        cause: 'offline',
+      })
+    } finally {
+      fetchSpy.mockRestore()
+    }
+  })
+
+  it('aborts the underlying body when the stream stays idle past its watchdog', async () => {
+    vi.useFakeTimers()
+    let stopped = false
+    const fetchSpy = vi.spyOn(globalThis, 'fetch').mockImplementation((_input, init) => {
+      const signal = init?.signal
+      const body = new ReadableStream<Uint8Array>({
+        start(controller) {
+          signal?.addEventListener('abort', () => {
+            stopped = true
+            controller.error(signal.reason)
+          }, { once: true })
+        },
+      })
+      return Promise.resolve(new Response(body, { status: 200 }))
+    })
+    const adapter = new DeepSeekAdapter({
+      apiKey: 'k',
+      baseURL: 'https://example.invalid',
+      streamIdleTimeoutMs: 100,
+    })
+    try {
+      const drain = (async () => {
+        for await (const _chunk of adapter.stream({ provider: 'deepseek', model: 'm', messages: [] })) { /* drain */ }
+      })()
+      const rejected = expect(drain).rejects.toMatchObject({ code: 'TIMEOUT' })
+      await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(0)
+      await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(100)
+      await rejected
+      expect(stopped).toBe(true)
+    } finally {
+      fetchSpy.mockRestore()
+    }
   })
 })
 
@@ -452,4 +624,30 @@ describe('plugin registration and config', () => {
     expect(adapter).toBeInstanceOf(DeepSeekAdapter)
     await expect(adapter.listModels('deepseek')).resolves.toEqual([])
   })
+
+  it('rejects invalid idle watchdog bounds for direct and plugin composition', async () => {
+    expect(() => new DeepSeekAdapter({
+      apiKey: 'k',
+      baseURL: 'http://127.0.0.1:1',
+      streamIdleTimeoutMs: Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY,
+    })).toThrow(/streamIdleTimeoutMs.*positive finite/)
+    expect(() => new DeepSeekAdapter({
+      apiKey: 'k',
+      baseURL: 'http://127.0.0.1:1',
+      streamIdleTimeoutMs: MAX_TIMER_DELAY_MS + 1,
+    })).toThrow(/streamIdleTimeoutMs.*no greater/)
+
+    const ctx = new Context()
+    await ctx.plugin(LlmService)
+    await expect(ctx.plugin(LlmDeepSeek, {
+      apiKey: 'k',
+      baseURL: 'http://127.0.0.1:1',
+      streamIdleTimeoutMs: 0,
+    })).rejects.toThrow(/streamIdleTimeoutMs/)
+    await expect(ctx.plugin(LlmDeepSeek, {
+      apiKey: 'k',
+      baseURL: 'http://127.0.0.1:1',
+      streamIdleTimeoutMs: MAX_TIMER_DELAY_MS + 1,
+    })).rejects.toThrow(/streamIdleTimeoutMs/)
+  })
 })
diff --git a/packages/llm/llm-deepseek/tests/translate.spec.ts b/packages/llm/llm-deepseek/tests/translate.spec.ts
index e62cebc4af..4ae833dc4c 100644
--- a/packages/llm/llm-deepseek/tests/translate.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/llm/llm-deepseek/tests/translate.spec.ts
@@ -232,8 +232,7 @@ describe('mapFinishReason', () => {
     (wire) => {
       expect(mapFinishReason(wire)).toEqual({
         kind: 'error',
-        message: `model stopped: ${wire}`,
-        code: wire.toUpperCase(),
+        failure: { message: `model stopped: ${wire}`, code: wire.toUpperCase() },
       })
     },
   )
diff --git a/packages/llm/llm-deepseek/tsconfig.json b/packages/llm/llm-deepseek/tsconfig.json
index e9de391ba1..5e427d88b9 100644
--- a/packages/llm/llm-deepseek/tsconfig.json
+++ b/packages/llm/llm-deepseek/tsconfig.json
@@ -19,6 +19,9 @@
     },
     {
       "path": "../../llm/llm"
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "../../util/timeout"
     }
   ]
 }
diff --git a/packages/llm/llm-pi-ai/README.md b/packages/llm/llm-pi-ai/README.md
index 06395d701c..bedfc5517d 100644
--- a/packages/llm/llm-pi-ai/README.md
+++ b/packages/llm/llm-pi-ai/README.md
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ Configure credentials and deployment-specific transport settings per provider. O
         reasoning: high
       - provider: anthropic
         apiKey: !!js process.env.ANTHROPIC_API_KEY
-        maxRetries: 2
+        streamIdleTimeoutMs: 300000
       - provider: openrouter
         apiKey: !!js process.env.OPENROUTER_API_KEY
         headers:
@@ -30,7 +30,9 @@ Each provider name must exist in pi-ai's installed catalog and may appear only o
 
 The adapter exposes each configured provider's installed pi-ai models through `ctx.llm.listModels(provider)`. This is provider-neutral selector metadata derived from `getModels(provider)`; request-time resolution still performs the authoritative catalog lookup, so discovery does not create a second model registry.
 
-Supported profile fields are `provider`, `apiKey`, `baseURL`, `headers`, `reasoning`, `thinkingBudgets`, `cacheRetention`, `transport`, `timeoutMs`, `websocketConnectTimeoutMs`, `maxRetries`, and `maxRetryDelayMs`. They map to pi-ai's common stream options. Harness app attribution wins a conflicting configured header name.
+Supported profile fields are `provider`, `apiKey`, `baseURL`, `headers`, `reasoning`, `thinkingBudgets`, `cacheRetention`, `transport`, `timeoutMs`, `websocketConnectTimeoutMs`, and `streamIdleTimeoutMs`. The stream-idle interval is a positive finite Node timer delay, defaults to five minutes, and covers only an outstanding provider read, not consumer think time. Harness app attribution wins a conflicting configured header name.
+
+The adapter forces pi-ai's SDK `maxRetries` to zero so one `stream()` call makes one provider request. The removed profile fields `maxRetries` and `maxRetryDelayMs` fail load instead of silently multiplying or hiding the separately composed agent-level retry budget. Idle expiry aborts the SDK's stable request signal and surfaces `TIMEOUT`; an earlier caller abort remains `ABORTED`.
 
 ## Provider/model routing and replay
 
@@ -43,7 +45,7 @@ If a listener rewrites assembled assistant content, the loop drops replay state
 ## Vocabulary differences
 
 - pi-ai tool-call arguments are parsed objects; the harness stores raw JSON strings. The adapter parses input and re-stringifies output.
-- pi-ai reports failures as in-stream error events; these map to `finish {kind:'error'|'aborted'}` chunks. Provider-specific error text and usage signals evaluated against the resolved model's context window normalize overflow to `CONTEXT_WINDOW_EXCEEDED`.
+- pi-ai reports failures as in-stream error events; these map to `finish {kind:'error'|'aborted', failure}` chunks. Provider-specific error text distinguishes terminal `QUOTA` from transient `RATE_LIMIT`, while text and usage signals evaluated against the resolved model's context window normalize overflow to `CONTEXT_WINDOW_EXCEEDED`.
 - pi-ai folds reasoning tokens into output usage; there is no separate reasoning count to map.
 - `GenerateOptions.stop` is rejected with `UNSUPPORTED_OPTION` because pi-ai's common streaming surface cannot guarantee it across providers.
 
@@ -57,7 +59,7 @@ pi-ai installs several provider SDKs and lazy-loads the one selected by the cata
 
 ## Testing
 
-Unit tests use pi-ai catalog models redirected to local mock servers and cover provider/profile routing, native API selection, endpoint overrides, attribution, conversion, replay-state validation, and cross-provider/model replay within one adapter instance. Real-API coverage remains key-gated under `pnpm run test:e2e`.
+Unit tests use pi-ai catalog models redirected to local mock servers and cover provider/profile routing, one wire request per adapter call, idle-timeout response termination, caller abort, native API selection, endpoint overrides, attribution, conversion, replay-state validation, and cross-provider/model replay within one adapter instance. Real-API coverage remains key-gated under `pnpm run test:e2e`.
 
 ## Model Experience
 
@@ -95,3 +97,4 @@ Recorded response content appends to the next request and does not invalidate it
 - **`GenerateOptions.stop` is unsupported** — pi-ai's common stream options cannot guarantee stop-sequence behavior across providers, so the adapter rejects the field.
 - **In-history `system` messages use pi-ai's common context conversion** — provider-specific placement follows pi-ai rather than a harness-owned wire override.
 - **Provider HTTP status is unavailable** — pi-ai error events do not expose a stable HTTP status across providers; failures expose only stable harness error codes.
+- **Retry policy is not an adapter option** — SDK retries are disabled so durable agent steps and `llm/retry` events own every visible attempt; direct `ctx.llm.stream()` calls remain single-attempt.
diff --git a/packages/llm/llm-pi-ai/package.json b/packages/llm/llm-pi-ai/package.json
index c922467deb..2a5aed1d76 100644
--- a/packages/llm/llm-pi-ai/package.json
+++ b/packages/llm/llm-pi-ai/package.json
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
   "license": "BSD-3-Clause",
   "peerDependencies": {
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm": "^0.0.1",
+    "@deepseek-ai/dsh-timeout": "^0.0.1",
     "cordis": "^4.0.0-rc.7"
   },
   "dependencies": {
@@ -32,6 +33,7 @@
   "devDependencies": {
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm": "workspace:^",
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm-deepseek": "workspace:^",
+    "@deepseek-ai/dsh-timeout": "workspace:^",
     "cordis": "^4.0.0-rc.7"
   }
 }
diff --git a/packages/llm/llm-pi-ai/src/adapter.ts b/packages/llm/llm-pi-ai/src/adapter.ts
index 7f40c67da3..25240109bb 100644
--- a/packages/llm/llm-pi-ai/src/adapter.ts
+++ b/packages/llm/llm-pi-ai/src/adapter.ts
@@ -16,7 +16,9 @@ import type {
 } from '@earendil-works/pi-ai'
 import { attributionHeaders, LlmAdapter, LlmError } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm'
 import type { GenerateOptions, LlmModelInfo, StreamChunk } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm'
-import type { PiAiProviderProfile } from './config.ts'
+import { idleWatchdog, timeoutOf } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-timeout'
+import { resolveProfiles } from './config.ts'
+import type { PiAiProviderProfile, ResolvedPiAiProviderProfile } from './config.ts'
 import { toPiContext } from './context.ts'
 import { toStreamChunks } from './stream.ts'
 
@@ -48,8 +50,8 @@ function profileOptions(profile: PiAiProviderProfile): SimpleStreamOptions {
     ...profile.transport === undefined ? {} : { transport: profile.transport },
     ...profile.timeoutMs === undefined ? {} : { timeoutMs: profile.timeoutMs },
     ...profile.websocketConnectTimeoutMs === undefined ? {} : { websocketConnectTimeoutMs: profile.websocketConnectTimeoutMs },
-    ...profile.maxRetries === undefined ? {} : { maxRetries: profile.maxRetries },
-    ...profile.maxRetryDelayMs === undefined ? {} : { maxRetryDelayMs: profile.maxRetryDelayMs },
+    // The agent recovery layer owns visible attempts; one adapter call is one SDK attempt.
+    maxRetries: 0,
   }
 }
 
@@ -68,11 +70,11 @@ function requestHeaders(headers: Readonly<Record<string, string>> | undefined):
  * request, so models need not be registered during the Cordis lifecycle.
  */
 export class PiAiAdapter extends LlmAdapter {
-  private readonly profiles: ReadonlyMap<string, PiAiProviderProfile>
+  private readonly profiles: ReadonlyMap<string, ResolvedPiAiProviderProfile>
 
   constructor(options: PiAiAdapterOptions) {
     super()
-    this.profiles = new Map(options.profiles.map(profile => [profile.provider, profile]))
+    this.profiles = new Map(resolveProfiles(options.profiles).map(profile => [profile.provider, profile]))
   }
 
   override listModels(provider: string): Promise<readonly LlmModelInfo[]> {
@@ -97,12 +99,12 @@ export class PiAiAdapter extends LlmAdapter {
     }
     const model = resolveModel(profile, options.model)
 
-    // Pi-ai has no iterator-return cancellation hook. Chain an internal signal
-    // and abort it when this generator exits so early consumers stop the HTTP stream.
-    const controller = new AbortController()
-    const onCallerAbort = (): void => { controller.abort(options.signal?.reason) }
-    if (options.signal?.aborted) controller.abort(options.signal.reason)
-    else options.signal?.addEventListener('abort', onCallerAbort, { once: true })
+    const consumer = new AbortController()
+    const upstream = options.signal === undefined
+      ? consumer.signal
+      : AbortSignal.any([options.signal, consumer.signal])
+    const streamIdleTimeoutMs = profile.streamIdleTimeoutMs
+    using watchdog = idleWatchdog(upstream, streamIdleTimeoutMs, 'LLM_STREAM_IDLE_TIMEOUT')
 
     try {
       const events = streamSimple(model, toPiContext(options), {
@@ -110,15 +112,44 @@ export class PiAiAdapter extends LlmAdapter {
         ...options.temperature === undefined ? {} : { temperature: options.temperature },
         ...options.maxTokens === undefined ? {} : { maxTokens: options.maxTokens },
         ...options.sessionId === undefined ? {} : { sessionId: String(options.sessionId) },
-        signal: controller.signal,
+        signal: watchdog.signal,
         // Profile headers are deployment-owned; attribution names are
         // Harness-owned and therefore win collisions.
         headers: requestHeaders(profile.headers),
       })
-      yield* toStreamChunks(events, model.contextWindow)
+      const iterator = toStreamChunks(events, model.contextWindow)[Symbol.asyncIterator]()
+      let exhausted = false
+      try {
+        while (true) {
+          const result = await watchdog.next(iterator)
+          const timeout = timeoutOf(watchdog.signal, 'LLM_STREAM_IDLE_TIMEOUT')
+          if (timeout !== undefined) throw timeout
+          if (result.done) {
+            exhausted = true
+            return
+          }
+          yield result.value
+        }
+      } finally {
+        if (!exhausted) {
+          consumer.abort('pi-ai stream consumer stopped')
+          try {
+            await iterator.return(undefined)
+          } catch (_abortedSdkTeardown) {
+            // The stable signal already owns SDK termination; return-time abort cannot add an outcome.
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    } catch (error: unknown) {
+      if (timeoutOf(watchdog.signal, 'LLM_STREAM_IDLE_TIMEOUT') !== undefined) {
+        throw new LlmError(`pi-ai stream idle timeout after ${streamIdleTimeoutMs}ms`, 'TIMEOUT', { cause: error })
+      }
+      if (options.signal?.aborted) {
+        throw new LlmError('pi-ai request aborted by caller', 'ABORTED', { cause: error })
+      }
+      throw error
     } finally {
-      options.signal?.removeEventListener('abort', onCallerAbort)
-      controller.abort('consumer stopped streaming')
+      consumer.abort('pi-ai stream consumer stopped')
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/packages/llm/llm-pi-ai/src/config.ts b/packages/llm/llm-pi-ai/src/config.ts
index f7570aff64..d5b5d70867 100644
--- a/packages/llm/llm-pi-ai/src/config.ts
+++ b/packages/llm/llm-pi-ai/src/config.ts
@@ -7,6 +7,10 @@
 import { getProviders } from '@earendil-works/pi-ai'
 import type { CacheRetention, ThinkingBudgets, ThinkingLevel, Transport } from '@earendil-works/pi-ai'
 import z from 'schemastery'
+import { MAX_TIMER_DELAY_MS } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-timeout'
+
+/** Default maximum idle interval while an adapter stream read is outstanding. */
+export const DEFAULT_STREAM_IDLE_TIMEOUT_MS = 300_000
 
 /** Configuration for one pi-ai provider route. */
 export interface PiAiProviderProfile {
@@ -30,10 +34,14 @@ export interface PiAiProviderProfile {
   timeoutMs?: number
   /** WebSocket connection timeout in milliseconds. */
   websocketConnectTimeoutMs?: number
-  /** Provider SDK retry count. */
-  maxRetries?: number
-  /** Maximum provider-requested retry delay in milliseconds. */
-  maxRetryDelayMs?: number
+  /** Maximum provider idle time while one stream read is outstanding. */
+  streamIdleTimeoutMs?: number
+}
+
+/** Validated profile with every adapter-owned default resolved. */
+export interface ResolvedPiAiProviderProfile extends PiAiProviderProfile {
+  /** Positive finite provider-idle interval after defaulting. */
+  streamIdleTimeoutMs: number
 }
 
 /** Plugin configuration: the non-empty provider profiles this instance owns. */
@@ -60,8 +68,7 @@ const profile = z.object({
   transport: z.union(['sse', 'websocket', 'websocket-cached', 'auto']),
   timeoutMs: z.natural(),
   websocketConnectTimeoutMs: z.natural(),
-  maxRetries: z.natural(),
-  maxRetryDelayMs: z.natural(),
+  streamIdleTimeoutMs: z.number().min(Number.MIN_VALUE).max(MAX_TIMER_DELAY_MS).default(DEFAULT_STREAM_IDLE_TIMEOUT_MS),
 })
 
 /** Runtime schema for {@link Config}. */
@@ -75,11 +82,18 @@ export const Config: z<Config> = z.object({
  * @param profiles - configured provider profiles.
  * @returns validated profiles in configuration order.
  */
-export function resolveProfiles(profiles: readonly PiAiProviderProfile[]): PiAiProviderProfile[] {
+export function resolveProfiles(profiles: readonly PiAiProviderProfile[]): ResolvedPiAiProviderProfile[] {
   if (profiles.length === 0) throw new Error('llm-pi-ai: providers must contain at least one profile')
   const supported = new Set<string>(getProviders())
   const seen = new Set<string>()
   return profiles.map((source) => {
+    const legacy = source as PiAiProviderProfile & {
+      maxRetries?: unknown
+      maxRetryDelayMs?: unknown
+    }
+    if ('maxRetries' in legacy || 'maxRetryDelayMs' in legacy) {
+      throw new Error('llm-pi-ai: maxRetries and maxRetryDelayMs were removed; compose agent recovery with dsh-llm-retry')
+    }
     if (source.provider.length === 0) throw new Error('llm-pi-ai: provider names must be non-empty')
     if (!supported.has(source.provider)) throw new Error(`llm-pi-ai: unknown pi-ai provider "${source.provider}"`)
     if (seen.has(source.provider)) throw new Error(`llm-pi-ai: duplicate provider profile "${source.provider}"`)
@@ -89,9 +103,18 @@ export function resolveProfiles(profiles: readonly PiAiProviderProfile[]): PiAiP
     if (source.baseURL !== undefined && source.baseURL.length === 0) {
       throw new Error(`llm-pi-ai: provider "${source.provider}" has an empty baseURL`)
     }
+    const streamIdleTimeoutMs = source.streamIdleTimeoutMs ?? DEFAULT_STREAM_IDLE_TIMEOUT_MS
+    if (!Number.isFinite(streamIdleTimeoutMs)
+      || streamIdleTimeoutMs <= 0
+      || streamIdleTimeoutMs > MAX_TIMER_DELAY_MS) {
+      throw new Error(
+        `llm-pi-ai: provider "${source.provider}" streamIdleTimeoutMs must be a positive finite number no greater than ${MAX_TIMER_DELAY_MS}`,
+      )
+    }
     seen.add(source.provider)
     return {
       ...source,
+      streamIdleTimeoutMs,
       ...source.headers === undefined ? {} : { headers: { ...source.headers } },
       ...source.thinkingBudgets === undefined ? {} : { thinkingBudgets: { ...source.thinkingBudgets } },
     }
diff --git a/packages/llm/llm-pi-ai/src/stream.ts b/packages/llm/llm-pi-ai/src/stream.ts
index c1a85addf0..37736af716 100644
--- a/packages/llm/llm-pi-ai/src/stream.ts
+++ b/packages/llm/llm-pi-ai/src/stream.ts
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
  * @module dsh-llm-pi-ai/stream
  */
 
-import { CallId, CONTEXT_WINDOW_EXCEEDED_CODE, isContextWindowExceededError, LlmError } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm'
+import { CallId, CONTEXT_WINDOW_EXCEEDED_CODE, isContextWindowExceededError, isQuotaExceededError, LlmError, QUOTA_EXCEEDED_CODE } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm'
 import type { FinishReason, StreamChunk, TokenUsage } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm'
 import { isContextOverflow } from '@earendil-works/pi-ai'
 import type { AssistantMessage, AssistantMessageEvent, Usage as PiUsage } from '@earendil-works/pi-ai'
@@ -30,9 +30,15 @@ export function mapUsage(usage: PiUsage): TokenUsage {
 
 function classifyPiAiError(message: string): string {
   if (/\b(?:401|403)\b/.test(message)) return 'AUTH'
+  if (isQuotaExceededError(message)) return QUOTA_EXCEEDED_CODE
   if (/\b429\b|rate.?limit/i.test(message)) return 'RATE_LIMIT'
   if (/\b400\b|invalid.?request/i.test(message)) return 'INVALID_REQUEST'
   if (/\b5\d\d\b/.test(message)) return 'SERVER'
+  if (/\btime(?:d)?\s*out\b|timeout/i.test(message)) return 'TIMEOUT'
+  if (/\b(?:network|connection|socket|fetch)\b|\bECONN[A-Z]+\b/i.test(message)
+    || /\b(?:other side closed|HTTP2 request did not get a response|WebSocket closed unexpectedly)\b/i.test(message)) {
+    return 'TRANSPORT'
+  }
   return 'PI_AI_ERROR'
 }
 
@@ -52,8 +58,10 @@ export function mapStopReason(message: AssistantMessage, contextWindow?: number)
   if (piAiOverflow || harnessOverflow) {
     return {
       kind: 'error',
-      message: message.errorMessage ?? `pi-ai detected context overflow for model "${message.model}"`,
-      code: CONTEXT_WINDOW_EXCEEDED_CODE,
+      failure: {
+        message: message.errorMessage ?? `pi-ai detected context overflow for model "${message.model}"`,
+        code: CONTEXT_WINDOW_EXCEEDED_CODE,
+      },
     }
   }
 
@@ -61,10 +69,13 @@ export function mapStopReason(message: AssistantMessage, contextWindow?: number)
     case 'stop': return { kind: 'stop' }
     case 'length': return { kind: 'max-tokens' }
     case 'toolUse': return { kind: 'tool-calls' }
-    case 'aborted': return { kind: 'aborted' }
+    case 'aborted': return {
+      kind: 'aborted',
+      failure: { message: message.errorMessage ?? 'pi-ai stream aborted', code: 'ABORTED' },
+    }
     case 'error': {
       const text = message.errorMessage ?? 'pi-ai stream error'
-      return { kind: 'error', message: text, code: classifyPiAiError(text) }
+      return { kind: 'error', failure: { message: text, code: classifyPiAiError(text) } }
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/packages/llm/llm-pi-ai/tests/adapter.spec.ts b/packages/llm/llm-pi-ai/tests/adapter.spec.ts
index 51f78e7760..1b7445fa56 100644
--- a/packages/llm/llm-pi-ai/tests/adapter.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/llm/llm-pi-ai/tests/adapter.spec.ts
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import LlmService, { CONTEXT_WINDOW_EXCEEDED_CODE, LlmError, userAgent } from '@
 import * as LlmPiAi from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm-pi-ai'
 import { PiAiAdapter } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm-pi-ai'
 import { getModels } from '@earendil-works/pi-ai'
+import { MAX_TIMER_DELAY_MS } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-timeout'
 import { resolveProfiles } from '../src/config.ts'
 import { assemble } from './assemble.ts'
 
@@ -14,6 +15,8 @@ interface MockServer {
   paths: string[]
   requests: unknown[]
   headers: IncomingMessage['headers'][]
+  readonly closedResponses: number
+  responseClosed: Promise<void>
 }
 
 const servers: Server[] = []
@@ -23,11 +26,23 @@ afterEach(async () => {
   await Promise.all(servers.splice(0).map(server => new Promise(resolve => server.close(resolve))))
 })
 
-async function mockServer(script: { status?: number; events?: string[]; body?: string; delayMs?: number }[]): Promise<MockServer> {
+async function mockServer(script: {
+  status?: number
+  events?: string[]
+  body?: string
+  delayMs?: number
+  headers?: Record<string, string>
+}[]): Promise<MockServer> {
   const paths: string[] = []
   const requests: unknown[] = []
   const headers: IncomingMessage['headers'][] = []
+  let closedResponses = 0
+  const responseClosed = Promise.withResolvers<undefined>()
   const server = createServer((request: IncomingMessage, response: ServerResponse) => {
+    response.on('close', () => {
+      closedResponses += 1
+      responseClosed.resolve(undefined)
+    })
     let body = ''
     request.on('data', (chunk: Buffer) => { body += chunk.toString('utf8') })
     request.on('end', () => {
@@ -36,7 +51,7 @@ async function mockServer(script: { status?: number; events?: string[]; body?: s
       headers.push(request.headers)
       const behavior = script.shift() ?? { status: 500, body: 'script exhausted' }
       if (behavior.status !== undefined && behavior.status !== 200) {
-        response.writeHead(behavior.status, { 'content-type': 'application/json' })
+        response.writeHead(behavior.status, { 'content-type': 'application/json', ...behavior.headers })
         response.end(behavior.body ?? '{}')
         return
       }
@@ -56,7 +71,14 @@ async function mockServer(script: { status?: number; events?: string[]; body?: s
   await new Promise<void>(resolve => server.listen(0, '127.0.0.1', resolve))
   const address = server.address()
   if (address === null || typeof address === 'string') throw new Error('no port')
-  return { url: `http://127.0.0.1:${address.port}`, paths, requests, headers }
+  return {
+    url: `http://127.0.0.1:${address.port}`,
+    paths,
+    requests,
+    headers,
+    responseClosed: responseClosed.promise,
+    get closedResponses() { return closedResponses },
+  }
 }
 
 const textEvents = [
@@ -107,8 +129,7 @@ describe('PiAiAdapter provider routing', () => {
       transport: 'sse',
       timeoutMs: 5000,
       websocketConnectTimeoutMs: 3000,
-      maxRetries: 0,
-      maxRetryDelayMs: 10,
+      streamIdleTimeoutMs: 10_000,
       thinkingBudgets: { high: 2048 },
     })
     await assemble(ctx, {
@@ -161,13 +182,35 @@ describe('PiAiAdapter provider routing', () => {
     const ctx = new Context()
     await ctx.plugin(LlmService)
     await ctx.plugin(LlmPiAi, {
-      providers: [{ provider: 'openai', apiKey: 'test-key', baseURL: `${server.url}/v1`, maxRetries: 0 }],
+      providers: [{ provider: 'openai', apiKey: 'test-key', baseURL: `${server.url}/v1` }],
     })
     const result = await assemble(ctx, { provider: 'openai', model: 'gpt-4.1', messages: [] })
     expect(result.finish.kind).toBe('error')
     expect(server.paths).toEqual(['/v1/responses'])
   })
 
+  it('forces one wire request for an SDK-retryable provider failure', async () => {
+    const server = await mockServer([
+      {
+        status: 429,
+        headers: { 'retry-after-ms': '1' },
+        body: JSON.stringify({ error: { message: 'retryable provider failure' } }),
+      },
+      { status: 500, body: JSON.stringify({ error: { message: 'hidden SDK retry' } }) },
+      { status: 500, body: JSON.stringify({ error: { message: 'second hidden SDK retry' } }) },
+    ])
+    const ctx = new Context()
+    await ctx.plugin(LlmService)
+    await ctx.plugin(LlmPiAi, {
+      providers: [{ provider: 'openai', apiKey: 'test-key', baseURL: `${server.url}/v1` }],
+    })
+
+    const result = await assemble(ctx, { provider: 'openai', model: 'gpt-4.1', messages: [] })
+
+    expect(result.finish).toMatchObject({ kind: 'error' })
+    expect(server.paths).toEqual(['/v1/responses'])
+  })
+
   it('uses OpenAI Responses against an Azure project v1 path with its API key header', async () => {
     const server = await mockServer([{ status: 401, body: JSON.stringify({ error: { message: 'expected mock failure' } }) }])
     const ctx = new Context()
@@ -178,7 +221,6 @@ describe('PiAiAdapter provider routing', () => {
         apiKey: 'test-key',
         baseURL: `${server.url}/api/projects/openai/openai/v1`,
         headers: { 'api-key': 'test-key', Authorization: '' },
-        maxRetries: 0,
       }],
     })
     const result = await assemble(ctx, { provider: 'openai', model: 'gpt-5.5', messages: [] })
@@ -195,9 +237,10 @@ describe('PiAiAdapter provider routing', () => {
     [500, 'SERVER'],
   ] as const)('maps HTTP %s failures to %s', async (status, code) => {
     const server = await mockServer([{ status, body: JSON.stringify({ error: { message: `provider ${status}` } }) }])
-    const ctx = await harness(server.url, { maxRetries: 0 })
+    const ctx = await harness(server.url)
     const result = await assemble(ctx, { model: 'deepseek-v4-flash', messages: [] })
-    expect(result.finish).toMatchObject({ kind: 'error', code })
+    expect(result.finish).toMatchObject({ kind: 'error', failure: { code } })
+    expect(server.paths).toEqual(['/chat/completions'])
   })
 
   it('uses the resolved catalog context window for usage-based overflow detection', async () => {
@@ -218,10 +261,29 @@ describe('PiAiAdapter provider routing', () => {
 
     expect(result.finish).toEqual({
       kind: 'error',
-      message: `pi-ai detected context overflow for model "${model.id}"`,
-      code: CONTEXT_WINDOW_EXCEEDED_CODE,
+      failure: {
+        message: `pi-ai detected context overflow for model "${model.id}"`,
+        code: CONTEXT_WINDOW_EXCEEDED_CODE,
+      },
     })
   })
+
+  it('stops the SDK request when the adapter idle watchdog expires', async () => {
+    const server = await mockServer([{ events: textEvents, delayMs: 200 }])
+    const ctx = await harness(server.url, { streamIdleTimeoutMs: 20 })
+
+    await expect(assemble(ctx, { model: 'deepseek-v4-flash', messages: [] }))
+      .rejects.toMatchObject({ code: 'TIMEOUT' })
+    await Promise.race([
+      server.responseClosed,
+      new Promise<never>((_resolve, reject) => {
+        setTimeout(() => { reject(new Error('SDK request did not close after idle timeout')) }, 100)
+      }),
+    ])
+
+    expect(server.paths).toEqual(['/chat/completions'])
+    expect(server.closedResponses).toBe(1)
+  })
 })
 
 describe('provider profile lifecycle', () => {
@@ -280,16 +342,31 @@ describe('provider profile lifecycle', () => {
     expect(() => resolveProfiles([{ provider: 'openai', baseURL: '' }])).toThrow(/empty baseURL/)
   })
 
-  it('rejects negative or fractional stream tunables at schema validation', () => {
+  it.each(['maxRetries', 'maxRetryDelayMs'] as const)(
+    'rejects removed profile field %s instead of silently restoring hidden SDK retries',
+    async (field) => {
+      const legacy = { provider: 'openai', [field]: 2 }
+      expect(() => resolveProfiles([legacy as never])).toThrow(/removed.*agent recovery/i)
+      const ctx = new Context()
+      await ctx.plugin(LlmService)
+      await expect(ctx.plugin(LlmPiAi, { providers: [legacy as never] }))
+        .rejects.toThrow(/removed.*agent recovery/i)
+    },
+  )
+
+  it('rejects invalid stream tunables at plugin load', async () => {
     const invalid = [
       { timeoutMs: -1 },
       { websocketConnectTimeoutMs: -1 },
-      { maxRetries: -1 },
-      { maxRetries: 0.5 },
-      { maxRetryDelayMs: -1 },
+      { streamIdleTimeoutMs: 0 },
+      { streamIdleTimeoutMs: Number.NaN },
+      { streamIdleTimeoutMs: MAX_TIMER_DELAY_MS + 1 },
     ]
     for (const entry of invalid) {
-      expect(() => new LlmPiAi.Config({ providers: [{ provider: 'openai', ...entry }] })).toThrow()
+      const ctx = new Context()
+      await ctx.plugin(LlmService)
+      await expect(ctx.plugin(LlmPiAi, { providers: [{ provider: 'openai', ...entry }] }))
+        .rejects.toThrow()
     }
   })
 
@@ -301,11 +378,59 @@ describe('provider profile lifecycle', () => {
     })()).rejects.toMatchObject({ code: 'NO_ADAPTER' })
     expect(new LlmError('x', 'X')).toBeInstanceOf(Error)
   })
+
+  it('validates direct-constructor profiles at the embedding boundary', () => {
+    expect(() => new PiAiAdapter({
+      profiles: [{ provider: 'openai', streamIdleTimeoutMs: 0 }],
+    })).toThrow(/streamIdleTimeoutMs.*positive finite/)
+    expect(() => new PiAiAdapter({
+      profiles: [{ provider: 'openai', streamIdleTimeoutMs: MAX_TIMER_DELAY_MS + 1 }],
+    })).toThrow(/streamIdleTimeoutMs.*no greater/)
+  })
 })
 
 describe('abort wiring', () => {
+  it('preserves an unknown pre-dispatch adapter Error exactly', async () => {
+    const original = new Error('SDK context conversion exploded')
+    const message = Object.defineProperty({}, 'role', {
+      get() { throw original },
+    })
+    const adapter = new PiAiAdapter({ profiles: [{ provider: 'deepseek', apiKey: 'test-key' }] })
+    const drain = async (): Promise<void> => {
+      for await (const _chunk of adapter.stream({
+        provider: 'deepseek',
+        model: 'deepseek-v4-flash',
+        messages: [message as never],
+      })) { /* drain */ }
+    }
+
+    await expect(drain()).rejects.toBe(original)
+  })
+
+  it('lets a concurrent caller abort classify a pre-dispatch adapter failure', async () => {
+    const controller = new AbortController()
+    const original = new Error('conversion lost its caller')
+    const message = Object.defineProperty({}, 'role', {
+      get() {
+        controller.abort('caller cancelled during conversion')
+        throw original
+      },
+    })
+    const adapter = new PiAiAdapter({ profiles: [{ provider: 'deepseek', apiKey: 'test-key' }] })
+    const drain = async (): Promise<void> => {
+      for await (const _chunk of adapter.stream({
+        provider: 'deepseek',
+        model: 'deepseek-v4-flash',
+        messages: [message as never],
+        signal: controller.signal,
+      })) { /* drain */ }
+    }
+
+    await expect(drain()).rejects.toMatchObject({ code: 'ABORTED', cause: original })
+  })
+
   it('resolves catalog endpoints without an override before honoring pre-abort', async () => {
-    const adapter = new PiAiAdapter({ profiles: [{ provider: 'deepseek', apiKey: 'test-key', maxRetries: 0 }] })
+    const adapter = new PiAiAdapter({ profiles: [{ provider: 'deepseek', apiKey: 'test-key' }] })
     const controller = new AbortController()
     controller.abort('already stopped')
     const chunks = []
diff --git a/packages/llm/llm-pi-ai/tests/convert.spec.ts b/packages/llm/llm-pi-ai/tests/convert.spec.ts
index a2f37ce511..15471875d2 100644
--- a/packages/llm/llm-pi-ai/tests/convert.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/llm/llm-pi-ai/tests/convert.spec.ts
@@ -485,20 +485,32 @@ describe('toStreamChunks', () => {
     )))
     expect(chunks).toEqual([
       { type: 'usage', usage: { inputTokens: 1, outputTokens: 0 } },
-      { type: 'finish', reason: { kind: 'error', message: 'boom', code: 'PI_AI_ERROR' } },
+      { type: 'finish', reason: { kind: 'error', failure: { message: 'boom', code: 'PI_AI_ERROR' } } },
     ])
   })
 
   it('maps aborted error events to aborted finish', async () => {
     const error = assistant({ stopReason: 'aborted' })
     const chunks = await collect(toStreamChunks(feed({ type: 'error', reason: 'aborted', error })))
-    expect(chunks.at(-1)).toEqual({ type: 'finish', reason: { kind: 'aborted' } })
+    expect(chunks.at(-1)).toEqual({
+      type: 'finish',
+      reason: { kind: 'aborted', failure: { message: 'pi-ai stream aborted', code: 'ABORTED' } },
+    })
   })
 
   it('rejects a stream that ends without done or error', async () => {
     await expect(collect(toStreamChunks(feed({ type: 'start', partial: assistant() }))))
       .rejects.toThrow(/without done\/error/)
   })
+
+  it('preserves an unknown SDK iterator Error exactly', async () => {
+    const original = Object.assign(new Error('SDK transport exploded'), { code: 'ECONNRESET' })
+    async function* failedSdkStream(): AsyncGenerator<AssistantMessageEvent> {
+      throw original
+    }
+
+    await expect(collect(toStreamChunks(failedSdkStream()))).rejects.toBe(original)
+  })
 })
 
 describe('mapStopReason / mapUsage', () => {
@@ -506,46 +518,65 @@ describe('mapStopReason / mapUsage', () => {
     ['stop', { kind: 'stop' }],
     ['length', { kind: 'max-tokens' }],
     ['toolUse', { kind: 'tool-calls' }],
-    ['aborted', { kind: 'aborted' }],
+    ['aborted', { kind: 'aborted', failure: { message: 'pi-ai stream aborted', code: 'ABORTED' } }],
   ] as const)('maps %s', (stopReason, expected) => {
     expect(mapStopReason(assistant({ stopReason }))).toEqual(expected)
   })
 
   it('defaults the error message when pi-ai omits it', () => {
     expect(mapStopReason(assistant({ stopReason: 'error' })))
-      .toEqual({ kind: 'error', message: 'pi-ai stream error', code: 'PI_AI_ERROR' })
+      .toEqual({ kind: 'error', failure: { message: 'pi-ai stream error', code: 'PI_AI_ERROR' } })
   })
 
   it('maps routable HTTP-ish error messages to stable codes', () => {
     expect(mapStopReason(assistant({ stopReason: 'error', errorMessage: 'HTTP 401: bad key' })))
-      .toMatchObject({ kind: 'error', code: 'AUTH' })
+      .toMatchObject({ kind: 'error', failure: { code: 'AUTH' } })
     expect(mapStopReason(assistant({ stopReason: 'error', errorMessage: 'HTTP 429: rate limit' })))
-      .toMatchObject({ kind: 'error', code: 'RATE_LIMIT' })
+      .toMatchObject({ kind: 'error', failure: { code: 'RATE_LIMIT' } })
+    expect(mapStopReason(assistant({ stopReason: 'error', errorMessage: 'HTTP 429: insufficient_quota' })))
+      .toMatchObject({ kind: 'error', failure: { code: 'QUOTA' } })
+    expect(mapStopReason(assistant({
+      stopReason: 'error',
+      errorMessage: 'OpenAI API error (429): You exceeded your current quota, please check your plan and billing details.',
+    }))).toMatchObject({ kind: 'error', failure: { code: 'QUOTA' } })
     expect(mapStopReason(assistant({ stopReason: 'error', errorMessage: 'HTTP 500: backend down' })))
-      .toMatchObject({ kind: 'error', code: 'SERVER' })
+      .toMatchObject({ kind: 'error', failure: { code: 'SERVER' } })
+    expect(mapStopReason(assistant({ stopReason: 'error', errorMessage: 'provider timed out' })))
+      .toMatchObject({ kind: 'error', failure: { code: 'TIMEOUT' } })
+    expect(mapStopReason(assistant({ stopReason: 'error', errorMessage: 'ECONNRESET socket closed' })))
+      .toMatchObject({ kind: 'error', failure: { code: 'TRANSPORT' } })
     expect(mapStopReason(assistant({
       stopReason: 'error',
       errorMessage: 'HTTP 400: input exceeds the model context window limit',
-    }))).toMatchObject({ kind: 'error', code: CONTEXT_WINDOW_EXCEEDED_CODE })
+    }))).toMatchObject({ kind: 'error', failure: { code: CONTEXT_WINDOW_EXCEEDED_CODE } })
     expect(mapStopReason(assistant({
       stopReason: 'error',
       errorMessage: 'HTTP 400: request too large for model context',
-    }))).toMatchObject({ kind: 'error', code: CONTEXT_WINDOW_EXCEEDED_CODE })
+    }))).toMatchObject({ kind: 'error', failure: { code: CONTEXT_WINDOW_EXCEEDED_CODE } })
     expect(mapStopReason(assistant({
       stopReason: 'error',
       errorMessage: 'HTTP 400: invalid input: temperature exceeds maximum allowed value',
-    }))).toMatchObject({ kind: 'error', code: 'INVALID_REQUEST' })
+    }))).toMatchObject({ kind: 'error', failure: { code: 'INVALID_REQUEST' } })
+  })
+
+  it.each([
+    'other side closed',
+    'HTTP2 request did not get a response',
+    'WebSocket closed unexpectedly',
+  ])('maps pi-ai transport wording %j', (errorMessage) => {
+    expect(mapStopReason(assistant({ stopReason: 'error', errorMessage })))
+      .toMatchObject({ kind: 'error', failure: { code: 'TRANSPORT' } })
   })
 
   it('uses pi-ai provider-specific overflow classification without losing rate-limit exclusions', () => {
     expect(mapStopReason(assistant({
       stopReason: 'error',
       errorMessage: 'prompt is too long: 213462 tokens > 200000 maximum',
-    }))).toMatchObject({ kind: 'error', code: CONTEXT_WINDOW_EXCEEDED_CODE })
+    }))).toMatchObject({ kind: 'error', failure: { code: CONTEXT_WINDOW_EXCEEDED_CODE } })
     expect(mapStopReason(assistant({
       stopReason: 'error',
       errorMessage: 'ThrottlingException: Too many tokens, rate limit reached',
-    }))).toMatchObject({ kind: 'error', code: 'RATE_LIMIT' })
+    }))).toMatchObject({ kind: 'error', failure: { code: 'RATE_LIMIT' } })
   })
 
   it('uses the resolved context window for silent and length-stop overflows', () => {
@@ -553,15 +584,17 @@ describe('mapStopReason / mapUsage', () => {
     expect(mapStopReason(silent)).toEqual({ kind: 'stop' })
     expect(mapStopReason(silent, 100)).toEqual({
       kind: 'error',
-      message: 'pi-ai detected context overflow for model "deepseek-v4-flash"',
-      code: CONTEXT_WINDOW_EXCEEDED_CODE,
+      failure: {
+        message: 'pi-ai detected context overflow for model "deepseek-v4-flash"',
+        code: CONTEXT_WINDOW_EXCEEDED_CODE,
+      },
     })
 
     const truncated = assistant({ stopReason: 'length', usage: usage(80, 0, 19) })
     expect(mapStopReason(truncated)).toEqual({ kind: 'max-tokens' })
     expect(mapStopReason(truncated, 100)).toMatchObject({
       kind: 'error',
-      code: CONTEXT_WINDOW_EXCEEDED_CODE,
+      failure: { code: CONTEXT_WINDOW_EXCEEDED_CODE },
     })
   })
 
diff --git a/packages/llm/llm-pi-ai/tests/provider-apis.e2e.ts b/packages/llm/llm-pi-ai/tests/provider-apis.e2e.ts
index 107c12d264..06154a8a5e 100644
--- a/packages/llm/llm-pi-ai/tests/provider-apis.e2e.ts
+++ b/packages/llm/llm-pi-ai/tests/provider-apis.e2e.ts
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ function textOf(result: AssembledResult): string {
 
 function expectFinish(result: AssembledResult, expected: 'stop' | 'tool-calls'): void {
   if (result.finish.kind === 'error') {
-    throw new Error(`provider request failed (${result.finish.code ?? 'unknown'}): ${result.finish.message}`)
+    throw new Error(`provider request failed (${result.finish.failure.code}): ${result.finish.failure.message}`)
   }
   expect(result.finish.kind).toBe(expected)
 }
diff --git a/packages/llm/llm-pi-ai/tests/sdk-options.spec.ts b/packages/llm/llm-pi-ai/tests/sdk-options.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e85c44c110
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/llm/llm-pi-ai/tests/sdk-options.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+import { afterEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest'
+
+const streamSimple = vi.hoisted(() => vi.fn())
+
+vi.mock('@earendil-works/pi-ai', async (importOriginal) => {
+  const actual = await importOriginal<typeof import('@earendil-works/pi-ai')>()
+  return { ...actual, streamSimple }
+})
+
+import { PiAiAdapter } from '../src/adapter.ts'
+
+afterEach(() => { streamSimple.mockReset() })
+
+describe('pi-ai SDK retry boundary', () => {
+  it('pins one SDK attempt even when the installed provider currently defaults to zero retries', async () => {
+    const failure = new Error('mock SDK boundary')
+    streamSimple.mockReturnValue({
+      async * [Symbol.asyncIterator](): AsyncGenerator<never> {
+        throw failure
+      },
+    })
+    const adapter = new PiAiAdapter({ profiles: [{ provider: 'openai', apiKey: 'test-key' }] })
+    const drain = async (): Promise<void> => {
+      for await (const _chunk of adapter.stream({
+        provider: 'openai',
+        model: 'gpt-4.1',
+        messages: [],
+      })) { /* drain */ }
+    }
+
+    await expect(drain()).rejects.toBe(failure)
+    expect(streamSimple).toHaveBeenCalledOnce()
+    expect(streamSimple.mock.calls[0]?.[2]).toMatchObject({ maxRetries: 0 })
+  })
+})
diff --git a/packages/llm/llm-pi-ai/tsconfig.json b/packages/llm/llm-pi-ai/tsconfig.json
index e9de391ba1..5e427d88b9 100644
--- a/packages/llm/llm-pi-ai/tsconfig.json
+++ b/packages/llm/llm-pi-ai/tsconfig.json
@@ -19,6 +19,9 @@
     },
     {
       "path": "../../llm/llm"
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "../../util/timeout"
     }
   ]
 }
diff --git a/packages/llm/llm-retry/README.md b/packages/llm/llm-retry/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f84fdba09a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/llm/llm-retry/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+# `@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm-retry`
+
+Function plugin that retries selected transient model-request failures on the agent loop's closed-step recovery seam. It does not wrap `ctx.llm.stream()`: every adapter call remains one provider attempt, and every retry opens a fresh numbered step.
+
+The default policy permits two retries for `RATE_LIMIT`, `SERVER`, `TIMEOUT`, and `TRANSPORT`, using bounded exponential backoff from 500 ms to 10 seconds with 10 percent jitter. Delay bounds must fit Node's supported timer range. A valid `providerRetryAfterMs` replaces local backoff when it is within the configured cap; an over-cap instruction delegates to the next recovery policy instead.
+
+Before waiting, the plugin appends a non-surface `llm/retry` event with the failure and scheduled delay. Cancellation and plugin disposal abort the wait; disposal drains the plugin's active backoffs, and a callback captured before disposal fails closed if invoked afterward.
+
+```yaml
+- name: '@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm-retry'
+  config:
+    maxTransientRetries: 2
+    initialDelayMs: 500
+    maxDelayMs: 10000
+    jitterRatio: 0.1
+    retryableCodes: [RATE_LIMIT, SERVER, TIMEOUT, TRANSPORT]
+```
+
+## Model Experience
+
+### Transient request recovery
+
+#### What the model sees
+
+No retry event, delay, or failure prose is model-visible. After a retry, the next numbered step reconstructs the same explicit provider/model request from durable session history; failed chunks never enter derived messages.
+
+#### Token effect
+
+Each retry is a new provider request and may repeat input-token billing. The finite budget caps attempts; `llm/retry` itself contributes no tokens.
+
+#### KV Cache effect
+
+The reconstructed request preserves the prior prefix and is eligible for provider cache reuse under that provider's rules. The non-surface status event does not change cache identity.
+
+## Known Limitations and Deferred Work
+
+- **Agent steps are the only retry boundary** — direct `ctx.llm.stream()` consumers remain single-attempt because a raw stream cannot separate already-emitted chunks durably.
+- **Finite plugin budgets add** — this policy counts only configured transient codes; context-overflow compaction counts only its own code. A future policy with overlapping codes must document and test registration-order behavior.
+- **`llm/retry` records scheduling, not completion** — later step and turn events establish success, exhaustion, or cancellation.
diff --git a/packages/llm/llm-retry/package.json b/packages/llm/llm-retry/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fce40dbe33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/llm/llm-retry/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+{
+  "name": "@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm-retry",
+  "description": "Bounded transient LLM request retry policy for the DeepSeek Harness",
+  "version": "0.0.1",
+  "private": true,
+  "type": "module",
+  "main": "lib/index.js",
+  "types": "lib/types/index.d.ts",
+  "exports": {
+    ".": {
+      "types": "./lib/types/index.d.ts",
+      "default": "./lib/index.js"
+    },
+    "./package.json": "./package.json"
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "lib/index.js",
+    "lib/types/**/*.d.ts",
+    "lib/types/**/*.d.ts.map",
+    "src"
+  ],
+  "license": "BSD-3-Clause",
+  "peerDependencies": {
+    "@deepseek-ai/dsh-agent": "^0.0.1",
+    "@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm": "^0.0.1",
+    "@deepseek-ai/dsh-session": "^0.0.1",
+    "@deepseek-ai/dsh-timeout": "^0.0.1",
+    "cordis": "^4.0.0-rc.7"
+  },
+  "dependencies": {
+    "schemastery": "^3.18.0"
+  },
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "@cordisjs/plugin-include": "workspace:^",
+    "@cordisjs/plugin-loader": "workspace:^",
+    "@deepseek-ai/dsh-agent": "workspace:^",
+    "@deepseek-ai/dsh-agent-loop": "workspace:^",
+    "@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm": "workspace:^",
+    "@deepseek-ai/dsh-session": "workspace:^",
+    "@deepseek-ai/dsh-session-persistence-jsonl": "workspace:^",
+    "@deepseek-ai/dsh-session-persistence-sqlite": "workspace:^",
+    "@deepseek-ai/dsh-system-prompt": "workspace:^",
+    "@deepseek-ai/dsh-timeout": "workspace:^",
+    "@deepseek-ai/dsh-tools": "workspace:^",
+    "cordis": "^4.0.0-rc.7"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/packages/llm/llm-retry/src/index.ts b/packages/llm/llm-retry/src/index.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4edf22d6f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/llm/llm-retry/src/index.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+/**
+ * Bounded transient model-request retry policy on the agent loop's closed-step
+ * recovery seam. Each scheduled retry is durable before its cancellable wait.
+ *
+ * @module @deepseek-ai/dsh-llm-retry
+ */
+
+import type { Context } from 'cordis'
+import z from 'schemastery'
+import type { Agent, RequestError, RequestErrorDecision } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-agent'
+import type { LlmFailure } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm'
+import type {} from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-session'
+import { MAX_TIMER_DELAY_MS } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-timeout'
+
+declare module '@deepseek-ai/dsh-session' {
+  interface SessionEventMap {
+    /** Durable, non-surface record of one transient retry scheduled after a closed failed step. */
+    'llm/retry': {
+      turn: number
+      step: number
+      retry: number
+      maxRetries: number
+      delayMs: number
+      failure: LlmFailure
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+export const name = 'llm-retry'
+export const inject = ['agents']
+
+const DEFAULT_MAX_TRANSIENT_RETRIES = 2
+const DEFAULT_INITIAL_DELAY_MS = 500
+const DEFAULT_MAX_DELAY_MS = 10_000
+const DEFAULT_JITTER_RATIO = 0.1
+const DEFAULT_RETRYABLE_CODES = Object.freeze(['RATE_LIMIT', 'SERVER', 'TIMEOUT', 'TRANSPORT'])
+
+/** Deployment-owned limits and classification for transient request recovery. */
+export interface Config {
+  /** Maximum transient retries after the first request (default 2). */
+  maxTransientRetries?: number
+  /** Initial local exponential-backoff delay in milliseconds (default 500). */
+  initialDelayMs?: number
+  /** Maximum accepted or locally scheduled delay in milliseconds (default 10000). */
+  maxDelayMs?: number
+  /** Symmetric random multiplier range around one (default 0.1). */
+  jitterRatio?: number
+  /** Stable failure codes eligible for this policy. */
+  retryableCodes?: string[]
+}
+
+/** Runtime schema for {@link Config}. */
+export const Config: z<Config> = z.object({
+  maxTransientRetries: z.number().step(1).min(0).default(DEFAULT_MAX_TRANSIENT_RETRIES),
+  initialDelayMs: z.number().max(MAX_TIMER_DELAY_MS).default(DEFAULT_INITIAL_DELAY_MS),
+  maxDelayMs: z.number().max(MAX_TIMER_DELAY_MS).default(DEFAULT_MAX_DELAY_MS),
+  jitterRatio: z.number().min(0).max(1).default(DEFAULT_JITTER_RATIO),
+  retryableCodes: z.array(z.string()).default([...DEFAULT_RETRYABLE_CODES]),
+})
+
+interface ResolvedConfig {
+  readonly maxTransientRetries: number
+  readonly initialDelayMs: number
+  readonly maxDelayMs: number
+  readonly jitterRatio: number
+  readonly retryableCodes: ReadonlySet<string>
+}
+
+function resolveConfig(config: Config): ResolvedConfig {
+  const maxTransientRetries = config.maxTransientRetries ?? DEFAULT_MAX_TRANSIENT_RETRIES
+  const initialDelayMs = config.initialDelayMs ?? DEFAULT_INITIAL_DELAY_MS
+  const maxDelayMs = config.maxDelayMs ?? DEFAULT_MAX_DELAY_MS
+  const jitterRatio = config.jitterRatio ?? DEFAULT_JITTER_RATIO
+  const codes = config.retryableCodes ?? [...DEFAULT_RETRYABLE_CODES]
+
+  if (!Number.isInteger(maxTransientRetries) || maxTransientRetries < 0) {
+    throw new Error('llm-retry: maxTransientRetries must be a non-negative integer')
+  }
+  if (!Number.isFinite(initialDelayMs) || initialDelayMs <= 0 || initialDelayMs > MAX_TIMER_DELAY_MS) {
+    throw new Error(`llm-retry: initialDelayMs must be a positive finite number no greater than ${MAX_TIMER_DELAY_MS}`)
+  }
+  if (!Number.isFinite(maxDelayMs) || maxDelayMs <= 0 || maxDelayMs > MAX_TIMER_DELAY_MS) {
+    throw new Error(`llm-retry: maxDelayMs must be a positive finite number no greater than ${MAX_TIMER_DELAY_MS}`)
+  }
+  if (initialDelayMs > maxDelayMs) {
+    throw new Error('llm-retry: initialDelayMs must be less than or equal to maxDelayMs')
+  }
+  if (!Number.isFinite(jitterRatio) || jitterRatio < 0 || jitterRatio > 1) {
+    throw new Error('llm-retry: jitterRatio must be between 0 and 1')
+  }
+  if (codes.length === 0) {
+    throw new Error('llm-retry: retryableCodes must not be empty')
+  }
+  if (codes.some(code => code.length === 0)) {
+    throw new Error('llm-retry: retryableCodes must contain only non-empty strings')
+  }
+  if (new Set(codes).size !== codes.length) {
+    throw new Error('llm-retry: retryableCodes must not contain duplicates')
+  }
+
+  return Object.freeze({
+    maxTransientRetries,
+    initialDelayMs,
+    maxDelayMs,
+    jitterRatio,
+    retryableCodes: new Set(codes),
+  })
+}
+
+/** Non-serializable seams used to make timing policy deterministic in tests. */
+export interface RetryInternals {
+  /** Random sample in the inclusive zero-to-one range used for jitter. */
+  random?: () => number
+}
+
+function localDelay(config: ResolvedConfig, retry: number, random: () => number): number {
+  const exponent = Math.min(retry - 1, 1024)
+  const exponential = Math.min(config.initialDelayMs * 2 ** exponent, config.maxDelayMs)
+  const jitter = 1 - config.jitterRatio + 2 * config.jitterRatio * random()
+  return Math.min(exponential * jitter, config.maxDelayMs)
+}
+
+function cancellableDelay(delayMs: number, signal: AbortSignal): Promise<boolean> {
+  if (signal.aborted) return Promise.resolve(false)
+  return new Promise((resolve) => {
+    const timer = setTimeout(() => {
+      signal.removeEventListener('abort', onAbort)
+      resolve(true)
+    }, delayMs)
+    function onAbort(): void {
+      clearTimeout(timer)
+      resolve(false)
+    }
+    signal.addEventListener('abort', onAbort, { once: true })
+  })
+}
+
+/**
+ * Install bounded transient request recovery.
+ * @param ctx - plugin context that owns the listener and active waits.
+ * @param config - retry budget, delay bounds, jitter, and eligible codes.
+ * @param internals - non-serializable deterministic seams for tests.
+ */
+export function apply(ctx: Context, config: Config = {}, internals: RetryInternals = {}): void {
+  const resolved = resolveConfig(config)
+  const random = internals.random ?? Math.random
+  const lifetime = new AbortController()
+  const active = new Set<Promise<RequestErrorDecision>>()
+
+  async function backoff(
+    agent: Agent,
+    turn: number,
+    step: number,
+    failure: LlmFailure,
+    retry: number,
+    delayMs: number,
+    signal: AbortSignal,
+  ): Promise<RequestErrorDecision> {
+    const fusedSignal = AbortSignal.any([signal, lifetime.signal])
+    if (fusedSignal.aborted) return { action: 'fail' }
+    agent.session.append('llm/retry', {
+      turn,
+      step,
+      retry,
+      maxRetries: resolved.maxTransientRetries,
+      delayMs,
+      failure,
+    })
+    if (!await cancellableDelay(delayMs, fusedSignal)) return { action: 'fail' }
+    return { action: 'retry' }
+  }
+
+  const disposeListener = ctx.on('agent/request-error', (
+    agent: Agent,
+    turn: number,
+    step: number,
+    _error: RequestError,
+    failure: LlmFailure,
+    priorFailures: readonly LlmFailure[],
+    signal: AbortSignal,
+    next: () => Promise<RequestErrorDecision>,
+  ) => {
+    // A waterfall may have captured this callback before its registration was
+    // removed. Lifetime cancellation must prevent that stale callback from
+    // entering a downstream policy after disposal.
+    if (lifetime.signal.aborted) return Promise.resolve<RequestErrorDecision>({ action: 'fail' })
+    if (!resolved.retryableCodes.has(failure.code)) return next()
+    const priorTransientFailures = priorFailures.filter(item => resolved.retryableCodes.has(item.code)).length
+    if (priorTransientFailures >= resolved.maxTransientRetries) return next()
+
+    const retry = priorTransientFailures + 1
+    let delayMs: number
+    if (failure.providerRetryAfterMs !== undefined
+      && Number.isFinite(failure.providerRetryAfterMs)
+      && failure.providerRetryAfterMs > 0) {
+      if (failure.providerRetryAfterMs > resolved.maxDelayMs) return next()
+      delayMs = failure.providerRetryAfterMs
+    } else {
+      delayMs = localDelay(resolved, retry, random)
+    }
+
+    const tracked = backoff(agent, turn, step, failure, retry, delayMs, signal)
+      .finally(() => active.delete(tracked))
+    active.add(tracked)
+    return tracked
+  })
+
+  ctx.effect(() => async () => {
+    disposeListener()
+    lifetime.abort(new Error('llm-retry plugin disposed'))
+    await Promise.allSettled([...active])
+  }, 'llm-retry: abort and drain backoffs')
+}
diff --git a/packages/llm/llm-retry/tests/loader-composition.spec.ts b/packages/llm/llm-retry/tests/loader-composition.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c00175b20d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/llm/llm-retry/tests/loader-composition.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+import { mkdtemp, rm, writeFile } from 'node:fs/promises'
+import { tmpdir } from 'node:os'
+import { join } from 'node:path'
+import { pathToFileURL } from 'node:url'
+import { afterEach, describe, expect, it } from 'vitest'
+import { Context } from 'cordis'
+import Loader from '@cordisjs/plugin-loader'
+import Include from '@cordisjs/plugin-include'
+import AgentRegistry from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-agent'
+import type { Agent } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-agent'
+import AgentLoop from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-agent-loop'
+import LlmService, { LlmAdapter, LlmError } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm'
+import type { GenerateOptions, StreamChunk } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm'
+import SessionStore, { SessionId } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-session'
+import SystemPrompt from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-system-prompt'
+import ToolRegistry from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-tools'
+import * as retry from '../src/index.ts'
+
+let root: string | undefined
+let context: Context | undefined
+
+class TransientOnceAdapter extends LlmAdapter {
+  requests = 0
+
+  async * stream(_options: GenerateOptions): AsyncIterable<StreamChunk> {
+    this.requests += 1
+    if (this.requests === 1) throw new LlmError('temporary outage', 'SERVER')
+    yield { type: 'block-start', index: 0, blockType: 'text' }
+    yield { type: 'text-delta', index: 0, text: 'recovered' }
+    yield { type: 'block-end', index: 0, block: { type: 'text', text: 'recovered' } }
+    yield { type: 'finish', reason: { kind: 'stop' } }
+  }
+}
+
+function waitForIdle(ctx: Context, agent: Agent): Promise<void> {
+  return new Promise((resolve) => {
+    const dispose = ctx.on('agent/status', (subject, status) => {
+      if (subject === agent && status === 'idle') {
+        dispose()
+        resolve()
+      }
+    })
+  })
+}
+
+afterEach(async () => {
+  await context?.fiber.dispose()
+  context = undefined
+  if (root !== undefined) await rm(root, { recursive: true, force: true })
+  root = undefined
+})
+
+async function loadYaml(lines: readonly string[]): Promise<Context> {
+  root = await mkdtemp(join(tmpdir(), 'dsh-llm-retry-loader-'))
+  const configPath = join(root, 'cordis.yml')
+  await writeFile(configPath, [...lines, ''].join('\n'))
+
+  context = new Context()
+  context.baseUrl = pathToFileURL(root).href + '/'
+  await context.plugin(Loader)
+  context.loader.builtins.include = Include
+  const modules = new Map<string, unknown>([
+    ['@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm', LlmService],
+    ['@deepseek-ai/dsh-session', SessionStore],
+    ['@deepseek-ai/dsh-system-prompt', SystemPrompt],
+    ['@deepseek-ai/dsh-tools', ToolRegistry],
+    ['@deepseek-ai/dsh-agent', AgentRegistry],
+    ['@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm-retry', retry],
+    ['@deepseek-ai/dsh-agent-loop', AgentLoop],
+  ])
+  context.loader.internal = {
+    version: 'v2',
+    async import(specifier: string) {
+      if (!modules.has(specifier)) throw new Error(`unexpected Loader import: ${specifier}`)
+      return modules.get(specifier)
+    },
+  } as unknown as NonNullable<typeof context.loader.internal>
+  await context.loader.create({
+    name: 'cordis:include',
+    config: { path: pathToFileURL(configPath).href },
+  })
+  await context.loader.await()
+  return context
+}
+
+describe('real Loader composition', () => {
+  it('loads the flat policy and records recovery through the shipping loop', async () => {
+    const loaded = await loadYaml([
+      "- name: '@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm'",
+      "- name: '@deepseek-ai/dsh-session'",
+      "- name: '@deepseek-ai/dsh-system-prompt'",
+      "- name: '@deepseek-ai/dsh-tools'",
+      "- name: '@deepseek-ai/dsh-agent'",
+      "- name: '@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm-retry'",
+      '  config:',
+      '    maxTransientRetries: 1',
+      '    initialDelayMs: 1',
+      '    maxDelayMs: 1',
+      '    jitterRatio: 0',
+      '    retryableCodes: [RATE_LIMIT, SERVER]',
+      "- name: '@deepseek-ai/dsh-agent-loop'",
+    ])
+
+    const unloaded = [...loaded.loader.entries()]
+      .filter(entry => entry.fiber === undefined && !entry.disabled)
+      .map(entry => entry.options.name)
+    expect(unloaded).toEqual([])
+    expect(loaded.agents).toBeInstanceOf(AgentRegistry)
+
+    const adapter = new TransientOnceAdapter()
+    loaded.llm.registerAdapter(['mock'], adapter)
+    const agent = loaded.agentLoop.create(SessionId('loader-retry'), { provider: 'mock', model: 'mock' })
+    const idle = waitForIdle(loaded, agent)
+    agent.send([{ type: 'text', text: 'recover' }])
+    await idle
+
+    expect(adapter.requests).toBe(2)
+    expect(agent.session.events.filter(event => event.type === 'llm/retry')).toHaveLength(1)
+    expect(agent.session.deriveMessages().at(-1)).toMatchObject({
+      role: 'assistant',
+      content: [{ type: 'text', text: 'recovered' }],
+    })
+  })
+})
diff --git a/packages/llm/llm-retry/tests/persistence.spec.ts b/packages/llm/llm-retry/tests/persistence.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3e5a9c8dcd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/llm/llm-retry/tests/persistence.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+import { mkdtemp, rm } from 'node:fs/promises'
+import { tmpdir } from 'node:os'
+import { join } from 'node:path'
+import { afterEach, describe, expect, it } from 'vitest'
+import { Context } from 'cordis'
+import SessionStore, { SessionId } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-session'
+import SessionPersistenceJsonl from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-session-persistence-jsonl'
+import SessionPersistenceSqlite from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-session-persistence-sqlite'
+import type {} from '../src/index.ts'
+
+const dirs: string[] = []
+
+afterEach(async () => {
+  for (const dir of dirs.splice(0)) await rm(dir, { recursive: true, force: true })
+})
+
+async function backend(kind: 'jsonl' | 'sqlite'): Promise<Context> {
+  const ctx = new Context()
+  await ctx.plugin(SessionStore)
+  if (kind === 'jsonl') {
+    const root = await mkdtemp(join(tmpdir(), 'dsh-llm-retry-jsonl-'))
+    dirs.push(root)
+    await ctx.plugin(SessionPersistenceJsonl, { root })
+  } else {
+    await ctx.plugin(SessionPersistenceSqlite, { path: ':memory:' })
+  }
+  return ctx
+}
+
+describe.each(['jsonl', 'sqlite'] as const)('%s retry-event persistence', (kind) => {
+  it('round-trips the event losslessly without adding a model message', async () => {
+    const ctx = await backend(kind)
+    try {
+      const session = ctx.sessions.create(SessionId(`retry-${kind}`))
+      session.append('turn/start', { turn: 1, trigger: { kind: 'message', source: { kind: 'user' } } })
+      session.append('step/start', { turn: 1, step: 1 })
+      session.append('step/end', { turn: 1, step: 1 })
+      const event = session.append('llm/retry', {
+        turn: 1,
+        step: 1,
+        retry: 1,
+        maxRetries: 2,
+        delayMs: 750,
+        failure: { message: 'provider busy', code: 'RATE_LIMIT', status: 429 },
+      })
+      session.append('turn/end', { turn: 1, reason: { kind: 'aborted', reason: 'cancelled in backoff' } })
+
+      expect(session.deriveMessages()).toEqual([])
+      await ctx.sessions.flush(session)
+      const loaded = await ctx.sessionPersistence.load(session.id)
+
+      expect(loaded.events.find(item => item.type === 'llm/retry')).toEqual(event)
+    } finally {
+      await ctx.fiber.dispose()
+    }
+  })
+})
diff --git a/packages/llm/llm-retry/tests/retry.spec.ts b/packages/llm/llm-retry/tests/retry.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8e2f086e97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/llm/llm-retry/tests/retry.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,453 @@
+import { afterEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest'
+import { Context } from 'cordis'
+import type { Fiber } from 'cordis'
+import LlmService, { CallId, LlmAdapter, LlmError } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm'
+import type { GenerateOptions, StreamChunk } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm'
+import SessionStore, { SessionId } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-session'
+import type { SessionEvent } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-session'
+import SystemPrompt from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-system-prompt'
+import ToolRegistry, { defineTool } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-tools'
+import AgentRegistry from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-agent'
+import type { Agent, RequestErrorDecision } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-agent'
+import AgentLoop from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-agent-loop'
+import { MAX_TIMER_DELAY_MS } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-timeout'
+import * as retry from '../src/index.ts'
+
+type ScriptEntry = Error | Iterable<StreamChunk> | AsyncIterable<StreamChunk>
+
+class ScriptedAdapter extends LlmAdapter {
+  readonly requests: GenerateOptions[] = []
+
+  constructor(private readonly entries: ScriptEntry[]) {
+    super()
+  }
+
+  async * stream(options: GenerateOptions): AsyncIterable<StreamChunk> {
+    this.requests.push(options)
+    const entry = this.entries.shift()
+    if (entry === undefined) throw new Error('retry test script exhausted')
+    if (entry instanceof Error) throw entry
+    yield* entry
+  }
+}
+
+async function* partialToolFailure(error: Error): AsyncGenerator<StreamChunk> {
+  const id = CallId('discarded-call')
+  yield { type: 'block-start', index: 0, blockType: 'text' }
+  yield { type: 'text-delta', index: 0, text: 'discarded partial output' }
+  yield { type: 'block-end', index: 0, block: { type: 'text', text: 'discarded partial output' } }
+  yield { type: 'block-start', index: 1, blockType: 'tool-call' }
+  yield { type: 'tool-call-delta', index: 1, id, name: 'danger', argumentsDelta: '{}' }
+  yield { type: 'block-end', index: 1, block: { type: 'tool-call', id, name: 'danger', arguments: '{}' } }
+  throw error
+}
+
+function textResponse(text: string): StreamChunk[] {
+  return [
+    { type: 'block-start', index: 0, blockType: 'text' },
+    { type: 'text-delta', index: 0, text },
+    { type: 'block-end', index: 0, block: { type: 'text', text } },
+    { type: 'finish', reason: { kind: 'stop' } },
+  ]
+}
+
+async function harness(
+  adapter: LlmAdapter,
+  config: retry.Config = {},
+  beforeRetry?: (ctx: Context) => void,
+  internals: retry.RetryInternals = {},
+): Promise<{ ctx: Context; retryFiber: Fiber }> {
+  const ctx = new Context()
+  await ctx.plugin(LlmService)
+  await ctx.plugin(SessionStore)
+  await ctx.plugin(SystemPrompt)
+  await ctx.plugin(ToolRegistry)
+  await ctx.plugin(AgentRegistry)
+  beforeRetry?.(ctx)
+  const resolvedConfig = Object.assign({
+    maxTransientRetries: 2,
+    initialDelayMs: 500,
+    maxDelayMs: 10_000,
+    jitterRatio: 0,
+  }, config)
+  const retryFiber = await ctx.plugin(Object.assign((inner: Context) => {
+    retry.apply(inner, resolvedConfig, internals)
+  }, { inject: retry.inject }))
+  await ctx.plugin(AgentLoop, { agents: [] })
+  ctx.llm.registerAdapter(['mock'], adapter)
+  return { ctx, retryFiber }
+}
+
+function waitForIdle(ctx: Context, agent: Agent): Promise<void> {
+  return new Promise((resolve) => {
+    const dispose = ctx.on('agent/status', (subject, status) => {
+      if (subject === agent && status === 'idle') {
+        dispose()
+        resolve()
+      }
+    })
+  })
+}
+
+function waitForRetry(ctx: Context, agent: Agent, retryNumber: number): Promise<Extract<SessionEvent, { type: 'llm/retry' }>> {
+  return new Promise((resolve) => {
+    const dispose = ctx.on('session/event', (session, event) => {
+      if (session === agent.session && event.type === 'llm/retry' && event.data.retry === retryNumber) {
+        dispose()
+        resolve(event)
+      }
+    })
+  })
+}
+
+let context: Context | undefined
+
+afterEach(async () => {
+  vi.useRealTimers()
+  await context?.fiber.dispose()
+  context = undefined
+})
+
+describe('bounded transient retry policy', () => {
+  it('records the scheduled delay before opening a fresh request attempt', async () => {
+    vi.useFakeTimers()
+    const adapter = new ScriptedAdapter([
+      new LlmError('busy', 'RATE_LIMIT', { status: 429 }),
+      textResponse('done'),
+    ])
+    ;({ ctx: context } = await harness(adapter))
+    const agent = context.agentLoop.create(SessionId('retry-success'), {
+      provider: 'mock',
+      model: 'mock',
+    })
+    const scheduled = new Promise<Extract<(typeof agent.session.events)[number], { type: 'llm/retry' }>>((resolve) => {
+      const dispose = context?.on('session/event', (session, event) => {
+        if (session === agent.session && event.type === 'llm/retry') {
+          dispose?.()
+          resolve(event)
+        }
+      })
+    })
+
+    agent.send([{ type: 'text', text: 'go' }])
+    const event = await scheduled
+
+    expect(event.data).toEqual({
+      turn: 1,
+      step: 1,
+      retry: 1,
+      maxRetries: 2,
+      delayMs: 500,
+      failure: { message: 'busy', code: 'RATE_LIMIT', status: 429 },
+    })
+    expect(adapter.requests).toHaveLength(1)
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(499)
+    expect(adapter.requests).toHaveLength(1)
+
+    const idle = waitForIdle(context, agent)
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(1)
+    await idle
+
+    expect(adapter.requests).toHaveLength(2)
+    expect(agent.session.events.filter(item => item.type === 'step/start').map(item => item.data.step))
+      .toEqual([1, 2])
+    expect(agent.session.deriveMessages().at(-1)).toEqual({
+      role: 'assistant',
+      content: [{ type: 'text', text: 'done' }],
+      provenance: { provider: 'mock', model: 'mock' },
+    })
+  })
+
+  it('leaves partial failed chunks on their step without committing a message or tool side effect', async () => {
+    vi.useFakeTimers()
+    const adapter = new ScriptedAdapter([
+      partialToolFailure(new LlmError('stream interrupted', 'TRANSPORT')),
+      textResponse('recovered'),
+    ])
+    ;({ ctx: context } = await harness(adapter))
+    let toolExecutions = 0
+    context.tools.register(defineTool({
+      name: 'danger',
+      description: 'must not run for a failed provider attempt',
+      parameters: {},
+      async execute() {
+        toolExecutions += 1
+        return [{ type: 'text', text: 'unexpected' }]
+      },
+    }))
+    const agent = context.agentLoop.create(SessionId('retry-partial'), { provider: 'mock', model: 'mock' })
+    const scheduled = waitForRetry(context, agent, 1)
+
+    agent.send([{ type: 'text', text: 'go' }])
+    await scheduled
+    const idle = waitForIdle(context, agent)
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(500)
+    await idle
+
+    const failedChunks = agent.session.events.filter(event =>
+      event.type === 'assistant/chunk' && event.data.step === 1,
+    )
+    expect(failedChunks).toHaveLength(6)
+    expect(agent.session.events.filter(event => event.type === 'assistant/message').map(event => event.data.step))
+      .toEqual([2])
+    expect(agent.session.events.some(event => event.type === 'tool/call')).toBe(false)
+    expect(toolExecutions).toBe(0)
+    expect(agent.session.deriveMessages().at(-1)).toMatchObject({
+      role: 'assistant',
+      content: [{ type: 'text', text: 'recovered' }],
+      provenance: { provider: 'mock', model: 'mock' },
+    })
+  })
+
+  it('applies bounded exponential jitter and stops after the configured budget', async () => {
+    vi.useFakeTimers()
+    const samples = [0, 1]
+    const adapter = new ScriptedAdapter([
+      new LlmError('busy one', 'SERVER'),
+      new LlmError('busy two', 'SERVER'),
+      new LlmError('busy three', 'SERVER'),
+    ])
+    ;({ ctx: context } = await harness(adapter, { jitterRatio: 0.1 }, undefined, {
+      random: () => samples.shift() ?? 0.5,
+    }))
+    const agent = context.agentLoop.create(SessionId('retry-exhausted'), { provider: 'mock', model: 'mock' })
+    const first = waitForRetry(context, agent, 1)
+
+    agent.send([{ type: 'text', text: 'go' }])
+    expect((await first).data.delayMs).toBe(450)
+
+    const second = waitForRetry(context, agent, 2)
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(450)
+    expect((await second).data.delayMs).toBe(1_100)
+
+    const idle = waitForIdle(context, agent)
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(1_100)
+    await idle
+
+    expect(adapter.requests).toHaveLength(3)
+    expect(agent.session.events.filter(event => event.type === 'llm/retry')).toHaveLength(2)
+    expect(agent.session.events.at(-1)).toMatchObject({
+      type: 'turn/end',
+      data: { reason: { kind: 'error', failure: { message: 'busy three', code: 'SERVER' } } },
+    })
+  })
+
+  it('uses a bounded provider Retry-After verbatim and delegates an over-cap instruction', async () => {
+    vi.useFakeTimers()
+    const accepted = new ScriptedAdapter([
+      new LlmError('wait', 'RATE_LIMIT', { providerRetryAfterMs: 2_000 }),
+      textResponse('done'),
+    ])
+    ;({ ctx: context } = await harness(accepted, { jitterRatio: 1 }))
+    const acceptedAgent = context.agentLoop.create(SessionId('retry-after-accepted'), { provider: 'mock', model: 'mock' })
+    const scheduled = waitForRetry(context, acceptedAgent, 1)
+    acceptedAgent.send([{ type: 'text', text: 'go' }])
+    expect((await scheduled).data.delayMs).toBe(2_000)
+    const acceptedIdle = waitForIdle(context, acceptedAgent)
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(2_000)
+    await acceptedIdle
+    expect(accepted.requests).toHaveLength(2)
+
+    await context.fiber.dispose()
+    const rejected = new ScriptedAdapter([
+      new LlmError('wait too long', 'RATE_LIMIT', { providerRetryAfterMs: 10_001 }),
+    ])
+    ;({ ctx: context } = await harness(rejected))
+    const rejectedAgent = context.agentLoop.create(SessionId('retry-after-rejected'), { provider: 'mock', model: 'mock' })
+    const rejectedIdle = waitForIdle(context, rejectedAgent)
+    rejectedAgent.send([{ type: 'text', text: 'go' }])
+    await rejectedIdle
+    expect(rejected.requests).toHaveLength(1)
+    expect(rejectedAgent.session.events.some(event => event.type === 'llm/retry')).toBe(false)
+  })
+
+  it('delegates non-transient failures without scheduling a timer', async () => {
+    vi.useFakeTimers()
+    const adapter = new ScriptedAdapter([new LlmError('bad key', 'AUTH')])
+    ;({ ctx: context } = await harness(adapter))
+    const agent = context.agentLoop.create(SessionId('retry-auth'), { provider: 'mock', model: 'mock' })
+    const idle = waitForIdle(context, agent)
+    agent.send([{ type: 'text', text: 'go' }])
+    await idle
+    expect(adapter.requests).toHaveLength(1)
+    expect(agent.session.events.some(event => event.type === 'llm/retry')).toBe(false)
+    expect(vi.getTimerCount()).toBe(0)
+  })
+
+  it('aborts and drains a captured backoff before plugin disposal completes', async () => {
+    vi.useFakeTimers()
+    const adapter = new ScriptedAdapter([
+      new LlmError('temporary', 'TRANSPORT'),
+      textResponse('must not run'),
+    ])
+    const mounted = await harness(adapter)
+    context = mounted.ctx
+    const agent = context.agentLoop.create(SessionId('retry-hmr'), { provider: 'mock', model: 'mock' })
+    const scheduled = waitForRetry(context, agent, 1)
+    agent.send([{ type: 'text', text: 'go' }])
+    await scheduled
+    const idle = waitForIdle(context, agent)
+
+    await mounted.retryFiber.dispose()
+    await idle
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(60_000)
+
+    expect(adapter.requests).toHaveLength(1)
+    expect(agent.session.events.filter(event => event.type === 'step/start')).toHaveLength(1)
+    expect(vi.getTimerCount()).toBe(0)
+  })
+
+  it('does not make plugin disposal wait for a delegated recovery policy', async () => {
+    const adapter = new ScriptedAdapter([new LlmError('bad key', 'AUTH')])
+    const mounted = await harness(adapter)
+    context = mounted.ctx
+    const downstream = Promise.withResolvers<RequestErrorDecision>()
+    const entered = Promise.withResolvers<undefined>()
+    context.on('agent/request-error', () => {
+      entered.resolve(undefined)
+      return downstream.promise
+    })
+    const agent = context.agentLoop.create(SessionId('retry-delegated-disposal'), {
+      provider: 'mock',
+      model: 'mock',
+    })
+    const idle = waitForIdle(context, agent)
+    agent.send([{ type: 'text', text: 'go' }])
+    await entered.promise
+
+    const disposing = mounted.retryFiber.dispose()
+    let timer: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | undefined
+    const outcome = await Promise.race([
+      disposing.then(() => 'disposed' as const),
+      new Promise<'blocked'>((resolve) => { timer = setTimeout(() => { resolve('blocked') }, 100) }),
+    ])
+    if (timer !== undefined) clearTimeout(timer)
+    downstream.resolve({ action: 'fail' })
+    await disposing
+    await idle
+
+    expect(outcome).toBe('disposed')
+    expect(adapter.requests).toHaveLength(1)
+  })
+
+  it('fails a captured callback after disposal without entering downstream policy', async () => {
+    const adapter = new ScriptedAdapter([new LlmError('bad key', 'AUTH')])
+    const captured = Promise.withResolvers<undefined>()
+    let invokeCaptured: (() => Promise<void>) | undefined
+    const mounted = await harness(adapter, {}, (ctx) => {
+      ctx.on('agent/request-error', (_agent, _turn, _step, _error, _failure, _history, _signal, next) => {
+        return new Promise<RequestErrorDecision>((resolve) => {
+          invokeCaptured = async () => { resolve(await next()) }
+          captured.resolve(undefined)
+        })
+      })
+    })
+    context = mounted.ctx
+    let downstreamCalls = 0
+    context.on('agent/request-error', async (_agent, _turn, _step, _error, _failure, _history, _signal, next) => {
+      downstreamCalls += 1
+      return next()
+    })
+    const agent = context.agentLoop.create(SessionId('retry-captured-disposal'), {
+      provider: 'mock',
+      model: 'mock',
+    })
+    const idle = waitForIdle(context, agent)
+    agent.send([{ type: 'text', text: 'go' }])
+    await captured.promise
+
+    await mounted.retryFiber.dispose()
+    if (invokeCaptured === undefined) throw new Error('request-error waterfall did not capture retry callback')
+    await invokeCaptured()
+    await idle
+
+    expect(downstreamCalls).toBe(0)
+    expect(adapter.requests).toHaveLength(1)
+  })
+
+  it('lets turn cancellation win during backoff without opening another step', async () => {
+    vi.useFakeTimers()
+    const adapter = new ScriptedAdapter([
+      new LlmError('temporary', 'TIMEOUT'),
+      textResponse('must not run'),
+    ])
+    ;({ ctx: context } = await harness(adapter))
+    const agent = context.agentLoop.create(SessionId('retry-cancel'), { provider: 'mock', model: 'mock' })
+    const scheduled = waitForRetry(context, agent, 1)
+    agent.send([{ type: 'text', text: 'go' }])
+    await scheduled
+    const idle = waitForIdle(context, agent)
+    agent.cancel('user cancelled during retry')
+    await idle
+
+    expect(adapter.requests).toHaveLength(1)
+    expect(agent.session.events.at(-1)).toMatchObject({
+      type: 'turn/end',
+      data: { reason: { kind: 'aborted', reason: 'user cancelled during retry' } },
+    })
+    expect(vi.getTimerCount()).toBe(0)
+  })
+
+  it('lets an earlier recovery listener cancel before retry policy runs', async () => {
+    vi.useFakeTimers()
+    const adapter = new ScriptedAdapter([
+      new LlmError('temporary', 'SERVER'),
+      textResponse('must not run'),
+    ])
+    ;({ ctx: context } = await harness(adapter, {}, (ctx) => {
+      ctx.on('agent/request-error', async (agent, _turn, _step, _error, _failure, _history, _signal, next) => {
+        agent.cancel('cancelled by earlier recovery policy')
+        return next()
+      })
+    }))
+    const agent = context.agentLoop.create(SessionId('retry-pre-cancel'), { provider: 'mock', model: 'mock' })
+    const idle = waitForIdle(context, agent)
+
+    agent.send([{ type: 'text', text: 'go' }])
+    await idle
+
+    expect(adapter.requests).toHaveLength(1)
+    expect(agent.session.events.some(event => event.type === 'llm/retry')).toBe(false)
+    expect(agent.session.events.at(-1)).toMatchObject({
+      type: 'turn/end',
+      data: { reason: { kind: 'aborted', reason: 'cancelled by earlier recovery policy' } },
+    })
+  })
+
+  it('handles synchronous cancellation from the retry status event', async () => {
+    vi.useFakeTimers()
+    const adapter = new ScriptedAdapter([
+      new LlmError('temporary', 'SERVER'),
+      textResponse('must not run'),
+    ])
+    ;({ ctx: context } = await harness(adapter))
+    const agent = context.agentLoop.create(SessionId('retry-event-cancel'), { provider: 'mock', model: 'mock' })
+    context.on('session/event', (session, event) => {
+      if (session === agent.session && event.type === 'llm/retry') agent.cancel('cancelled by retry observer')
+    })
+    const idle = waitForIdle(context, agent)
+
+    agent.send([{ type: 'text', text: 'go' }])
+    await idle
+
+    expect(adapter.requests).toHaveLength(1)
+    expect(agent.session.events.filter(event => event.type === 'llm/retry')).toHaveLength(1)
+    expect(vi.getTimerCount()).toBe(0)
+  })
+
+  it.each([
+    [{ maxTransientRetries: -1 }, /maxTransientRetries/],
+    [{ maxTransientRetries: 1.5 }, /maxTransientRetries/],
+    [{ initialDelayMs: 0 }, /initialDelayMs/],
+    [{ maxDelayMs: Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY }, /maxDelayMs/],
+    [{ initialDelayMs: MAX_TIMER_DELAY_MS + 1 }, /initialDelayMs/],
+    [{ maxDelayMs: MAX_TIMER_DELAY_MS + 1 }, /maxDelayMs/],
+    [{ initialDelayMs: 20, maxDelayMs: 10 }, /less than or equal/],
+    [{ jitterRatio: 1.1 }, /jitterRatio/],
+    [{ retryableCodes: [] }, /must not be empty/],
+    [{ retryableCodes: ['SERVER', 'SERVER'] }, /duplicates/],
+    [{ retryableCodes: [''] }, /non-empty strings/],
+  ] as const)('fails direct composition for invalid config %#', (config, message) => {
+    expect(() => { retry.apply(new Context(), config as retry.Config) }).toThrow(message)
+  })
+})
diff --git a/packages/llm/llm-retry/tsconfig.json b/packages/llm/llm-retry/tsconfig.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..44310af6e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/llm/llm-retry/tsconfig.json
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+{
+  "extends": "../../../tsconfig.base.json",
+  "compilerOptions": {
+    "rootDir": "src",
+    "outDir": "lib/types"
+  },
+  "include": [
+    "src"
+  ],
+  "references": [
+    {
+      "path": "../../../vendor/cosmokit"
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "../../../vendor/cordis"
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "../../../vendor/schemastery"
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "../../llm/llm"
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "../../core/session"
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "../../core/agent"
+    },
+    {
+      "path": "../../util/timeout"
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/packages/llm/llm/README.md b/packages/llm/llm/README.md
index 82ca7f901c..a5ccd42b43 100644
--- a/packages/llm/llm/README.md
+++ b/packages/llm/llm/README.md
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ An adapter registry plus a single streaming call surface, interceptable via a wa
 - `ctx.llm.listModels(provider: string): Promise<LlmModelInfo[]>` Discover the models one registered provider currently advertises.
 - `ctx.llm.stream(options: GenerateOptions): AsyncIterable<StreamChunk>` Stream one model call as raw chunks (token-level deltas). Consumers assemble the chunks into blocks/messages with `BlockAssembler`.
 
-`LlmService` preserves errors from final adapter selection, synchronous dispatch, iterator construction, and iteration, and binds their provenance to the exact stream handle returned for that model call. `isLlmAdapterFailure(stream, value)` reports only errors from that call's final adapter boundary; nested model calls, `llm/stream` middleware, and downstream consumer failures remain unclassified for the outer call. Classification does not replace the adapter's original coded `Error`.
+`LlmService` preserves errors from final adapter selection, synchronous dispatch, iterator construction, and iteration, and binds their provenance to the exact stream handle returned for that model call. `isLlmAdapterFailure(stream, value)` reports only errors from that call's final adapter boundary; `llmFailureOf(stream, value)` returns the adjacent immutable `LlmFailure`. Nested model calls, `llm/stream` middleware, and downstream consumer failures remain unclassified for the outer call. Classification never replaces or mutates the adapter's original coded `Error`.
 
 Provider and model metadata is a discovery surface, not a routing whitelist. `registerAdapter()` still owns provider exclusivity, while an adapter may accept model ids absent from `listModels()`; consumers must not reject a request because its model is unlisted. Returned metadata is detached and invalid or duplicate adapter entries fail with `INVALID_ADAPTER` or `INVALID_CATALOG`.
 
@@ -21,12 +21,12 @@ Provider and model metadata is a discovery surface, not a routing whitelist. `re
 
 | Event | Mode | Purpose |
 |---|---|---|
-| `llm/stream` | waterfall | Intercept/wrap every streaming model call (retry, caching, routing) |
+| `llm/stream` | waterfall | Intercept/wrap every streaming model call for caching, logging, or routing |
 
 ### Extension points
 
 - Subclass `LlmAdapter` and call `ctx.llm.registerAdapter(providers, adapter)` to add one or more provider routes. `GenerateOptions.provider` selects the adapter; `GenerateOptions.model` is adapter-owned and may be resolved dynamically. Override `providerInfo()` and asynchronous `listModels()` to expose selector metadata; their defaults use the route id as its name and advertise no models.
-- Wrap `llm/stream` via `ctx.on()` waterfall listeners for caching, retry, logging, rate-limiting, etc.
+- Wrap `llm/stream` via `ctx.on()` waterfall listeners for caching, logging, or routing. A wrapper that retries after emitting a chunk has no durable attempt boundary; shipped agent retry policy therefore uses `agent/request-error` instead.
 
 ### Content-block vocabulary (`types.ts`)
 
@@ -47,9 +47,10 @@ Every product adapter sends application identity on provider HTTP requests. `att
 - `LlmAdapter` — abstract base class for provider adapters. The only required method is `stream()`.
 - `BlockAssembler` — incrementally assembles raw chunks into complete content blocks and an assistant message. The agent loop feeds it raw chunks (logging them for replay) while reading the assembled blocks/message for history.
 - `HarnessError` — base class for the harness error taxonomy: a stable `code` string (distinct from the human `message`) plus `cause` chaining. Lives here, in the leaf package every other imports, so a single base is shared without a new dependency edge. Per-package errors (`LlmError`, `ToolArgsError`, `InvariantError`, …) extend it. `isHarnessError(value)` narrows at seams.
-- `LlmError` — extends `HarnessError`; its stable `code` string (`NO_ADAPTER`, `DUPLICATE_ADAPTER`, and adapter codes like `AUTH`/`RATE_LIMIT`) is the programmatic failure contract.
+- `LlmError` — extends `HarnessError`; its stable `code` string (`NO_ADAPTER`, `DUPLICATE_ADAPTER`, and adapter codes like `AUTH`/`RATE_LIMIT`) matches its frozen serializable `failure.code`. The payload may also retain validated status, `Retry-After`, and branded provider request id facts; policy remains outside the error.
 - `errorChain(value)` — renders a thrown value with its full `cause` chain and AggregateError members for diagnostic surfaces (UI notices, logger lines, durable `turn/end` messages), so transport wrappers like undici's `TypeError: fetch failed` surface the underlying `ECONNREFUSED`/DNS/TLS detail instead of masking it. Rendering only — route on `code`, never by parsing the result.
 - `CONTEXT_WINDOW_EXCEEDED_CODE` — the provider-neutral code both DeepSeek adapters use when a request exceeds the model context window, regardless of thrown-HTTP versus in-band finish delivery. `isContextWindowExceededError(detail)` is their shared conservative classifier for OpenAI-compatible provider detail.
+- `QUOTA_EXCEEDED_CODE` — the non-transient provider-neutral code for exhausted account quota, balance, credits, budget, or usage limits. `isQuotaExceededError(detail)` keeps those failures distinct from request-rate limits.
 
 ### Real adapters
 
@@ -65,7 +66,7 @@ Pass-through; the registry preserves the assembled request prefix, while the sel
 
 ## Known Limitations and Deferred Work
 
-- **No default retry/caching/rate-limit policy ships in this service** — `llm/stream` remains the call-wrapper seam; the agent loop separately offers proven model-request failures to `agent/request-error`, whose default preserves the original failure.
+- **No default retry/caching/rate-limit policy ships in this service** — `llm/stream` remains a single-attempt call-wrapper seam; the agent loop separately offers proven model-request failures to `agent/request-error`, whose default preserves the original failure. `@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm-retry` is an optional policy plugin loaded by the shared example spine.
 - **`GenerateOptions` sampling is `temperature`/`maxTokens`/`stop` only** — no `tool_choice`, `top_p`, or penalty fields; the vocabulary grows when a producer lands ([dropped inert knobs](../../../.agents/notes/implemented/simplification/2026-07-04-drop-inert-request-knobs.md)).
 - **Producer-gated variants stay out until produced** — `prefill`, per-tool `strict`, block `cache` hints, and the `agent` message-source variant were pruned as producerless ([Agent Note](../../../.agents/notes/implemented/simplification/2026-07-04-prune-producerless-vocabulary-variants.md)).
 - **`BlockAssembler` handles core block kinds only** — a plugin-added block type whose stream is never closed by `block-end` makes `blocks()` throw.
diff --git a/packages/llm/llm/src/adapter-failure.ts b/packages/llm/llm/src/adapter-failure.ts
index 745cbbdc64..390282327d 100644
--- a/packages/llm/llm/src/adapter-failure.ts
+++ b/packages/llm/llm/src/adapter-failure.ts
@@ -5,10 +5,10 @@
  */
 
 import { HarnessError } from './error.ts'
-import type { StreamChunk } from './types.ts'
+import type { LlmFailure, StreamChunk } from './types.ts'
 
-/** Errors proven to originate in one model call's final adapter boundary. */
-export type AdapterFailureScope = WeakSet<Error>
+/** Errors and normalized facts proven to originate in one model call's final adapter boundary. */
+export type AdapterFailureScope = WeakMap<Error, LlmFailure>
 
 /** Call-local failure scopes keyed by the exact stream handle returned to a consumer. */
 const adapterFailureScopes = new WeakMap<AsyncIterable<StreamChunk>, AdapterFailureScope>()
@@ -47,10 +47,71 @@ export function markLlmAdapterFailure(
   const error = value instanceof Error
     ? value as Error & { code?: string }
     : new HarnessError(String(value), 'UNKNOWN', { cause: value })
-  failures.add(error)
+  const carried = error instanceof HarnessError ? ownFailureSnapshot(error) : undefined
+  const failure = carried !== undefined && carried.code === error.code ? carried : Object.freeze({
+    message: errorMessage(error),
+    code: harnessErrorCode(error),
+  })
+  failures.set(error, failure)
   return error
 }
 
+/** Snapshot an own data property without invoking an SDK-defined accessor. */
+function ownFailureSnapshot(error: Error): LlmFailure | undefined {
+  try {
+    const descriptor = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(error, 'failure')
+    return descriptor !== undefined && 'value' in descriptor
+      ? failureSnapshot(descriptor.value)
+      : undefined
+  } catch (_sdkPropertyTrap) {
+    return undefined
+  }
+}
+
+/** Validate and detach an arbitrary serializable failure payload. */
+function failureSnapshot(value: unknown): LlmFailure | undefined {
+  if (typeof value !== 'object' || value === null) return undefined
+  try {
+    const candidate = value as Partial<LlmFailure>
+    const message = candidate.message
+    const code = candidate.code
+    const status = candidate.status
+    const providerRetryAfterMs = candidate.providerRetryAfterMs
+    const requestId = candidate.requestId
+    if (typeof message !== 'string' || message.length === 0
+      || typeof code !== 'string' || code.length === 0
+      || (status !== undefined && (!Number.isInteger(status) || status < 100 || status > 599))
+      || (providerRetryAfterMs !== undefined
+        && (!Number.isFinite(providerRetryAfterMs) || providerRetryAfterMs <= 0))
+      || (requestId !== undefined && (typeof requestId !== 'string' || requestId.length === 0))) return undefined
+    return Object.freeze({
+      message,
+      code,
+      ...status === undefined ? {} : { status },
+      ...providerRetryAfterMs === undefined ? {} : { providerRetryAfterMs },
+      ...requestId === undefined ? {} : { requestId },
+    })
+  } catch (_sdkFailureGetter) {
+    return undefined
+  }
+}
+
+/** Read an SDK error message without letting an accessor replace the primary failure. */
+function errorMessage(error: Error): string {
+  try {
+    const message: unknown = error.message
+    if (typeof message === 'string' && message.length > 0) return message
+  } catch (_sdkMessageGetter) {
+    // The fallback below preserves a serializable failure beside the original Error.
+  }
+  return 'LLM adapter failed'
+}
+
+/** Trust only Harness-owned codes; third-party SDK codes are not our taxonomy. */
+function harnessErrorCode(error: Error): string {
+  return error instanceof HarnessError ? error.code : 'UNKNOWN'
+}
+
 /**
  * Whether a failure came from final adapter dispatch, iterator construction,
  * or iteration for the call represented by the exact returned stream handle.
@@ -65,3 +126,18 @@ export function isLlmAdapterFailure(
   const failures = adapterFailureScopes.get(stream)
   return value instanceof Error && failures !== undefined && failures.has(value)
 }
+
+/**
+ * Retrieve normalized provider facts only for an Error tagged by this exact
+ * model call's final adapter boundary.
+ * @param stream - the exact stream returned to the consumer.
+ * @param value - the caught failure.
+ * @returns the immutable facts for that call, or `undefined` for middleware, nested, or consumer failures.
+ */
+export function llmFailureOf(
+  stream: AsyncIterable<StreamChunk>,
+  value: unknown,
+): LlmFailure | undefined {
+  const failures = adapterFailureScopes.get(stream)
+  return value instanceof Error ? failures?.get(value) : undefined
+}
diff --git a/packages/llm/llm/src/brand.ts b/packages/llm/llm/src/brand.ts
index ee1cf786b1..259dc49bce 100644
--- a/packages/llm/llm/src/brand.ts
+++ b/packages/llm/llm/src/brand.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /**
- * dsh-llm's owned branded id: `CallId` (tool-call correlation).
+ * dsh-llm's owned branded ids: tool-call correlation and provider request
+ * diagnostics.
  *
  * The `Branded<B>` primitive itself lives in `@deepseek-ai/dsh-brand` (a
  * zero-dependency type-only package) so every owner of a cross-boundary id can
@@ -25,3 +26,15 @@ export type CallId = Branded<'CallId'>
 export function CallId(id: string): CallId {
   return id as CallId
 }
+
+/** Provider-issued request identifier retained for diagnostics across package boundaries. */
+export type ProviderRequestId = Branded<'ProviderRequestId'>
+
+/**
+ * Brand a provider-issued request identifier.
+ * @param id - the opaque provider-issued string.
+ * @returns the same string, branded; no validation is performed.
+ */
+export function ProviderRequestId(id: string): ProviderRequestId {
+  return id as ProviderRequestId
+}
diff --git a/packages/llm/llm/src/error.ts b/packages/llm/llm/src/error.ts
index c351060ee5..758e062895 100644
--- a/packages/llm/llm/src/error.ts
+++ b/packages/llm/llm/src/error.ts
@@ -24,6 +24,9 @@ export class HarnessError extends Error {
 /** Canonical provider-neutral code for a model request rejected because its context window was exceeded. */
 export const CONTEXT_WINDOW_EXCEEDED_CODE = 'CONTEXT_WINDOW_EXCEEDED'
 
+/** Canonical provider-neutral code for an exhausted account quota or balance. */
+export const QUOTA_EXCEEDED_CODE = 'QUOTA'
+
 /** Structured codes and plain phrases that explicitly name a context bound being exceeded. */
 const STRUCTURED_CONTEXT_OVERFLOW = new RegExp(
   String.raw`(?:^|[^a-z0-9])context[\s_-](?:length|window)[\s_-]`
@@ -62,6 +65,20 @@ export function isContextWindowExceededError(detail: string): boolean {
     || EXCEEDS_MODEL_CONTEXT.test(detail)
 }
 
+/**
+ * Recognize provider wording that identifies an exhausted account quota rather
+ * than a transient request-rate limit.
+ * @param detail - provider error code/type/message text joined into one string.
+ * @returns true only for terminal quota, balance, credit, budget, or usage-limit wording.
+ */
+export function isQuotaExceededError(detail: string): boolean {
+  return /\binsufficient[\s_-]+(?:quota|balance|credits?)\b/i.test(detail)
+    || /\b(?:quota|usage[\s_-]+limit)[\s_-]+(?:exceeded|exhausted|reached)\b/i.test(detail)
+    || /\bexceed(?:ed|s)?[\s_-]+(?:(?:your|the)[\s_-]+)?(?:current[\s_-]+)?quota\b/i.test(detail)
+    || /\b(?:balance|credits?)[\s_-]+(?:exhausted|depleted)\b/i.test(detail)
+    || /\bout[\s_-]+of[\s_-]+(?:credits?|budget)\b/i.test(detail)
+}
+
 /**
  * Render a thrown value with its full `cause` chain and AggregateError
  * members, so transport wrappers like undici's `TypeError: fetch failed`
diff --git a/packages/llm/llm/src/index.ts b/packages/llm/llm/src/index.ts
index f276aa9f92..fb431a308c 100644
--- a/packages/llm/llm/src/index.ts
+++ b/packages/llm/llm/src/index.ts
@@ -7,7 +7,8 @@
  */
 
 import { Context, Service } from 'cordis'
-import type { GenerateOptions, LlmModelInfo, LlmProviderInfo, Message, StreamChunk } from './types.ts'
+import type { GenerateOptions, LlmFailure, LlmModelInfo, LlmProviderInfo, Message, StreamChunk } from './types.ts'
+import type { ProviderRequestId } from './brand.ts'
 import { deepFreeze } from './call-config.ts'
 import { HarnessError } from './error.ts'
 import { bindAdapterFailureScope, markLlmAdapterFailure } from './adapter-failure.ts'
@@ -21,7 +22,7 @@ export * from './types.ts'
 export { BlockAssembler } from './assembler.ts'
 export { callConfigEquals, deepFreeze } from './call-config.ts'
 export type { LlmCallConfig } from './call-config.ts'
-export { isLlmAdapterFailure } from './adapter-failure.ts'
+export { isLlmAdapterFailure, llmFailureOf } from './adapter-failure.ts'
 
 declare module 'cordis' {
   interface Context {
@@ -44,14 +45,53 @@ declare module 'cordis' {
   }
 }
 
+/** Structured provider facts and cause accepted by {@link LlmError}. */
+export interface LlmErrorOptions extends ErrorOptions {
+  /** Valid HTTP status observed at the provider boundary. */
+  status?: number
+  /** Positive finite provider-requested delay in milliseconds. */
+  providerRetryAfterMs?: number
+  /** Non-empty opaque provider request id. */
+  requestId?: ProviderRequestId
+}
+
 /**
  * Typed error for LLM-related failures. Extends {@link HarnessError}, so the
  * `code` string (e.g. `AUTH`, `RATE_LIMIT`, `NO_ADAPTER`) is shared taxonomy.
  */
 export class LlmError extends HarnessError {
-  constructor(message: string, code: string, options?: ErrorOptions) {
+  /** Serializable facts retained beside this live Error. */
+  readonly failure: LlmFailure
+
+  /**
+   * @param message - non-empty human-readable failure summary.
+   * @param code - non-empty stable provider-neutral machine code.
+   * @param options - optional cause and validated serializable provider facts.
+   */
+  constructor(message: string, code: string, options?: LlmErrorOptions) {
+    if (typeof message !== 'string' || message.length === 0) throw new Error('LlmError message must be a non-empty string')
+    if (typeof code !== 'string' || code.length === 0) throw new Error('LlmError code must be a non-empty string')
+    if (options?.status !== undefined
+      && (!Number.isInteger(options.status) || options.status < 100 || options.status > 599)) {
+      throw new Error('LlmError status must be an integer from 100 through 599')
+    }
+    if (options?.providerRetryAfterMs !== undefined
+      && (!Number.isFinite(options.providerRetryAfterMs) || options.providerRetryAfterMs <= 0)) {
+      throw new Error('LlmError providerRetryAfterMs must be a positive finite number')
+    }
+    if (options?.requestId !== undefined
+      && (typeof options.requestId !== 'string' || options.requestId.length === 0)) {
+      throw new Error('LlmError requestId must be a non-empty string')
+    }
     super(message, code, options)
     this.name = 'LlmError'
+    this.failure = Object.freeze({
+      message,
+      code,
+      ...options?.status === undefined ? {} : { status: options.status },
+      ...options?.providerRetryAfterMs === undefined ? {} : { providerRetryAfterMs: options.providerRetryAfterMs },
+      ...options?.requestId === undefined ? {} : { requestId: options.requestId },
+    })
   }
 }
 
@@ -262,7 +302,7 @@ export class LlmService extends Service {
    * @returns the chunk stream, possibly wrapped by `llm/stream` listeners.
    */
   stream(options: GenerateOptions): AsyncIterable<StreamChunk> {
-    const failures: AdapterFailureScope = new WeakSet<Error>()
+    const failures: AdapterFailureScope = new WeakMap<Error, LlmFailure>()
     const stream = this.ctx.waterfall(this, 'llm/stream', options, () => this.adapterStream(options, failures))
     return bindAdapterFailureScope(stream, failures)
   }
diff --git a/packages/llm/llm/src/types.ts b/packages/llm/llm/src/types.ts
index b8054c2046..bbe2e09b59 100644
--- a/packages/llm/llm/src/types.ts
+++ b/packages/llm/llm/src/types.ts
@@ -5,7 +5,21 @@
  */
 
 import type { Branded } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-brand'
-import type { CallId } from './brand.ts'
+import type { CallId, ProviderRequestId } from './brand.ts'
+
+/** Serializable provider-boundary facts; policy decides whether they are retryable. */
+export interface LlmFailure {
+  /** Human-readable provider or transport failure. */
+  readonly message: string
+  /** Stable provider-neutral machine-routing code. */
+  readonly code: string
+  /** HTTP status observed at the provider boundary, when available. */
+  readonly status?: number
+  /** Provider-requested delay in milliseconds, when valid and available. */
+  readonly providerRetryAfterMs?: number
+  /** Opaque provider-issued request identifier for diagnostics. */
+  readonly requestId?: ProviderRequestId
+}
 
 /** Plain text visible to the end user. */
 export interface TextBlock {
@@ -98,8 +112,8 @@ export interface FinishReasonMap {
   'stop': { kind: 'stop' }
   'tool-calls': { kind: 'tool-calls' }
   'max-tokens': { kind: 'max-tokens' }
-  'aborted': { kind: 'aborted' }
-  'error': { kind: 'error'; message: string; code?: string }
+  'aborted': { kind: 'aborted'; failure: LlmFailure }
+  'error': { kind: 'error'; failure: LlmFailure }
 }
 
 /** Any known finish reason, derived from {@link FinishReasonMap}; switch on `kind` and fall through unknowns (merge-extensible). */
diff --git a/packages/llm/llm/tests/properties.spec.ts b/packages/llm/llm/tests/properties.spec.ts
index 0d65b545d1..31d07c1a47 100644
--- a/packages/llm/llm/tests/properties.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/llm/llm/tests/properties.spec.ts
@@ -41,7 +41,10 @@ const chunkArb: fc.Arbitrary<StreamChunk> = indexArb.chain(index => fc.oneof(
   fc.constant<StreamChunk>({ type: 'usage', usage: { inputTokens: 1, outputTokens: 1 } }),
   fc.constant<StreamChunk>({ type: 'finish', reason: { kind: 'stop' } }),
   fc.constant<StreamChunk>({ type: 'finish', reason: { kind: 'tool-calls' } }),
-  fc.string().map((message): StreamChunk => ({ type: 'finish', reason: { kind: 'error', message } })),
+  fc.string({ minLength: 1 }).map((message): StreamChunk => ({
+    type: 'finish',
+    reason: { kind: 'error', failure: { message, code: 'UNKNOWN' } },
+  })),
 ))
 
 /** A stream is an arbitrary list of chunks (we do NOT force a terminal finish). */
diff --git a/packages/llm/llm/tests/service.spec.ts b/packages/llm/llm/tests/service.spec.ts
index 67b90d1c2f..9f90a2b7cd 100644
--- a/packages/llm/llm/tests/service.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/llm/llm/tests/service.spec.ts
@@ -5,9 +5,12 @@ import LlmService, {
   GenerateOptions,
   HarnessError,
   isContextWindowExceededError,
+  isQuotaExceededError,
   isLlmAdapterFailure,
   LlmAdapter,
   LlmError,
+  llmFailureOf,
+  ProviderRequestId,
   StreamChunk,
 } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm'
 import type { LlmModelInfo, LlmProviderInfo } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm'
@@ -81,6 +84,18 @@ describe('LlmService', () => {
     expect(isContextWindowExceededError('context window size must be positive')).toBe(false)
   })
 
+  it('distinguishes exhausted account quota from transient rate limiting', () => {
+    for (const detail of [
+      'insufficient_quota',
+      'account balance depleted',
+      'usage-limit-exceeded',
+      'out of credits',
+      'OpenAI API error (429): You exceeded your current quota, please check your plan and billing details.',
+    ]) expect(isQuotaExceededError(detail)).toBe(true)
+    expect(isQuotaExceededError('HTTP 429: rate limit reached')).toBe(false)
+    expect(isQuotaExceededError('quota resets in one minute')).toBe(false)
+  })
+
   it('errorChain renders the full cause chain of a wrapped transport failure', () => {
     const chain = new TypeError('fetch failed', { cause: new Error('connect ECONNREFUSED 127.0.0.1:443') })
     expect(errorChain(chain)).toBe('fetch failed: connect ECONNREFUSED 127.0.0.1:443')
@@ -213,6 +228,151 @@ describe('LlmService', () => {
 
     expect(caught).toBe(original)
     expect(isLlmAdapterFailure(stream, caught)).toBe(true)
+    expect(llmFailureOf(stream, caught)).toEqual({
+      message: `${boundary} failed`,
+      code: 'BOUNDARY_FAILED',
+    })
+  })
+
+  it('keeps structured provider facts beside a frozen third-party Error', async () => {
+    const original = new LlmError('provider busy', 'RATE_LIMIT', {
+      status: 429,
+      providerRetryAfterMs: 1_500,
+      requestId: ProviderRequestId('req-7'),
+    })
+    Object.freeze(original)
+    const ctx = new Context()
+    await ctx.plugin(LlmService)
+    ctx.llm.registerAdapter(['test-provider'], new ThrowingAdapter(original))
+
+    const stream = ctx.llm.stream({ provider: 'test-provider', model: 'test-model', messages: [] })
+    let caught: unknown
+    try {
+      for await (const _chunk of stream) { /* drain */ }
+    } catch (error: unknown) {
+      caught = error
+    }
+
+    expect(caught).toBe(original)
+    expect(llmFailureOf(stream, caught)).toEqual({
+      message: 'provider busy',
+      code: 'RATE_LIMIT',
+      status: 429,
+      providerRetryAfterMs: 1_500,
+      requestId: ProviderRequestId('req-7'),
+    })
+  })
+
+  it('does not trust retry facts carried by an unknown third-party Error', async () => {
+    const carried = { message: 'busy', code: 'SERVER', status: 503 }
+    const original = Object.assign(new Error('busy'), { failure: carried })
+    const ctx = new Context()
+    await ctx.plugin(LlmService)
+    ctx.llm.registerAdapter(['test-provider'], new ThrowingAdapter(original))
+
+    const stream = ctx.llm.stream({ provider: 'test-provider', model: 'test-model', messages: [] })
+    await expect((async () => {
+      for await (const _chunk of stream) { /* drain */ }
+    })()).rejects.toBe(original)
+    const facts = llmFailureOf(stream, original)
+    carried.status = 500
+
+    expect(facts).toEqual({ message: 'busy', code: 'UNKNOWN' })
+    expect(Object.isFrozen(facts)).toBe(true)
+    expect(facts).not.toBe(carried)
+  })
+
+  it('keeps an unknown SDK Error exact without trusting its private code or accessors', async () => {
+    const original = Object.assign(new Error('socket closed'), { code: 'ECONNRESET' })
+    Object.defineProperty(original, 'failure', {
+      get() { throw new Error('SDK failure accessor must not run') },
+    })
+    const ctx = new Context()
+    await ctx.plugin(LlmService)
+    ctx.llm.registerAdapter(['test-provider'], new ThrowingAdapter(original))
+
+    const stream = ctx.llm.stream({ provider: 'test-provider', model: 'test-model', messages: [] })
+    await expect((async () => {
+      for await (const _chunk of stream) { /* drain */ }
+    })()).rejects.toBe(original)
+
+    expect(original.code).toBe('ECONNRESET')
+    expect(llmFailureOf(stream, original)).toEqual({ message: 'socket closed', code: 'UNKNOWN' })
+  })
+
+  it('keeps an SDK Error exact when its message accessor is hostile', async () => {
+    const original = Object.defineProperty(new Error(), 'message', {
+      get() { throw new Error('SDK message accessor trap') },
+    })
+    const ctx = new Context()
+    await ctx.plugin(LlmService)
+    ctx.llm.registerAdapter(['test-provider'], new ThrowingAdapter(original))
+    const stream = ctx.llm.stream({ provider: 'test-provider', model: 'test-model', messages: [] })
+
+    await expect((async () => {
+      for await (const _chunk of stream) { /* drain */ }
+    })()).rejects.toBe(original)
+    expect(llmFailureOf(stream, original)).toEqual({ message: 'LLM adapter failed', code: 'UNKNOWN' })
+  })
+
+  it('falls back safely when SDK objects trap failure inspection or expose malformed facts', async () => {
+    const propertyTrap = new Proxy(new HarnessError('descriptor trapped', 'SERVER'), {
+      getOwnPropertyDescriptor(target, property) {
+        if (property === 'failure') throw new Error('SDK descriptor trap')
+        return Reflect.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(target, property)
+      },
+    })
+    const throwingFacts = Object.create(null) as Record<string, unknown>
+    Object.defineProperty(throwingFacts, 'message', {
+      get() { throw new Error('SDK fact getter trap') },
+    })
+    const carrying = (message: string, failure: unknown): HarnessError => Object.defineProperty(
+      new HarnessError(message, 'SERVER'),
+      'failure',
+      { value: failure },
+    )
+    const factGetter = carrying('fact getter failed', throwingFacts)
+    const malformed = carrying('malformed facts', { message: 'provider busy', code: 'SERVER', requestId: 1 })
+    const primitive = carrying('primitive facts', 1)
+    const nullFacts = carrying('null facts', null)
+    const mismatched = carrying('mismatched facts', { message: 'busy', code: 'RATE_LIMIT' })
+
+    for (const [original, expectedMessage] of [
+      [propertyTrap, 'descriptor trapped'],
+      [factGetter, 'fact getter failed'],
+      [malformed, 'malformed facts'],
+      [primitive, 'primitive facts'],
+      [nullFacts, 'null facts'],
+      [mismatched, 'mismatched facts'],
+    ] as const) {
+      const ctx = new Context()
+      await ctx.plugin(LlmService)
+      ctx.llm.registerAdapter(['test-provider'], new ThrowingAdapter(original))
+      const stream = ctx.llm.stream({ provider: 'test-provider', model: 'test-model', messages: [] })
+
+      await expect((async () => {
+        for await (const _chunk of stream) { /* drain */ }
+      })()).rejects.toBe(original)
+      expect(llmFailureOf(stream, original)).toEqual({ message: expectedMessage, code: 'SERVER' })
+    }
+  })
+
+  it('retains a stable code from a HarnessError without requiring LlmError facts', async () => {
+    const original = new HarnessError('stable adapter failure', 'ADAPTER_STABLE')
+    const ctx = new Context()
+    await ctx.plugin(LlmService)
+    ctx.llm.registerAdapter(['test-provider'], new ThrowingAdapter(original))
+    const stream = ctx.llm.stream({ provider: 'test-provider', model: 'test-model', messages: [] })
+
+    await expect((async () => {
+      for await (const _chunk of stream) { /* drain */ }
+    })()).rejects.toBe(original)
+    expect(llmFailureOf(stream, original)).toEqual({
+      message: 'stable adapter failure',
+      code: 'ADAPTER_STABLE',
+    })
+    expect(llmFailureOf(stream, 'not an Error')).toBeUndefined()
+    expect(llmFailureOf({ [Symbol.asyncIterator]: () => stream[Symbol.asyncIterator]() }, original)).toBeUndefined()
   })
 
   it('keeps a nested adapter failure scoped to the nested model call', async () => {
@@ -631,6 +791,16 @@ describe('LlmService', () => {
     expect(err.code).toBe('CUSTOM_CODE')
   })
 
+  it('rejects non-serializable structured failure facts at construction', () => {
+    expect(() => new LlmError('busy', 'RATE_LIMIT', { status: 42 })).toThrow(/status/)
+    expect(() => new LlmError('busy', 'RATE_LIMIT', { providerRetryAfterMs: Number.NaN }))
+      .toThrow(/providerRetryAfterMs/)
+    expect(() => new LlmError('busy', 'RATE_LIMIT', { requestId: ProviderRequestId('') })).toThrow(/requestId/)
+    expect(() => new LlmError(1 as never, 'RATE_LIMIT')).toThrow(/message/)
+    expect(() => new LlmError('busy', 1 as never)).toThrow(/code/)
+    expect(() => new LlmError('busy', 'RATE_LIMIT', { requestId: 1 as never })).toThrow(/requestId/)
+  })
+
   it('LlmError extends the shared HarnessError base', async () => {
     const { HarnessError, isHarnessError } = await import('@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm')
     const cause = new Error('root cause')
diff --git a/packages/support/llm-replay/tests/llm-replay.spec.ts b/packages/support/llm-replay/tests/llm-replay.spec.ts
index 59ffc485db..846085deec 100644
--- a/packages/support/llm-replay/tests/llm-replay.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/support/llm-replay/tests/llm-replay.spec.ts
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ describe('deriveReplayScript', () => {
   it('keeps a finish-error chunk in the derived entry (replays naturally)', () => {
     const errChunks: StreamChunk[] = [
       { type: 'block-start', index: 0, blockType: 'text' },
-      { type: 'finish', reason: { kind: 'error', message: 'boom', code: 'X' } },
+      { type: 'finish', reason: { kind: 'error', failure: { message: 'boom', code: 'X' } } },
     ]
     const events = errChunks.map((c, i) => chunkEvent(i + 1, 1, 1, c))
     expect(deriveReplayScript(events)).toEqual([{ kind: 'chunks', chunks: errChunks }])
diff --git a/packages/ui/acp/README.md b/packages/ui/acp/README.md
index 1a21853354..22658674b9 100644
--- a/packages/ui/acp/README.md
+++ b/packages/ui/acp/README.md
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ The `initialize` handshake reports a fixed server identity (`agentInfo: { name:
 | `session/load` | `ctx.agents.resume(...)` | reserves the id, verifies the persisted cwd, resumes, and replays user, assistant, and tool events |
 | `session/prompt` | `agent.send()` | supports ACP `text` and `resource_link` blocks; rejects image/audio/embedded resource and empty prompts; one in-flight prompt PER session (independent); settles on the OWNING turn's end (a turn that ends in `error` rejects the RPC) |
 | `session/cancel` | `agent.cancel()` | the queue-aware cancel: aborts a running step, clears queued + steering work, and drops a turn about to start, then settles the prompt `cancelled` — for ONLY that session (a cancel never touches another session's stream or prompt) |
-| `session/update` | `session/event` | streams user replay, assistant text/reasoning, and tool render intents |
+| `session/update` | `session/event` | streams user replay, assistant text/reasoning, retry/failure attempt markers, and tool render intents |
 | `elicitation/create` | `ctx.userInteraction.ask()` | maps `ask_user_question` questions to ACP form elicitations; option descriptions are shown in enum titles, `multi_select` uses ACP array enums, optionless requests use a required `custom` field, and a non-empty custom answer overrides any selected choice |
 | `session/request_permission` | `approval/request` listener | answers one-shot allow/reject requests for bridge-owned calls; foreign or call-less requests delegate and fail closed if unanswered — see "Permission prompts" |
 | `session/set_config_option` | agent-scoped request target / `ctx.permission.set()` | per-session provider+model and permission-preset switching over [session config options](https://agentclientprotocol.com/protocol/session-config-options) — see "Session config options" |
@@ -47,6 +47,8 @@ When `ctx.permission` is composed, the bridge also advertises a `permission` sel
 
 The shared [`ctx.tasks` runtime](../../tasks/tasks/) fences access to predictable task ids by the owning session; ACP sessions therefore cannot read or stop one another's background work.
 
+ACP updates are append-only, so `llm/retry` emits a visible separator that marks preceding partial model output discarded before the next attempt streams. A terminal model-request failure emits the same discarded-output warning; replay derives both markers from the durable events.
+
 ## Per-session cwd
 
 `session/new` records the request's absolute cwd in the session header. Before constructing an agent, `session/load` uses persisted metadata to require an absolute request cwd that matches the stored one. Bash defaults to that workspace; an explicit relative workdir resolves against it, and multiple sessions may use different workspaces. `additionalDirectories` remains unsupported.
diff --git a/packages/ui/acp/package.json b/packages/ui/acp/package.json
index 84e4dcbda9..94cdd10743 100644
--- a/packages/ui/acp/package.json
+++ b/packages/ui/acp/package.json
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-agent": "^0.0.1",
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-bash": "^0.0.1",
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm": "^0.0.1",
+    "@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm-retry": "^0.0.1",
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-permission": "^0.0.1",
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-sandbox": "^0.0.1",
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-session": "^0.0.1",
@@ -50,6 +51,7 @@
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-fs-policy": "workspace:^",
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-invariants": "workspace:^",
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm": "workspace:^",
+    "@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm-retry": "workspace:^",
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-permission": "workspace:^",
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-sandbox": "workspace:^",
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-session": "workspace:^",
diff --git a/packages/ui/acp/src/index.ts b/packages/ui/acp/src/index.ts
index b190aeb47d..38eeb3f914 100644
--- a/packages/ui/acp/src/index.ts
+++ b/packages/ui/acp/src/index.ts
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ import {
 } from '@agentclientprotocol/sdk'
 import type { ContentBlock, LlmCallConfig, LlmModelInfo, LlmProviderInfo } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm'
 import { assertNever, CallId } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm'
+import type {} from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm-retry'
 import type { Agent } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-agent'
 import { SessionId } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-session'
 // Side-effect type import: resolves `ctx.get('permission')` to the service.
@@ -481,7 +482,7 @@ export function apply(ctx: Context, config: AcpConfig): void {
     reason: TurnEndReason,
   ): void => {
     if (reason.kind === 'error') {
-      inflight.reject(internalError(`turn failed: ${reason.message}`))
+      inflight.reject(internalError(`turn failed: ${'failure' in reason ? reason.failure.message : reason.message}`))
     } else {
       inflight.resolve(turnEndToStopReason(reason))
     }
@@ -1036,6 +1037,7 @@ function validateMcpServers(params: { mcpServers?: unknown[] }): void {
  * identical update stream from the same event log.
  *
  * - `assistant/chunk` text-delta/reasoning-delta → message/thought chunks
+ * - `llm/retry` and terminal model failure → visible discarded-attempt markers
  * - `user/message` → `user_message_chunk` during load replay only — so a
  *   loaded transcript reconstructs the USER side of each turn without echoing
  *   a live `session/prompt` back to the client
@@ -1083,6 +1085,13 @@ export function streamSessionEventUpdate(
       }
       return
     }
+    case 'llm/retry': {
+      const text = '\n\n[Previous model attempt discarded; retrying '
+        + `${event.data.retry}/${event.data.maxRetries} in ${event.data.delayMs}ms: `
+        + `${event.data.failure.message}]\n\n`
+      notify({ sessionId, update: { sessionUpdate: 'agent_message_chunk', content: { type: 'text', text } } })
+      return
+    }
     case 'user/message': {
       if (!includeUserMessages) return
       // Replay the user's prompt so a loaded session shows both sides of each
@@ -1114,7 +1123,13 @@ export function streamSessionEventUpdate(
       notify({ sessionId, update: { sessionUpdate: 'plan', ...todosToPlan(event.data.todos) } })
       return
     }
-    // turn/step boundaries, context/message, steering,
+    case 'turn/end': {
+      if (event.data.reason.kind !== 'error' || !('failure' in event.data.reason)) return
+      const text = `\n\n[Model attempt failed; any partial output above is discarded: ${event.data.reason.failure.message}]\n\n`
+      notify({ sessionId, update: { sessionUpdate: 'agent_message_chunk', content: { type: 'text', text } } })
+      return
+    }
+    // non-error turn/step boundaries, context/message, steering,
     // assistant/message — no direct ACP client update.
     default:
       return
diff --git a/packages/ui/acp/tests/harness.ts b/packages/ui/acp/tests/harness.ts
index 1796cbf868..b8b47b80d5 100644
--- a/packages/ui/acp/tests/harness.ts
+++ b/packages/ui/acp/tests/harness.ts
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ export function errorResponse(message: string): StreamChunk[] {
   return [
     { type: 'block-start', index: 0, blockType: 'text' },
     { type: 'text-delta', index: 0, text: 'partial' },
-    { type: 'finish', reason: { kind: 'error', message, code: 'PROVIDER_ERROR' } },
+    { type: 'finish', reason: { kind: 'error', failure: { message, code: 'PROVIDER_ERROR' } } },
   ]
 }
 
diff --git a/packages/ui/acp/tests/stream-update.spec.ts b/packages/ui/acp/tests/stream-update.spec.ts
index 5741205c9a..4f87739cf5 100644
--- a/packages/ui/acp/tests/stream-update.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/ui/acp/tests/stream-update.spec.ts
@@ -76,6 +76,37 @@ describe('streamSessionEventUpdate', () => {
       .toEqual([])
   })
 
+  it('marks retry and terminal model failure boundaries but not ordinary turn errors', () => {
+    expect(updatesFor(evt('llm/retry', {
+      turn: 1,
+      step: 1,
+      retry: 1,
+      maxRetries: 2,
+      delayMs: 500,
+      failure: { message: 'backend busy', code: 'SERVER' },
+    }))).toEqual([{
+      sessionUpdate: 'agent_message_chunk',
+      content: {
+        type: 'text',
+        text: '\n\n[Previous model attempt discarded; retrying 1/2 in 500ms: backend busy]\n\n',
+      },
+    }])
+    expect(updatesFor(evt('turn/end', {
+      turn: 1,
+      reason: { kind: 'error', step: 2, failure: { message: 'still busy', code: 'SERVER' } },
+    }))).toEqual([{
+      sessionUpdate: 'agent_message_chunk',
+      content: {
+        type: 'text',
+        text: '\n\n[Model attempt failed; any partial output above is discarded: still busy]\n\n',
+      },
+    }])
+    expect(updatesFor(evt('turn/end', {
+      turn: 1,
+      reason: { kind: 'error', step: 2, message: 'post-step failed' },
+    }))).toEqual([])
+  })
+
   it('maps tool/call to an in_progress tool_call with kind other and parsed rawInput (generic fallback, no presenter)', () => {
     const updates = updatesFor(evt('tool/call', { turn: 1, step: 1, callId: CallId('c1'), name: 'bash', arguments: '{"command":"ls"}' }))
     expect(updates).toEqual([{
diff --git a/packages/ui/acp/tests/turns.spec.ts b/packages/ui/acp/tests/turns.spec.ts
index 15c2415449..e3e8d679ea 100644
--- a/packages/ui/acp/tests/turns.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/ui/acp/tests/turns.spec.ts
@@ -49,6 +49,15 @@ describe('acp bridge — turn outcomes', () => {
       .rejects.toThrow(/turn failed: provider boom/)
   })
 
+  it('rejects an ordinary plugin turn failure through the same ACP boundary', async () => {
+    harness = await makeBridgeHarness({ storageDir, script: [textResponse('must not run')] })
+    harness.ctx.on('agent/pre-step', () => { throw new Error('plugin pre-step failed') })
+    const sessionId = await newSession(harness)
+
+    await expect(harness.client.prompt({ sessionId, prompt: [{ type: 'text', text: 'go' }] }))
+      .rejects.toThrow(/turn failed: plugin pre-step failed/)
+  })
+
   it('streams a tool call as tool_call then tool_call_update', async () => {
     harness = await makeBridgeHarness({
       storageDir,
diff --git a/packages/ui/acp/tsconfig.json b/packages/ui/acp/tsconfig.json
index 387e0d0c53..de4ccd3650 100644
--- a/packages/ui/acp/tsconfig.json
+++ b/packages/ui/acp/tsconfig.json
@@ -20,6 +20,9 @@
     {
       "path": "../../llm/llm"
     },
+    {
+      "path": "../../llm/llm-retry"
+    },
     {
       "path": "../../core/session"
     },
diff --git a/packages/ui/tui/README.md b/packages/ui/tui/README.md
index cbf76b8cb1..564ce9718d 100644
--- a/packages/ui/tui/README.md
+++ b/packages/ui/tui/README.md
@@ -4,9 +4,11 @@ The interactive terminal front door for DeepSeek Harness agents, built on [`@ear
 
 The implemented [TUI feature Agent Note](../../../.agents/notes/implemented/feature/2026-07-17-dedicated-full-screen-tui-front-door.md) owns the front-door decision; the [terminal-state snapshot Agent Note](../../../.agents/notes/implemented/testing/2026-07-18-tui-terminal-state-snapshots.md) owns its verification strategy.
 
+Interactive terminals on macOS, Linux, and Windows are supported. Windows uses pi-tui's native console VT-input handling, and the [Windows support Agent Note](../../../.agents/notes/implemented/feature/2026-07-20-windows-tui-support.md) owns the platform decision and ConPTY process verification.
+
 This package owns interactive terminal presentation and input only. It injects `agents`, `tools`, and `userInteraction`, then drives an agent created or resumed by app or developer code. Agent lifecycle, persistence, and the model-facing [`ask_user_question`](../tool-ask-user/README.md) tool remain separate composition entries.
 
-The TUI rebuilds resumed history from the active session surface, renders Markdown responses and reasoning, applies each tool's `presentCall` / `presentResult` intent to terminal, diff, or generic cards, keeps the latest `todo/write` plan above the editor, and presents `ctx.userInteraction` questions as keyboard-driven overlays. Surface replacement events rebuild the transcript so compacted history does not reappear.
+The TUI rebuilds resumed history from the active session surface, renders Markdown responses and reasoning, applies each tool's `presentCall` / `presentResult` intent to terminal, diff, or generic cards, keeps the latest `todo/write` plan above the editor, and presents `ctx.userInteraction` questions as keyboard-driven overlays. A durable `llm/retry` event retracts the failed step's live chunks and renders the scheduled retry count, delay, and failure in the transcript; success, exhaustion, and cancellation then settle through ordinary session events. The footer totals each logged model step's usage once, including failed attempts, while treating committed-message usage as a fallback for logs without a usage chunk. Surface replacement events rebuild the transcript so compacted history does not reappear.
 
 An embedding may provide `TuiRuntime.formatCwd` when its logical workspace label differs from the session's host directory. The override changes only the footer label; tools continue to use the session `cwd`.
 
diff --git a/packages/ui/tui/package.json b/packages/ui/tui/package.json
index fd4f187e35..5e7c8d060c 100644
--- a/packages/ui/tui/package.json
+++ b/packages/ui/tui/package.json
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-agent": "^0.0.1",
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-agent-loop": "^0.0.1",
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm": "^0.0.1",
+    "@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm-retry": "^0.0.1",
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-session": "^0.0.1",
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-tools": "^0.0.1",
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-user-interaction": "^0.0.1",
@@ -39,6 +40,7 @@
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-agent": "workspace:^",
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-agent-loop": "workspace:^",
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm": "workspace:^",
+    "@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm-retry": "workspace:^",
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-session": "workspace:^",
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-system-prompt": "workspace:^",
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-tool-cordis": "workspace:^",
diff --git a/packages/ui/tui/src/index.ts b/packages/ui/tui/src/index.ts
index a7cad1659d..fdcf685a92 100644
--- a/packages/ui/tui/src/index.ts
+++ b/packages/ui/tui/src/index.ts
@@ -36,7 +36,8 @@ import z from 'schemastery'
 import type { Agent, AgentStatus } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-agent'
 import type {} from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-agent-loop'
 import { errorChain } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm'
-import type { ContentBlock, StreamChunk } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm'
+import type { ContentBlock, StreamChunk, TokenUsage } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm'
+import type {} from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm-retry'
 import { SessionId, type Session, type SessionEvent, type TodoItem } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-session'
 import type {
   FileDiff,
@@ -612,15 +613,38 @@ function formatCwd(cwd: string | undefined): string {
   return cwd
 }
 
-function sessionTokens(session: Session): { input: number; output: number } {
-  let input = 0
-  let output = 0
-  for (const event of session.events) {
-    if (event.type !== 'assistant/message' || event.data.usage === undefined) continue
-    input += event.data.usage.inputTokens
-    output += event.data.usage.outputTokens
+interface SessionTokenTotals {
+  input: number
+  output: number
+  readonly byStep: Map<string, TokenUsage>
+}
+
+function recordTokenUsage(totals: SessionTokenTotals, turn: number, step: number, usage: TokenUsage): void {
+  const key = `${turn}:${step}`
+  const previous = totals.byStep.get(key)
+  if (previous !== undefined) {
+    totals.input -= previous.inputTokens
+    totals.output -= previous.outputTokens
   }
-  return { input, output }
+  totals.byStep.set(key, usage)
+  totals.input += usage.inputTokens
+  totals.output += usage.outputTokens
+}
+
+function recordEventUsage(totals: SessionTokenTotals, event: SessionEvent): void {
+  if (event.type === 'assistant/chunk' && event.data.chunk.type === 'usage') {
+    recordTokenUsage(totals, event.data.turn, event.data.step, event.data.chunk.usage)
+  } else if (event.type === 'assistant/message' && event.data.usage !== undefined) {
+    recordTokenUsage(totals, event.data.turn, event.data.step, event.data.usage)
+  }
+}
+
+function sessionTokens(session: Session): SessionTokenTotals {
+  const totals: SessionTokenTotals = { input: 0, output: 0, byStep: new Map() }
+  for (const event of session.events) {
+    recordEventUsage(totals, event)
+  }
+  return totals
 }
 
 class FooterComponent implements Component {
@@ -908,6 +932,14 @@ export function createTuiChat(
     return card
   }
 
+  const clearStreaming = (): void => {
+    if (streaming === undefined) return
+    const index = chat.children.indexOf(streaming)
+    /* v8 ignore next -- streaming is assigned only after the same component is added, and every removal clears it. */
+    if (index >= 0) chat.children.splice(index, 1)
+    streaming = undefined
+  }
+
   const renderEvent = (event: SessionEvent, options: { addHistory: boolean; renderChunks: boolean }): void => {
     switch (event.type) {
       case 'user/message': {
@@ -950,15 +982,19 @@ export function createTuiChat(
         }
         break
       case 'assistant/message': {
-        if (streaming !== undefined) {
-          const index = chat.children.indexOf(streaming)
-          if (index >= 0) chat.children.splice(index, 1)
-          streaming = undefined
-        }
+        clearStreaming()
         const component = new AssistantMessageComponent(event.data.content, showReasoning, palette, mdTheme)
         if (component.children.length > 0) chat.addChild(component)
         break
       }
+      case 'llm/retry': {
+        clearStreaming()
+        appendNotice(
+          `Retrying model request (${event.data.retry}/${event.data.maxRetries}) in ${event.data.delayMs}ms: ${event.data.failure.message}`,
+          'warning',
+        )
+        break
+      }
       case 'tool/call':
         chat.addChild(new Spacer(1))
         chat.addChild(parsedTool(event))
@@ -979,9 +1015,13 @@ export function createTuiChat(
         todo.update(event.data.todos)
         break
       case 'turn/end':
+        clearStreaming()
         if (event.data.reason.kind === 'error') {
           const key = `${event.data.turn}:${event.data.reason.step}`
-          if (!liveErrors.delete(key)) appendNotice(event.data.reason.message, 'error')
+          const message = 'failure' in event.data.reason
+            ? event.data.reason.failure.message
+            : event.data.reason.message
+          if (!liveErrors.delete(key)) appendNotice(message, 'error')
         } else if (event.data.reason.kind === 'aborted') {
           appendNotice(event.data.reason.reason ?? 'Turn cancelled.', 'warning')
         } else if (event.data.reason.kind === 'max-tokens') {
@@ -1254,10 +1294,7 @@ export function createTuiChat(
 
   const disposeSessionEvents = ctx.on('session/event', (session, event) => {
     if (session !== agent.session) return
-    if (event.type === 'assistant/message' && event.data.usage !== undefined) {
-      tokens.input += event.data.usage.inputTokens
-      tokens.output += event.data.usage.outputTokens
-    }
+    recordEventUsage(tokens, event)
     if ('surfaceOp' in event && typeof event.surfaceOp === 'object') {
       rebuildTranscript(false)
       return
diff --git a/packages/ui/tui/tests/harness.ts b/packages/ui/tui/tests/harness.ts
index 7cef8ed185..4ac34ad4d2 100644
--- a/packages/ui/tui/tests/harness.ts
+++ b/packages/ui/tui/tests/harness.ts
@@ -125,10 +125,11 @@ export function appendAssistant(
   session: Session,
   content: ContentBlock[],
   usage?: { inputTokens: number; outputTokens: number },
+  position: { turn: number; step: number } = { turn: 1, step: 0 },
 ): void {
   session.append('assistant/message', {
-    turn: 1,
-    step: 0,
+    turn: position.turn,
+    step: position.step,
     provenance: { provider: 'mock', model: 'deepseek-v4-flash' },
     content,
     ...usage === undefined ? {} : { usage },
diff --git a/packages/ui/tui/tests/snapshots/retry-cancelled.expected.txt b/packages/ui/tui/tests/snapshots/retry-cancelled.expected.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f257b1e9f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/ui/tui/tests/snapshots/retry-cancelled.expected.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+terminal 96x36 buffer=normal length=36 base=0 viewport=0
+lifecycle started=1 stopped=0 progress=inactive
+title "DSH snapshot"
+cursor hidden column=1 viewportRow=15 bufferRow=15
+buffer
+0| "╭──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮"
+  style 0-95 fg=bright-blue
+1| "│ DEEPSEEK HARNESS                                                                             │"
+  style 0-0 fg=bright-blue
+  style 2-9 fg=bright-blue bold
+  style 11-17 bold
+  style 95-95 fg=bright-blue
+2| "│ Snapshot agent ready.                                                                        │"
+  style 0-0 fg=bright-blue
+  style 2-22 fg=bright-black
+  style 95-95 fg=bright-blue
+3| "│ deepseek-v4-flash  •  main-session                                                           │"
+  style 0-0 fg=bright-blue
+  style 2-35 dim
+  style 95-95 fg=bright-blue
+4| "╰──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯"
+  style 0-95 fg=bright-blue
+5| <blank>
+6| "▌ "
+  style 0-0 fg=bright-blue
+7| "▌ You                                                                                           "
+  style 0-0 fg=bright-blue
+  style 2-4 fg=bright-blue bold
+8| "▌ Start then cancel.                                                                            "
+  style 0-0 fg=bright-blue
+9| "▌ "
+  style 0-0 fg=bright-blue
+10| <blank>
+11| " Retrying model request (1/2) in 1000ms: temporary transport failure                            "
+  style 1-67 fg=yellow
+12| <blank>
+13| " cancelled during retry delay                                                                   "
+  style 1-28 fg=yellow
+14| "────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────"
+  style 0-95 dim
+15| "                                                                                                "
+  style 1-1 inverse
+16| "────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────"
+  style 0-95 dim
+17| "/workspace/project  ↑0 ↓0                                      idle  reasoning:on  tools:compact"
+  style 0-24 dim
+  style 63-95 dim
+18-35| <blank>
diff --git a/packages/ui/tui/tests/snapshots/retry-exhausted.expected.txt b/packages/ui/tui/tests/snapshots/retry-exhausted.expected.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b1cf16d42a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/ui/tui/tests/snapshots/retry-exhausted.expected.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+terminal 96x36 buffer=normal length=36 base=0 viewport=0
+lifecycle started=1 stopped=0 progress=inactive
+title "DSH snapshot"
+cursor hidden column=1 viewportRow=13 bufferRow=13
+buffer
+0| "╭──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮"
+  style 0-95 fg=bright-blue
+1| "│ DEEPSEEK HARNESS                                                                             │"
+  style 0-0 fg=bright-blue
+  style 2-9 fg=bright-blue bold
+  style 11-17 bold
+  style 95-95 fg=bright-blue
+2| "│ Snapshot agent ready.                                                                        │"
+  style 0-0 fg=bright-blue
+  style 2-22 fg=bright-black
+  style 95-95 fg=bright-blue
+3| "│ deepseek-v4-flash  •  main-session                                                           │"
+  style 0-0 fg=bright-blue
+  style 2-35 dim
+  style 95-95 fg=bright-blue
+4| "╰──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯"
+  style 0-95 fg=bright-blue
+5| <blank>
+6| "▌ "
+  style 0-0 fg=bright-blue
+7| "▌ You                                                                                           "
+  style 0-0 fg=bright-blue
+  style 2-4 fg=bright-blue bold
+8| "▌ Let the bounded policy exhaust.                                                               "
+  style 0-0 fg=bright-blue
+9| "▌ "
+  style 0-0 fg=bright-blue
+10| <blank>
+11| " provider still unavailable                                                                     "
+  style 1-26 fg=red
+12| "────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────"
+  style 0-95 dim
+13| "                                                                                                "
+  style 1-1 inverse
+14| "────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────"
+  style 0-95 dim
+15| "/workspace/project  ↑0 ↓0                                      idle  reasoning:on  tools:compact"
+  style 0-24 dim
+  style 63-95 dim
+16-35| <blank>
diff --git a/packages/ui/tui/tests/snapshots/retry-recovered.expected.txt b/packages/ui/tui/tests/snapshots/retry-recovered.expected.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7d692e4365
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/ui/tui/tests/snapshots/retry-recovered.expected.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+terminal 96x36 buffer=normal length=36 base=0 viewport=0
+lifecycle started=1 stopped=0 progress=inactive
+title "DSH snapshot"
+cursor hidden column=1 viewportRow=16 bufferRow=16
+buffer
+0| "╭──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮"
+  style 0-95 fg=bright-blue
+1| "│ DEEPSEEK HARNESS                                                                             │"
+  style 0-0 fg=bright-blue
+  style 2-9 fg=bright-blue bold
+  style 11-17 bold
+  style 95-95 fg=bright-blue
+2| "│ Snapshot agent ready.                                                                        │"
+  style 0-0 fg=bright-blue
+  style 2-22 fg=bright-black
+  style 95-95 fg=bright-blue
+3| "│ deepseek-v4-flash  •  main-session                                                           │"
+  style 0-0 fg=bright-blue
+  style 2-35 dim
+  style 95-95 fg=bright-blue
+4| "╰──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯"
+  style 0-95 fg=bright-blue
+5| <blank>
+6| "▌ "
+  style 0-0 fg=bright-blue
+7| "▌ You                                                                                           "
+  style 0-0 fg=bright-blue
+  style 2-4 fg=bright-blue bold
+8| "▌ Recover this request.                                                                         "
+  style 0-0 fg=bright-blue
+9| "▌ "
+  style 0-0 fg=bright-blue
+10| <blank>
+11| " Retrying model request (1/2) in 500ms: provider rate limit                                     "
+  style 1-58 fg=yellow
+12| <blank>
+13| " Assistant                                                                                      "
+  style 1-9 fg=bright-magenta bold
+14| " Recovered on the next bounded attempt.                                                         "
+15| "────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────"
+  style 0-95 dim
+16| "                                                                                                "
+  style 1-1 inverse
+17| "────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────"
+  style 0-95 dim
+18| "/workspace/project  ↑0 ↓0                                      idle  reasoning:on  tools:compact"
+  style 0-24 dim
+  style 63-95 dim
+19-35| <blank>
diff --git a/packages/ui/tui/tests/snapshots/retry-scheduled.expected.txt b/packages/ui/tui/tests/snapshots/retry-scheduled.expected.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5cd27db26b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/ui/tui/tests/snapshots/retry-scheduled.expected.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+terminal 96x36 buffer=normal length=36 base=0 viewport=0
+lifecycle started=1 stopped=0 progress=inactive
+title "DSH snapshot"
+cursor hidden column=1 viewportRow=13 bufferRow=13
+buffer
+0| "╭──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮"
+  style 0-95 fg=bright-blue
+1| "│ DEEPSEEK HARNESS                                                                             │"
+  style 0-0 fg=bright-blue
+  style 2-9 fg=bright-blue bold
+  style 11-17 bold
+  style 95-95 fg=bright-blue
+2| "│ Snapshot agent ready.                                                                        │"
+  style 0-0 fg=bright-blue
+  style 2-22 fg=bright-black
+  style 95-95 fg=bright-blue
+3| "│ deepseek-v4-flash  •  main-session                                                           │"
+  style 0-0 fg=bright-blue
+  style 2-35 dim
+  style 95-95 fg=bright-blue
+4| "╰──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯"
+  style 0-95 fg=bright-blue
+5| <blank>
+6| "▌ "
+  style 0-0 fg=bright-blue
+7| "▌ You                                                                                           "
+  style 0-0 fg=bright-blue
+  style 2-4 fg=bright-blue bold
+8| "▌ Recover this request.                                                                         "
+  style 0-0 fg=bright-blue
+9| "▌ "
+  style 0-0 fg=bright-blue
+10| <blank>
+11| " Retrying model request (1/2) in 500ms: provider rate limit                                     "
+  style 1-58 fg=yellow
+12| "────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────"
+  style 0-95 dim
+13| "                                                                                                "
+  style 1-1 inverse
+14| "────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────"
+  style 0-95 dim
+15| "/workspace/project  ↑0 ↓0                                      idle  reasoning:on  tools:compact"
+  style 0-24 dim
+  style 63-95 dim
+16-35| <blank>
diff --git a/packages/ui/tui/tests/tui.snapshot.ts b/packages/ui/tui/tests/tui.snapshot.ts
index 609574e758..b8afc452cb 100644
--- a/packages/ui/tui/tests/tui.snapshot.ts
+++ b/packages/ui/tui/tests/tui.snapshot.ts
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import { fileURLToPath } from 'node:url'
 import { afterAll, describe, expect, it } from 'vitest'
 import type { Context } from 'cordis'
 import { CallId, type ContentBlock } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm'
+import type {} from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm-retry'
 import type { Session } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-session'
 import SystemPrompt from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-system-prompt'
 import ToolRegistry, { type ToolDefinition, type ToolResultView } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-tools'
@@ -24,6 +25,10 @@ const REFRESHING = process.env.DSH_SNAPSHOT === 'refresh'
 
 const CHECKPOINTS = [
   'conversation-streaming',
+  'retry-scheduled',
+  'retry-recovered',
+  'retry-cancelled',
+  'retry-exhausted',
   'code-mode-pending',
   'dynamic-workflow-pending',
   'cordis-tools-pending',
@@ -222,6 +227,82 @@ describe('TUI terminal-state snapshots', () => {
     await disposeSnapshot(harness)
   })
 
+  it('pins failed-stream retraction, scheduled retry, and eventual success', async () => {
+    const harness = await setupSnapshot()
+    await renderAfter(harness, () => {
+      appendUser(harness.session, 'Recover this request.')
+      harness.session.append('assistant/chunk', {
+        turn: 1,
+        step: 1,
+        chunk: { type: 'text-delta', index: 0, text: 'discarded partial output' },
+      })
+      harness.session.append('llm/retry', {
+        turn: 1,
+        step: 1,
+        retry: 1,
+        maxRetries: 2,
+        delayMs: 500,
+        failure: { message: 'provider rate limit', code: 'RATE_LIMIT', status: 429 },
+      })
+    })
+    await checkpoint('retry-scheduled', harness.terminal, { includeScrollback: true })
+
+    await renderAfter(harness, () => {
+      harness.session.append('assistant/message', {
+        turn: 1,
+        step: 2,
+        provenance: { provider: 'mock', model: 'deepseek-v4-flash' },
+        content: [{ type: 'text', text: 'Recovered on the next bounded attempt.' }],
+      }, { surfaceOp: 'append' })
+      harness.session.append('turn/end', { turn: 1, reason: { kind: 'completed' } })
+    })
+    await checkpoint('retry-recovered', harness.terminal, { includeScrollback: true })
+    await disposeSnapshot(harness)
+  })
+
+  it('pins cancellation during a scheduled retry delay', async () => {
+    const harness = await setupSnapshot()
+    await renderAfter(harness, () => {
+      appendUser(harness.session, 'Start then cancel.')
+      harness.session.append('llm/retry', {
+        turn: 1,
+        step: 1,
+        retry: 1,
+        maxRetries: 2,
+        delayMs: 1_000,
+        failure: { message: 'temporary transport failure', code: 'TRANSPORT' },
+      })
+      harness.session.append('turn/end', {
+        turn: 1,
+        reason: { kind: 'aborted', reason: 'cancelled during retry delay' },
+      })
+    })
+    await checkpoint('retry-cancelled', harness.terminal, { includeScrollback: true })
+    await disposeSnapshot(harness)
+  })
+
+  it('pins terminal exhaustion after retracting a failed partial stream', async () => {
+    const harness = await setupSnapshot()
+    await renderAfter(harness, () => {
+      appendUser(harness.session, 'Let the bounded policy exhaust.')
+      harness.session.append('assistant/chunk', {
+        turn: 1,
+        step: 3,
+        chunk: { type: 'text-delta', index: 0, text: 'discarded terminal partial output' },
+      })
+      harness.session.append('turn/end', {
+        turn: 1,
+        reason: {
+          kind: 'error',
+          step: 3,
+          failure: { message: 'provider still unavailable', code: 'SERVER', status: 503 },
+        },
+      })
+    })
+    await checkpoint('retry-exhausted', harness.terminal, { includeScrollback: true })
+    await disposeSnapshot(harness)
+  })
+
   it('pins Code Mode run_code with its production presenter', async () => {
     const harness = await setupSnapshot({ configureContext: configureAdvancedTools })
     const call = {
diff --git a/packages/ui/tui/tests/tui.spec.ts b/packages/ui/tui/tests/tui.spec.ts
index 9d1bc7e1bb..5e38967f42 100644
--- a/packages/ui/tui/tests/tui.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/ui/tui/tests/tui.spec.ts
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import AgentRegistry, { type Agent } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-agent'
 import SessionStore, { SessionId } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-session'
 import type { ToolDefinition } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-tools'
 import UserInteractionService from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-user-interaction'
+import type {} from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm-retry'
 import {
   createTuiChat,
   mountTui,
@@ -248,7 +249,12 @@ describe('pi-tui chat lifecycle and transcript', () => {
     expect(result.terminal.output).toContain('live thought')
     result.terminal.send('\x12')
     await tick()
-    appendAssistant(result.session, [{ type: 'text', text: 'final live answer' }], { inputTokens: 500, outputTokens: 8 })
+    appendAssistant(
+      result.session,
+      [{ type: 'text', text: 'final live answer' }],
+      { inputTokens: 500, outputTokens: 8 },
+      { turn: 2, step: 0 },
+    )
     await tick()
 
     expect(result.terminal.output).toContain('Working')
@@ -280,6 +286,68 @@ describe('pi-tui chat lifecycle and transcript', () => {
     expect(result.terminal.drainInput).toHaveBeenCalledWith(100, 20)
   })
 
+  it('counts failed and recovered request usage once per step', async () => {
+    const result = await setup()
+    result.session.append('assistant/chunk', {
+      turn: 1,
+      step: 1,
+      chunk: { type: 'usage', usage: { inputTokens: 10, outputTokens: 2 } },
+    })
+    result.session.append('llm/retry', {
+      turn: 1,
+      step: 1,
+      retry: 1,
+      maxRetries: 2,
+      delayMs: 500,
+      failure: { message: 'temporary', code: 'SERVER' },
+    })
+    result.session.append('assistant/chunk', {
+      turn: 1,
+      step: 2,
+      chunk: { type: 'usage', usage: { inputTokens: 7, outputTokens: 3 } },
+    })
+    appendAssistant(
+      result.session,
+      [{ type: 'text', text: 'recovered' }],
+      { inputTokens: 7, outputTokens: 3 },
+      { turn: 1, step: 2 },
+    )
+    await tick()
+
+    expect(result.terminal.output).toContain('↑17 ↓5')
+    await dispose(result)
+  })
+
+  it('retracts a failed live stream and renders its durable retry status', async () => {
+    const result = await setup()
+    result.session.append('assistant/chunk', {
+      turn: 1,
+      step: 1,
+      chunk: { type: 'text-delta', index: 0, text: 'discarded partial answer' },
+    })
+    result.session.append('llm/retry', {
+      turn: 1,
+      step: 1,
+      retry: 1,
+      maxRetries: 2,
+      delayMs: 500,
+      failure: { message: 'rate limited', code: 'RATE_LIMIT', status: 429 },
+    })
+    result.session.append('llm/retry', {
+      turn: 1,
+      step: 2,
+      retry: 2,
+      maxRetries: 2,
+      delayMs: 1_000,
+      failure: { message: 'failed before chunks', code: 'SERVER', status: 503 },
+    })
+    await tick()
+
+    expect(result.terminal.output).toContain('Retrying model request (1/2) in 500ms: rate limited')
+    expect(result.terminal.output).toContain('Retrying model request (2/2) in 1000ms: failed before chunks')
+    await dispose(result)
+  })
+
   it('renders the ANSI palette and every markdown/content style', async () => {
     const result = await setup({
       cwd: '/workspace',
@@ -470,10 +538,15 @@ describe('pi-tui chat lifecycle and transcript', () => {
     events.session.append('turn/end', { turn: 6, reason: { kind: 'max-tokens' } })
     events.session.append('turn/end', { turn: 7, reason: { kind: 'rejected', reason: 'policy' } })
     events.session.append('turn/end', { turn: 8, reason: { kind: 'interrupted' } })
+    events.session.append('turn/end', {
+      turn: 9,
+      reason: { kind: 'error', step: 1, failure: { message: 'structured provider failure', code: 'SERVER' } },
+    })
     events.ctx.emit('agent/disposed', events.agent)
     await tick()
     expect(events.terminal.output).toContain('live failure')
     expect(events.terminal.output).toContain('durable failure')
+    expect(events.terminal.output).toContain('structured provider failure')
     expect(events.terminal.output).toContain('stopped')
     expect(events.terminal.output).toContain('output-token limit')
     expect(events.terminal.output).toContain('Turn rejected')
diff --git a/packages/ui/tui/tsconfig.json b/packages/ui/tui/tsconfig.json
index 3a09f80ad8..0c9e89e9e5 100644
--- a/packages/ui/tui/tsconfig.json
+++ b/packages/ui/tui/tsconfig.json
@@ -26,6 +26,9 @@
     {
       "path": "../../llm/llm"
     },
+    {
+      "path": "../../llm/llm-retry"
+    },
     {
       "path": "../../core/tools"
     },
diff --git a/packages/util/timeout/README.md b/packages/util/timeout/README.md
index b5923a3a73..cb6f0aa558 100644
--- a/packages/util/timeout/README.md
+++ b/packages/util/timeout/README.md
@@ -9,13 +9,15 @@ It is a **library, not a service or plugin**: no `ctx`, registers nothing, holds
 ## Surface
 
 ```ts
-import { clampTimeout, deadline, timeoutOf, TimeoutReason } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-timeout'
+import { clampTimeout, deadline, idleWatchdog, MAX_TIMER_DELAY_MS, timeoutOf, TimeoutReason } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-timeout'
 ```
 
 | Export | Role |
 |---|---|
 | `clampTimeout(requested, def, max, name?)` | Validate the caller's optional positive-finite hint, fill from `def`, cap at `max`. Throws (with `name`) on a non-positive/non-finite hint. |
 | `deadline(upstream, timeoutMs, code)` | Fuse `upstream` cancellation with a timeout into one `AbortSignal` (`AbortSignal.any`); the timeout carries a `TimeoutReason`. `[Symbol.dispose]` clears the timer. |
+| `idleWatchdog(upstream, timeoutMs, code)` | Keep one stable fused signal and arm only while its guarded async-iterator `next()` is outstanding. Resolution disarms; later demand rearms; disposal clears; concurrent demand rejects. |
+| `MAX_TIMER_DELAY_MS` | Largest delay Node schedules without clamping it to one millisecond (`2_147_483_647`). Timer-owning config must not exceed it. |
 | `timeoutOf(signal \| { reason }, code?)` | Recover the `TimeoutReason` from an aborted signal/error, else `undefined` — the timeout-vs-cancel classifier. Pass `code` to match only THIS deadline's timer (see nesting below). |
 | `TimeoutReason` | The internal reason (`code` + `timeoutMs`) stamped on a timeout abort. Not a public error — providers translate it into their own error/field. |
 
@@ -44,6 +46,8 @@ The signal only *notifies* — the caller MUST attach its own termination (`d.si
 
 Pass your own `code` to `timeoutOf` so classification composes under nesting: when the `upstream` you were handed is *itself* a deadline signal (a future `tools/execute` middleware arming a per-call deadline), `AbortSignal.any` preserves the outer `TimeoutReason` if the outer timer fires first. Scoping to your `code` makes a foreign timeout read as an ordinary upstream cancel — the correct classification from your capability's view — instead of your own timeout firing when your local timer never expired.
 
+For a streamed transport, create one `idleWatchdog`, pass its stable `signal` into the transport, and call `watchdog.next(iterator)` for each provider read. The interval must be positive, finite, and no greater than `MAX_TIMER_DELAY_MS`; Node otherwise clamps it to one millisecond. It measures only outstanding demand, so no timer runs while downstream code renders or otherwise waits before asking for the next chunk. The primitive still only notifies, so the transport must observe the stable signal; the DeepSeek and pi-ai adapters prove that timeout closes their real response body or SDK request.
+
 ## What does NOT get a timeout
 
 Local file `read`/`write`/`edit` take no `timeoutMs`: a syscall is best-effort-abortable at most, a timeout could not force `fsync`/`rename` to stop, and adding one would be an implicit default that violates explicit-over-implicit. See [`fs/`](../../fs/README.md).
@@ -61,3 +65,4 @@ No direct invalidation; the named consumer owns any request-prefix changes.
 - **Notification only** — a deadline cannot stop work that ignores its signal; every capability still needs its own socket/process/task termination path.
 - **`timeoutMs <= 0` is internal vocabulary** — it disables the local timer only after an owning backend has resolved policy, never as a public model/plugin knob.
 - **The first abort reason wins classification** — when an upstream cancellation beats the local timer, this layer cannot later report that its own timeout would also have elapsed.
+- **An idle watchdog is not a total deadline** — it rearms per outstanding iterator demand and deliberately excludes consumer think time.
diff --git a/packages/util/timeout/src/index.ts b/packages/util/timeout/src/index.ts
index 47c5d87c84..a9bd47eb08 100644
--- a/packages/util/timeout/src/index.ts
+++ b/packages/util/timeout/src/index.ts
@@ -21,6 +21,15 @@ export class TimeoutReason extends Error {
   }
 }
 
+/** Largest delay Node schedules without clamping it to one millisecond. */
+export const MAX_TIMER_DELAY_MS = 2_147_483_647
+
+function assertTimerDelay(timeoutMs: number, name: string): void {
+  if (!Number.isFinite(timeoutMs) || timeoutMs <= 0 || timeoutMs > MAX_TIMER_DELAY_MS) {
+    throw new Error(`${name} must be a positive finite number no greater than ${MAX_TIMER_DELAY_MS}`)
+  }
+}
+
 /**
  * Validate a caller's optional timeout hint, use the backend default, then cap
  * it. Supplied values must be positive and finite; zero is not a public
@@ -53,6 +62,20 @@ export interface Deadline {
   [Symbol.dispose](): void
 }
 
+/** Rearmable timeout around one outstanding async-iterator demand. */
+export interface IdleWatchdog {
+  /** Stable signal aborted by upstream cancellation or this watchdog's timeout. */
+  readonly signal: AbortSignal
+  /**
+   * Await one iterator demand while the idle timer is armed.
+   * @param iterator - iterator whose next value represents provider progress.
+   * @returns the iterator's next result.
+   */
+  next<T>(iterator: AsyncIterator<T>): Promise<IteratorResult<T>>
+  /** Clear an armed timer; safe to call once at the owning stream's exit. */
+  [Symbol.dispose](): void
+}
+
 /**
  * Fuse upstream cancellation with an identifiable timeout. `timeoutMs <= 0` is
  * the internal no-timer sentinel; the returned disposer clears an armed timer.
@@ -74,6 +97,8 @@ export function deadline(
     return { signal: upstream ?? new AbortController().signal, [Symbol.dispose]() {} }
   }
 
+  assertTimerDelay(timeoutMs, 'deadline timeoutMs')
+
   const timer = new AbortController()
   const id = setTimeout(() => { timer.abort(new TimeoutReason(code, timeoutMs)) }, timeoutMs)
   return {
@@ -85,6 +110,57 @@ export function deadline(
   }
 }
 
+/**
+ * Create a rearmable idle watchdog for an async iterator. The timer exists only
+ * while {@link IdleWatchdog.next} is outstanding, so consumer think time does
+ * not count as provider idle time. The returned signal is stable for the whole
+ * call and only notifies; the iterator must observe it to terminate its work.
+ *
+ * @param upstream - caller cancellation fused into the stable signal.
+ * @param timeoutMs - positive finite idle interval in milliseconds.
+ * @param code - capability-owned code carried by the timeout reason.
+ * @returns a stable signal, guarded next operation, and timer disposer.
+ */
+export function idleWatchdog(
+  upstream: AbortSignal | undefined,
+  timeoutMs: number,
+  code: string,
+): IdleWatchdog {
+  assertTimerDelay(timeoutMs, 'idleWatchdog timeoutMs')
+  const timeout = new AbortController()
+  const signal = upstream === undefined
+    ? timeout.signal
+    : AbortSignal.any([upstream, timeout.signal])
+  let timer: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | undefined
+  let outstanding = false
+  let disposed = false
+
+  return {
+    signal,
+    async next<T>(iterator: AsyncIterator<T>): Promise<IteratorResult<T>> {
+      if (disposed) throw new Error('idleWatchdog is disposed')
+      if (outstanding) throw new Error('idleWatchdog next is already outstanding')
+      outstanding = true
+      timer = setTimeout(() => {
+        timeout.abort(new TimeoutReason(code, timeoutMs))
+      }, timeoutMs)
+      try {
+        return await iterator.next()
+      } finally {
+        clearTimeout(timer)
+        timer = undefined
+        outstanding = false
+      }
+    },
+    [Symbol.dispose](): void {
+      if (disposed) return
+      disposed = true
+      if (timer !== undefined) clearTimeout(timer)
+      timer = undefined
+    },
+  }
+}
+
 /**
  * Recover a timeout reason from a reason-bearing object. Supplying `code`
  * distinguishes this deadline from a nested upstream deadline; a foreign code
diff --git a/packages/util/timeout/tests/timeout.spec.ts b/packages/util/timeout/tests/timeout.spec.ts
index dd4da3adde..11779c915f 100644
--- a/packages/util/timeout/tests/timeout.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/util/timeout/tests/timeout.spec.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,12 @@
 import { afterEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest'
-import { clampTimeout, deadline, timeoutOf, TimeoutReason } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-timeout'
+import {
+  clampTimeout,
+  deadline,
+  idleWatchdog,
+  MAX_TIMER_DELAY_MS,
+  timeoutOf,
+  TimeoutReason,
+} from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-timeout'
 
 describe('TimeoutReason', () => {
   it('is an Error carrying the code and elapsed ms', () => {
@@ -67,6 +74,13 @@ describe('deadline — timeout arm', () => {
     expect(d.signal.aborted).toBe(false)
     expect(timeoutOf(d.signal)).toBeUndefined()
   })
+
+  it('rejects delays that Node would clamp to one millisecond', () => {
+    expect(() => deadline(undefined, MAX_TIMER_DELAY_MS + 1, 'BASH_TIMEOUT'))
+      .toThrow(`no greater than ${MAX_TIMER_DELAY_MS}`)
+    expect(() => deadline(undefined, Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY, 'BASH_TIMEOUT'))
+      .toThrow(`no greater than ${MAX_TIMER_DELAY_MS}`)
+  })
 })
 
 describe('deadline — fuse with upstream', () => {
@@ -182,3 +196,74 @@ describe('deadline — nested deadlines', () => {
     expect(timeoutOf(inner.signal)?.code).toBe('OUTER_TIMEOUT') // but IS a timeout, unscoped
   })
 })
+
+describe('idleWatchdog', () => {
+  afterEach(() => { vi.useRealTimers() })
+
+  it('arms only while next is outstanding and rearms the same signal for later demand', async () => {
+    vi.useFakeTimers()
+    const first = Promise.withResolvers<IteratorResult<number>>()
+    const second = Promise.withResolvers<IteratorResult<number>>()
+    const iterator: AsyncIterator<number> = {
+      next: vi.fn()
+        .mockImplementationOnce(() => first.promise)
+        .mockImplementationOnce(() => second.promise),
+    }
+    using watchdog = idleWatchdog(undefined, 100, 'LLM_STREAM_IDLE_TIMEOUT')
+    const stableSignal = watchdog.signal
+
+    const firstNext = watchdog.next(iterator)
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(99)
+    expect(stableSignal.aborted).toBe(false)
+    first.resolve({ done: false, value: 1 })
+    await expect(firstNext).resolves.toEqual({ done: false, value: 1 })
+
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(10_000)
+    expect(stableSignal.aborted).toBe(false)
+    expect(watchdog.signal).toBe(stableSignal)
+
+    const secondNext = watchdog.next(iterator)
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(100)
+    expect(timeoutOf(stableSignal, 'LLM_STREAM_IDLE_TIMEOUT')).toMatchObject({ timeoutMs: 100 })
+    second.reject(stableSignal.reason)
+    await expect(secondNext).rejects.toBe(stableSignal.reason)
+  })
+
+  it('keeps an earlier upstream abort distinct from its own timeout', async () => {
+    vi.useFakeTimers()
+    const upstream = new AbortController()
+    using watchdog = idleWatchdog(upstream.signal, 100, 'LLM_STREAM_IDLE_TIMEOUT')
+    upstream.abort('caller cancelled')
+    expect(watchdog.signal.aborted).toBe(true)
+    expect(timeoutOf(watchdog.signal, 'LLM_STREAM_IDLE_TIMEOUT')).toBeUndefined()
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(1_000)
+    expect(watchdog.signal.reason).toBe('caller cancelled')
+  })
+
+  it('clears an outstanding arm on disposal', async () => {
+    vi.useFakeTimers()
+    const pending = Promise.withResolvers<IteratorResult<number>>()
+    const watchdog = idleWatchdog(undefined, 100, 'LLM_STREAM_IDLE_TIMEOUT')
+    void watchdog.next({ next: () => pending.promise })
+    watchdog[Symbol.dispose]()
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(1_000)
+    expect(watchdog.signal.aborted).toBe(false)
+    pending.resolve({ done: true, value: undefined })
+    await expect(watchdog.next({ next: () => Promise.resolve({ done: true, value: undefined }) }))
+      .rejects.toThrow(/disposed/)
+    watchdog[Symbol.dispose]()
+  })
+
+  it('rejects invalid bounds and concurrent iterator demand', async () => {
+    expect(() => idleWatchdog(undefined, 0, 'IDLE')).toThrow(/positive finite/)
+    expect(() => idleWatchdog(undefined, Number.NaN, 'IDLE')).toThrow(/positive finite/)
+    expect(() => idleWatchdog(undefined, MAX_TIMER_DELAY_MS + 1, 'IDLE'))
+      .toThrow(`no greater than ${MAX_TIMER_DELAY_MS}`)
+    const pending = Promise.withResolvers<IteratorResult<number>>()
+    using watchdog = idleWatchdog(undefined, 100, 'IDLE')
+    const iterator = { next: () => pending.promise }
+    void watchdog.next(iterator)
+    await expect(watchdog.next(iterator)).rejects.toThrow(/already outstanding/)
+    pending.resolve({ done: true, value: undefined })
+  })
+})
diff --git a/pnpm-lock.yaml b/pnpm-lock.yaml
index 4649fe1e8c..a692b00652 100644
--- a/pnpm-lock.yaml
+++ b/pnpm-lock.yaml
@@ -227,6 +227,10 @@ importers:
       '@deepseek-ai/dsh-workflow-workerthread':
         specifier: workspace:*
         version: link:../packages/workflow/workflow-workerthread
+    devDependencies:
+      node-pty:
+        specifier: 1.1.0
+        version: 1.1.0
 
   packages/bash/bash:
     devDependencies:
@@ -402,6 +406,9 @@ importers:
       '@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm':
         specifier: workspace:^
         version: link:../../llm/llm
+      '@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm-retry':
+        specifier: workspace:^
+        version: link:../../llm/llm-retry
       '@deepseek-ai/dsh-session':
         specifier: workspace:^
         version: link:../../core/session
@@ -755,6 +762,9 @@ importers:
       '@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm':
         specifier: workspace:^
         version: link:../../llm/llm
+      '@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm-retry':
+        specifier: workspace:^
+        version: link:../../llm/llm-retry
       '@deepseek-ai/dsh-session':
         specifier: workspace:^
         version: link:../../core/session
@@ -1198,6 +1208,9 @@ importers:
       '@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm':
         specifier: workspace:^
         version: link:../llm
+      '@deepseek-ai/dsh-timeout':
+        specifier: workspace:^
+        version: link:../../util/timeout
       cordis:
         specifier: ^4.0.0-rc.7
         version: 4.0.0-rc.7(@cordisjs/plugin-include@1.0.4)(@cordisjs/plugin-loader@1.0.0-rc.5)
@@ -1217,10 +1230,56 @@ importers:
       '@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm-deepseek':
         specifier: workspace:^
         version: link:../llm-deepseek
+      '@deepseek-ai/dsh-timeout':
+        specifier: workspace:^
+        version: link:../../util/timeout
       cordis:
         specifier: ^4.0.0-rc.7
         version: 4.0.0-rc.7(@cordisjs/plugin-include@1.0.4)(@cordisjs/plugin-loader@1.0.0-rc.5)
 
+  packages/llm/llm-retry:
+    dependencies:
+      schemastery:
+        specifier: ^3.18.0
+        version: 3.18.0
+    devDependencies:
+      '@cordisjs/plugin-include':
+        specifier: workspace:^
+        version: link:../../../vendor/include
+      '@cordisjs/plugin-loader':
+        specifier: workspace:^
+        version: link:../../../vendor/loader
+      '@deepseek-ai/dsh-agent':
+        specifier: workspace:^
+        version: link:../../core/agent
+      '@deepseek-ai/dsh-agent-loop':
+        specifier: workspace:^
+        version: link:../../core/agent-loop
+      '@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm':
+        specifier: workspace:^
+        version: link:../llm
+      '@deepseek-ai/dsh-session':
+        specifier: workspace:^
+        version: link:../../core/session
+      '@deepseek-ai/dsh-session-persistence-jsonl':
+        specifier: workspace:^
+        version: link:../../session-persistence/session-persistence-jsonl
+      '@deepseek-ai/dsh-session-persistence-sqlite':
+        specifier: workspace:^
+        version: link:../../session-persistence/session-persistence-sqlite
+      '@deepseek-ai/dsh-system-prompt':
+        specifier: workspace:^
+        version: link:../../core/system-prompt
+      '@deepseek-ai/dsh-timeout':
+        specifier: workspace:^
+        version: link:../../util/timeout
+      '@deepseek-ai/dsh-tools':
+        specifier: workspace:^
+        version: link:../../core/tools
+      cordis:
+        specifier: ^4.0.0-rc.7
+        version: 4.0.0-rc.7(@cordisjs/plugin-include@vendor+include)(@cordisjs/plugin-loader@vendor+loader)
+
   packages/llm/token-meter:
     dependencies:
       schemastery:
@@ -2033,6 +2092,9 @@ importers:
       '@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm':
         specifier: workspace:^
         version: link:../../llm/llm
+      '@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm-retry':
+        specifier: workspace:^
+        version: link:../../llm/llm-retry
       '@deepseek-ai/dsh-permission':
         specifier: workspace:^
         version: link:../permission
@@ -2192,6 +2254,9 @@ importers:
       '@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm':
         specifier: workspace:^
         version: link:../../llm/llm
+      '@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm-retry':
+        specifier: workspace:^
+        version: link:../../llm/llm-retry
       '@deepseek-ai/dsh-session':
         specifier: workspace:^
         version: link:../../core/session
@@ -2591,6 +2656,9 @@ importers:
       '@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm-pi-ai':
         specifier: workspace:^
         version: link:../../packages/llm/llm-pi-ai
+      '@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm-retry':
+        specifier: workspace:^
+        version: link:../../packages/llm/llm-retry
       '@deepseek-ai/dsh-paths':
         specifier: workspace:^
         version: link:../../packages/util/paths
@@ -6263,6 +6331,9 @@ packages:
   neo-async@2.6.2:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-Yd3UES5mWCSqR+qNT93S3UoYUkqAZ9lLg8a7g9rimsWmYGK8cVToA4/sF3RrshdyV3sAGMXVUmpMYOw+dLpOuw==}
 
+  node-addon-api@7.1.1:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-5m3bsyrjFWE1xf7nz7YXdN4udnVtXK6/Yfgn5qnahL6bCkf2yKt4k3nuTKAtT4r3IG8JNR2ncsIMdZuAzJjHQQ==}
+
   node-addon-landlock-run-linux-arm64@0.0.0-test.0:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-oJsXcC33qKl9mWYx0n9YPJ2pUAoY39PoIX0Gx4lDrSCTEvENFrEaODAsQYNY+eEGpn9YMN7E+FOftvea3/1FqQ==}
     engines: {node: '>=20'}
@@ -6340,6 +6411,9 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-dRB78srN/l6gqWulah9SrxeYnxeddIG30+GOqK/9OlLVyLg3HPnr6SqOWTWOXKRwC2eGYCkZ59NNuSgvSrpgOA==}
     engines: {node: ^12.20.0 || ^14.13.1 || >=16.0.0}
 
+  node-pty@1.1.0:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-20JqtutY6JPXTUnL0ij1uad7Qe1baT46lyolh2sSENDd4sTzKZ4nmAFkeAARDKwmlLjPx6XKRlwRUxwjOy+lUg==}
+
   non-layered-tidy-tree-layout@2.0.2:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-gkXMxRzUH+PB0ax9dUN0yYF0S25BqeAYqhgMaLUFmpXLEk7Fcu8f4emJuOAY0V8kjDICxROIKsTAKsV/v355xw==}
 
@@ -10752,6 +10826,8 @@ snapshots:
 
   neo-async@2.6.2: {}
 
+  node-addon-api@7.1.1: {}
+
   node-addon-landlock-run-linux-arm64@0.0.0-test.0:
     optional: true
 
@@ -10820,6 +10896,10 @@ snapshots:
       fetch-blob: 3.2.0
       formdata-polyfill: 4.0.10
 
+  node-pty@1.1.0:
+    dependencies:
+      node-addon-api: 7.1.1
+
   non-layered-tidy-tree-layout@2.0.2:
     optional: true
 
diff --git a/pnpm-workspace.yaml b/pnpm-workspace.yaml
index ca03b1b35a..62a78a2e69 100644
--- a/pnpm-workspace.yaml
+++ b/pnpm-workspace.yaml
@@ -25,6 +25,8 @@ peerDependencyRules:
 allowBuilds:
   esbuild: true
   lefthook: true
+  # Cross-platform PTY boundary for the TUI process smoke, including ConPTY on Windows.
+  node-pty: true
   # Pulled in by @earendil-works/pi-ai (optional LLM API backend). pnpm lists
   # them only because they ship lifecycle scripts, but those are no-ops we don't
   # need, so we deny them — install still succeeds.
diff --git a/python/sdk-runtime/package.json b/python/sdk-runtime/package.json
index 6f34f2b15b..a9405ddd80 100644
--- a/python/sdk-runtime/package.json
+++ b/python/sdk-runtime/package.json
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-compact-tool-result-prune": "workspace:^",
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm-deepseek": "workspace:^",
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm-pi-ai": "workspace:^",
+    "@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm-retry": "workspace:^",
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-permission": "workspace:^",
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-paths": "workspace:^",
     "@deepseek-ai/dsh-repeat-tool-guard": "workspace:^",
diff --git a/scripts/gen-cordis-catalog.ts b/scripts/gen-cordis-catalog.ts
index 97556dd019..9c35e19bd2 100644
--- a/scripts/gen-cordis-catalog.ts
+++ b/scripts/gen-cordis-catalog.ts
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ export const LINK_MAP: Record<string, string> = {
   ContinuationStop: 'core.md',
   GenerateOptions: 'core.md',
   LlmCallConfig: 'core.md',
+  LlmFailure: 'llm-streaming.md',
   LlmModelInfo: 'core.md',
   LlmProviderInfo: 'core.md',
   Message: 'core.md',
diff --git a/scripts/type-equiv.manifest.json b/scripts/type-equiv.manifest.json
index 7daf60e344..61f5d52e62 100644
--- a/scripts/type-equiv.manifest.json
+++ b/scripts/type-equiv.manifest.json
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@
     { "doc": "docs/core-data-structures/system-prompt.md", "symbol": "ToolProviderResult", "source": "packages/core/system-prompt/src/index.ts" },
 
     { "doc": "docs/core-data-structures/llm-streaming.md", "symbol": "StreamChunk", "source": "packages/llm/llm/src/types.ts" },
+    { "doc": "docs/core-data-structures/llm-streaming.md", "symbol": "LlmFailure", "source": "packages/llm/llm/src/types.ts" },
     { "doc": "docs/core-data-structures/llm-streaming.md", "symbol": "TokenUsage", "source": "packages/llm/llm/src/types.ts" },
     { "doc": "docs/core-data-structures/llm-streaming.md", "symbol": "ContentBlockMap", "source": "packages/llm/llm/src/types.ts" },
     { "doc": "docs/core-data-structures/llm-streaming.md", "symbol": "AppIdentity", "source": "packages/llm/llm/src/attribution.ts" },
diff --git a/tsconfig.build.json b/tsconfig.build.json
index 189f23fdc4..0504806166 100644
--- a/tsconfig.build.json
+++ b/tsconfig.build.json
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@
     { "path": "./packages/ui/tool-ask-user" },
     { "path": "./packages/context/workspace-context" },
     { "path": "./packages/core/agent-loop" },
+    { "path": "./packages/llm/llm-retry" },
     { "path": "./packages/examples/agent-spine-demo" },
     { "path": "./packages/examples/cli-demo" },
     { "path": "./packages/bash/bash" },
diff --git a/tsconfig.json b/tsconfig.json
index 29474f33eb..1bf732aff2 100644
--- a/tsconfig.json
+++ b/tsconfig.json
@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@
     { "path": "./packages/ui/tool-ask-user" },
     { "path": "./packages/context/workspace-context" },
     { "path": "./packages/core/agent-loop" },
+    { "path": "./packages/llm/llm-retry" },
     { "path": "./packages/examples/agent-spine-demo" },
     { "path": "./packages/examples/cli-demo" },
     { "path": "./packages/bash/bash" },