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deepseek-harness/packages/core/tools/src/json-schema.ts
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TypeScript

/**
* Enforced JSON Schema subset shared by tool outputs, generated Code Mode
* types, subagents, and workflows. The subset accepts any JSON root, an
* annotation-only schema for unconstrained JSON, one scalar `type`, object
* `properties`/`required`/boolean `additionalProperties`, array `items`,
* type-correct scalar `enum`/`const`, and exact-one `oneOf`.
*
* Unsupported or misplaced keywords reject rather than being accepted without
* enforcement. Consumers that require an object root apply
* {@link assertObjectJsonSchema} at their own boundary.
* @module dsh-tools/json-schema
*/
import { assertNever, HarnessError } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-llm'
import { isJsonValue, type JsonValue } from '@deepseek-ai/dsh-session'
/** Scalar JSON values supported by `enum` and `const`. */
export type JsonSchemaScalar = string | number | boolean | null
/** Single-type keywords accepted by the enforced subset. */
export type JsonSchemaType = 'object' | 'array' | 'string' | 'number' | 'integer' | 'boolean' | 'null'
/** Scalar-only schema types accepted by literal constraints. */
type JsonSchemaScalarType = Exclude<JsonSchemaType, 'object' | 'array'>
/**
* One raw JSON Schema node in the enforced subset. The optional fields express
* the external wire shape; {@link assertSupportedJsonSchema} rejects invalid
* combinations before a caller treats the node as trusted.
*/
export interface JsonSchemaNode {
/** Omit with no constraints for any JSON value, or use `oneOf`. */
type?: JsonSchemaType
/** Exactly one branch must validate; at least two branches are required. */
oneOf?: JsonSchemaNode[]
/** Nested property schemas (`type: 'object'` only). */
properties?: Record<string, JsonSchemaNode>
/** Required property names; each must appear in `properties`. */
required?: string[]
/** `false` rejects undeclared keys; absent/`true` follows JSON Schema's open default. */
additionalProperties?: boolean
/** Item schema (`type: 'array'` only); absent accepts any JSON item. */
items?: JsonSchemaNode
/** Allowed values for a scalar node. */
enum?: JsonSchemaScalar[]
/** The single allowed value for a scalar node. */
const?: JsonSchemaScalar
/** Annotation, ignored for validation. */
description?: string
/** Annotation, ignored for validation. */
title?: string
/** Annotation, ignored for validation but required to be lossless JSON. */
default?: JsonValue
/** Annotation, ignored for validation but required to be lossless JSON. */
examples?: JsonValue
}
/** A consumer-constrained object-rooted schema. */
export type ObjectJsonSchema = JsonSchemaNode & { type: 'object' }
/**
* Thrown when a raw schema falls outside the enforced subset. `violations`
* lists every offending path instead of stopping at the first author error.
*/
export class JsonSchemaError extends HarnessError {
/** Individual schema violations in walk order. */
readonly violations: string[]
constructor(violations: string[]) {
super(`unsupported JSON schema: ${violations.join('; ')}`, 'UNSUPPORTED_SCHEMA')
this.name = 'JsonSchemaError'
this.violations = violations
}
}
const CONSTRAINT_KEYWORDS = new Set([
'type',
'oneOf',
'properties',
'required',
'additionalProperties',
'items',
'enum',
'const',
])
const ANNOTATION_KEYWORDS = new Set(['description', 'title', 'default', 'examples'])
const SCHEMA_TYPES: readonly JsonSchemaType[] = ['object', 'array', 'string', 'number', 'integer', 'boolean', 'null']
/**
* Test for a realm-agnostic plain JSON record without accepting arrays or
* exotic objects.
* @param value - candidate record from any JavaScript realm.
* @returns Whether the value has a plain-object prototype chain.
*/
export function isPlainJsonRecord(value: unknown): value is Record<string, unknown> {
if (typeof value !== 'object' || value === null || Array.isArray(value)) return false
const proto: unknown = Object.getPrototypeOf(value)
return proto === null || Object.getPrototypeOf(proto) === null
}
/** Lossless finite JSON number, excluding negative zero. */
function isJsonNumber(value: unknown): value is number {
return typeof value === 'number' && Number.isFinite(value) && !Object.is(value, -0)
}
/** Whether a scalar is valid for one declared schema type. */
function scalarMatches(type: JsonSchemaScalarType, value: unknown): value is JsonSchemaScalar {
switch (type) {
case 'string': return typeof value === 'string'
case 'number': return isJsonNumber(value)
case 'integer': return isJsonNumber(value) && Number.isInteger(value)
case 'boolean': return typeof value === 'boolean'
case 'null': return value === null
/* v8 ignore next -- JsonSchemaScalarType is closed; this retains compile-time exhaustiveness. */
default: return assertNever(type, 'JsonSchemaType')
}
}
/** Collect every violation for one raw schema node. */
function checkSchemaNode(node: unknown, path: string, violations: string[], seen: Set<object>): void {
if (!isPlainJsonRecord(node)) {
violations.push(`${path} must be a schema object`)
return
}
if (seen.has(node)) {
violations.push(`${path} is circular`)
return
}
seen.add(node)
try {
for (const key of Object.keys(node)) {
if (CONSTRAINT_KEYWORDS.has(key)) continue
if (ANNOTATION_KEYWORDS.has(key)) {
try {
if (!isJsonValue(node[key])) violations.push(`${path}.${key} annotation must be lossless JSON data`)
} catch {
violations.push(`${path}.${key} annotation must be lossless JSON data`)
}
continue
}
violations.push(`${path}.${key} is not a supported keyword (subset: type/oneOf/properties/required/additionalProperties/items/enum/const + annotations)`)
}
if (node.description !== undefined && typeof node.description !== 'string') {
violations.push(`${path}.description must be a string`)
}
if (node.title !== undefined && typeof node.title !== 'string') {
violations.push(`${path}.title must be a string`)
}
const hasType = Object.hasOwn(node, 'type')
const hasOneOf = Object.hasOwn(node, 'oneOf')
if (hasType && hasOneOf) {
violations.push(`${path} cannot declare both type and oneOf`)
return
}
if (!hasType && !hasOneOf) {
for (const key of ['properties', 'required', 'additionalProperties', 'items', 'enum', 'const']) {
if (Object.hasOwn(node, key)) violations.push(`${path}.${key} requires type or oneOf`)
}
return
}
if (hasOneOf) {
const oneOf = node.oneOf
if (!Array.isArray(oneOf) || oneOf.length < 2) {
violations.push(`${path}.oneOf must be an array of at least two schemas`)
} else {
for (let index = 0; index < oneOf.length; index++) {
checkSchemaNode(oneOf[index], `${path}.oneOf[${index}]`, violations, seen)
}
}
for (const key of ['properties', 'required', 'additionalProperties', 'items', 'enum', 'const']) {
if (Object.hasOwn(node, key)) violations.push(`${path}.${key} is not supported beside oneOf`)
}
return
}
const type = node.type
if (typeof type !== 'string' || !(SCHEMA_TYPES as readonly unknown[]).includes(type)) {
violations.push(Array.isArray(type)
? `${path}.type must be a single type string (type arrays are not supported)`
: `${path}.type must be one of ${SCHEMA_TYPES.join('/')}`)
return
}
const schemaType = type as JsonSchemaType
const allowedFor: Record<string, JsonSchemaType[]> = {
properties: ['object'],
required: ['object'],
additionalProperties: ['object'],
items: ['array'],
enum: ['string', 'number', 'integer', 'boolean', 'null'],
const: ['string', 'number', 'integer', 'boolean', 'null'],
}
for (const [key, types] of Object.entries(allowedFor)) {
if (Object.hasOwn(node, key) && !types.includes(schemaType)) {
violations.push(`${path}.${key} is not supported on type "${schemaType}"`)
}
}
switch (schemaType) {
case 'object': {
const properties = node.properties
if (Object.hasOwn(node, 'properties')) {
if (!isPlainJsonRecord(properties)) {
violations.push(`${path}.properties must be an object of schemas`)
} else {
for (const [key, child] of Object.entries(properties)) {
checkSchemaNode(child, `${path}.properties.${key}`, violations, seen)
}
}
}
const required = node.required
if (Object.hasOwn(node, 'required')) {
if (!Array.isArray(required) || required.some(entry => typeof entry !== 'string')) {
violations.push(`${path}.required must be an array of strings`)
} else {
const declared = isPlainJsonRecord(properties) ? properties : {}
for (const key of required as string[]) {
if (!Object.hasOwn(declared, key)) violations.push(`${path}.required names "${key}" which is not in properties`)
}
}
}
if (Object.hasOwn(node, 'additionalProperties') && typeof node.additionalProperties !== 'boolean') {
violations.push(`${path}.additionalProperties must be a boolean`)
}
break
}
case 'array': {
if (Object.hasOwn(node, 'items')) checkSchemaNode(node.items, `${path}.items`, violations, seen)
break
}
case 'string':
case 'number':
case 'integer':
case 'boolean':
case 'null': {
const allowed = node.enum
const enumValid = Array.isArray(allowed)
&& allowed.length > 0
&& allowed.every(entry => scalarMatches(schemaType, entry))
if (Object.hasOwn(node, 'enum')) {
if (!enumValid) {
violations.push(`${path}.enum must be a non-empty array of ${schemaType} values`)
}
}
const constValid = scalarMatches(schemaType, node.const)
if (Object.hasOwn(node, 'const')) {
if (!constValid) {
violations.push(`${path}.const must be a ${schemaType} value`)
} else if (enumValid && !allowed.includes(node.const as JsonSchemaScalar)) {
violations.push(`${path}.const must be one of ${path}.enum when both are declared`)
}
}
break
}
/* v8 ignore next -- schemaType was narrowed from the closed SCHEMA_TYPES table above. */
default: assertNever(schemaType, 'JsonSchemaType')
}
} finally {
seen.delete(node)
}
}
/**
* Assert that an arbitrary raw schema uses only the enforced subset.
* Annotation-only schemas are accepted as the standard unconstrained-JSON
* form; callers that require an object root use {@link assertObjectJsonSchema}.
* @param schema - untrusted raw JSON Schema.
* @returns Assertion that the schema belongs to the supported subset.
*/
export function assertSupportedJsonSchema(schema: unknown): asserts schema is JsonSchemaNode {
const violations: string[] = []
checkSchemaNode(schema, 'schema', violations, new Set())
if (violations.length > 0) throw new JsonSchemaError(violations)
}
/**
* Assert the enforced subset plus the object-root constraint retained by
* subagent and workflow structured outputs.
* @param schema - untrusted caller-supplied schema.
* @returns Assertion that the schema belongs to the supported subset and has an object root.
*/
export function assertObjectJsonSchema(schema: unknown): asserts schema is ObjectJsonSchema {
const violations: string[] = []
checkSchemaNode(schema, 'schema', violations, new Set())
if (violations.length === 0 && (schema as JsonSchemaNode).type !== 'object') {
violations.push('schema.type must be "object" (structured output is object-rooted)')
}
if (violations.length > 0) throw new JsonSchemaError(violations)
}
/** Safely test the lossless JSON boundary when a getter may throw. */
function safelyIsJsonValue(value: unknown): boolean {
try {
return isJsonValue(value)
} catch {
return false
}
}
/** Root-aware diagnostic path for the parameter validator's empty sentinel. */
function diagnosticPath(path: string): string {
return path === '' ? 'arguments' : path
}
/** Append one object property without a leading dot at an implicit root. */
function propertyPath(path: string, key: string): string {
return path === '' ? key : `${path}.${key}`
}
/** Contain hostile getters/proxies so validation remains total for arbitrary values. */
function checkValue(node: JsonSchemaNode, value: unknown, path: string): string[] {
if (node.type !== undefined && !(SCHEMA_TYPES as readonly unknown[]).includes(node.type)) {
return checkValueUnchecked(node, value, path)
}
try {
return checkValueUnchecked(node, value, path)
} catch {
return [`"${diagnosticPath(path)}" must be a lossless JSON value`]
}
}
/** Collect value violations for one trusted schema node after the exception boundary. */
function checkValueUnchecked(node: JsonSchemaNode, value: unknown, path: string): string[] {
if (node.oneOf !== undefined) {
const matches = node.oneOf.filter(branch => checkValue(branch, value, path).length === 0).length
return matches === 1 ? [] : [`"${diagnosticPath(path)}" must match exactly one oneOf branch (matched ${matches})`]
}
if (node.type === undefined) {
return safelyIsJsonValue(value) ? [] : [`"${diagnosticPath(path)}" must be a lossless JSON value`]
}
switch (node.type) {
case 'object': {
if (!isPlainJsonRecord(value)) return [`"${diagnosticPath(path)}" must be an object`]
const violations: string[] = []
const properties = node.properties ?? {}
for (const key of node.required ?? []) {
if (!Object.hasOwn(value, key) || value[key] === undefined) violations.push(`missing required property "${propertyPath(path, key)}"`)
}
for (const [key, child] of Object.entries(properties)) {
if (!Object.hasOwn(value, key) || value[key] === undefined) continue
violations.push(...checkValue(child, value[key], propertyPath(path, key)))
}
if (node.additionalProperties === false) {
for (const key of Object.keys(value)) {
if (!Object.hasOwn(properties, key)) violations.push(`"${propertyPath(path, key)}" is not a declared property (additionalProperties: false)`)
}
}
if (violations.length > 0) return violations
return safelyIsJsonValue(value) ? [] : [`"${diagnosticPath(path)}" must be a lossless JSON object`]
}
case 'array': {
if (!Array.isArray(value) || Object.getPrototypeOf(value) !== Array.prototype) return [`"${diagnosticPath(path)}" must be an array`]
const items = node.items
const violations = items === undefined
? []
: value.flatMap((entry, index) => checkValue(items, entry, `${path}[${index}]`))
if (violations.length > 0) return violations
return safelyIsJsonValue(value) ? [] : [`"${diagnosticPath(path)}" must be a dense lossless JSON array`]
}
case 'string': {
if (typeof value !== 'string') return [`"${diagnosticPath(path)}" must be a string`]
break
}
case 'number': {
if (typeof value !== 'number') return [`"${diagnosticPath(path)}" must be a number`]
if (!isJsonNumber(value)) return [`"${diagnosticPath(path)}" must be a finite JSON number`]
break
}
case 'integer': {
if (!isJsonNumber(value) || !Number.isInteger(value)) return [`"${diagnosticPath(path)}" must be an integer`]
break
}
case 'boolean': {
if (typeof value !== 'boolean') return [`"${diagnosticPath(path)}" must be a boolean`]
break
}
case 'null': {
if (value !== null) return [`"${diagnosticPath(path)}" must be null`]
break
}
default: return assertNever(node.type, 'JsonSchemaType')
}
if (node.enum !== undefined && !node.enum.includes(value)) {
return [`"${diagnosticPath(path)}" must be one of ${JSON.stringify(node.enum)}`]
}
if (Object.hasOwn(node, 'const') && value !== node.const) {
return [`"${diagnosticPath(path)}" must be ${JSON.stringify(node.const)}`]
}
return []
}
/**
* Validate a candidate value against an asserted raw schema. The function is
* total for arbitrary values and returns path-qualified violations.
* @param schema - a schema accepted by {@link assertSupportedJsonSchema}.
* @param value - the candidate JSON value.
* @param path - root label used in diagnostics.
* @returns All violations in walk order; empty means valid.
*/
export function validateJsonSchemaValue(schema: JsonSchemaNode, value: unknown, path = 'value'): string[] {
return checkValue(schema, value, path)
}