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# Web 访问
[English](web.md) | 中文
Web 访问 seam 是一个[能力 seam](../../.agents/notes/implemented/architecture/2026-06-24-web-capability-seam.md),在同一个 `ctx.web` 服务上横跨**两项能力**(search 与 fetch),并拆分到多个包:接口([dsh-web](../../packages/web/web)`ctx.web` + 提供方注册表)、实现([dsh-web-search-exa](../../packages/web/web-search-exa)、[dsh-web-search-perplexity](../../packages/web/web-search-perplexity)、[dsh-web-search-deepseek](../../packages/web/web-search-deepseek)、[dsh-web-fetch-local](../../packages/web/web-fetch-local))与消费方([dsh-tool-web](../../packages/web/tool-web),即 `web_search`/`web_fetch` 工具 schema)。Web 是**一项可选能力**,不属于 agent loop 主干,因此其词汇定义在此而非 [core.md](core.md) 中。更换 search 提供方不会改变模型请求 query 的方式,更换 fetch 实现也不会改变模型请求 URL 的方式。
源码:[`packages/web/web/src/types.ts`](../../packages/web/web/src/types.ts)
## 为什么两项能力合为一个 seam
搜索与抓取既不共享请求 schema,也不共享业务逻辑,但它们被有意设计为同一个 `ctx.web` 中间层:一个提供方选择策略的所有者、一套 abort/error 词汇、一个面向产品的「此 harness 如何访问 Web」配置界面。代价是服务上并行的 `searchX`/`fetchX` 方法对;这种并行是有意为之,而非遗漏的提取。提供方注册的是**能力**(`WebSearchProvider``WebFetchProvider`),而非工具;面向模型的名称、schema、提示词引导与展示全部集中在唯一的消费方 `dsh-tool-web` 中。
## 搜索请求与结果
面向模型的工具参数仅为一个 `query``maxResults` 是消费方自有的上限(`dsh-tool-web``searchMaxResults` 配置,默认 `8`),通过 seam 传递并在返回时强制执行——如果提供方返回超量,seam 截断 `sources[]` 并设置 `truncated`
```ts type-equiv
/**
* What one search-capable backend can return. The model-facing argument is just
* a query; `maxResults` is a `dsh-tool-web`-layer bound passed through unchanged
* and enforced on the way back by the seam (see {@link WebSearchResult}).
*/
interface WebSearchRequest {
readonly query: string
/**
* Upper bound on returned sources; the seam truncates to it. Omitted = no
* bound. `dsh-tool-web` always sets it. A provider whose API supports a
* result-count control (Exa's `numResults`) should apply it at the request
* layer as a cost/latency optimization; the seam enforces the bound
* regardless.
*/
readonly maxResults?: number
}
```
```ts type-equiv
/**
* Normalized search outcome. `content` is optional provider-generated answer
* text or summary (Exa returns none; Perplexity returns a generated answer).
* `sources[]` is the portable citation surface. `truncated` is set by the seam
* when it cut `sources[]` down to `maxResults`.
*/
interface WebSearchResult {
/** Optional provider-generated answer text, search context, or summary. */
readonly content?: string
/** Citeable sources, already truncated to the request's `maxResults`. */
readonly sources: readonly WebSearchSource[]
/** True when the seam dropped sources to honor `maxResults`. */
readonly truncated: boolean
}
```
`content` 是提供方可选生成的回答文本(Exa 和 DeepSeek 不返回;Perplexity 返回生成式回答)。`sources[]` 是可移植的引用表面。一个 source 必有 `url``title`/`snippet`/`publishedAt` 可选,因为并非每个提供方都返回它们——Perplexity 的引用可能只有 URL,强迫适配器编造其余字段会让 seam 说谎。`dsh-tool-web` 渲染时使用 `title ?? hostname(url)`。
```ts type-equiv
/**
* One citeable source. A source always has a URL; `title`, `snippet`, and
* `publishedAt` are optional because not every provider returns them — forcing
* adapters to invent them would make the seam lie (Perplexity citations may be
* URL-only). `dsh-tool-web` renders `title ?? hostname(url)` for display.
*/
interface WebSearchSource {
readonly url: string
readonly title?: string
readonly snippet?: string
/** Publication/crawl timestamp as a provider-supplied ISO-8601 string. */
readonly publishedAt?: string
}
```
## 抓取请求与结果
```ts type-equiv
/**
* What one fetch-capable backend is asked to retrieve. The request deliberately
* omits timeout, format, prompt, and extraction controls: cancellation is a
* direct execution argument, while presentation and higher-level LLM concerns
* belong outside safe retrieval.
*/
interface WebFetchRequest {
readonly url: string
}
```
HTTP 状态码是被抓取资源状态的一部分,不自动视为失败:成功的网络抓取返回 `404`/`500` 时,仍产出一个带状态码和有界解码 body 的 `WebFetchResult`。`url` 是经过允许的重定向后的最终 URL。`WebError` 仅用于无法安全获取或表示资源的情况。
```ts type-equiv
/**
* Normalized fetch outcome. A successful network fetch of a non-2xx response is
* a result, not an error: the status code is part of the fetched resource
* state. {@link WebError} is reserved for failures to safely retrieve or
* represent the resource.
*/
interface WebFetchResult {
/** The final URL after allowed redirects (the request URL is in the request). */
readonly url: string
/** HTTP status code of the fetched response. */
readonly statusCode: number
/** Decoded body, classified by content kind. */
readonly body: WebFetchBody
/** True when the provider capped the decoded body. */
readonly truncated: boolean
}
```
`WebFetchBody` 是 `dsh-web` 拥有的**封闭**可辨识联合类型(不是可合并扩展的 map):提供方解码 kind,`dsh-tool-web` 渲染它,因此新增一个 kind 是已知包之间的协调变更,而非插件扩展。消费方对 `kind` 做 `switch` 并以 `default: assertNever(...)` 结尾,所以新增 kind 会在每个消费方处编译失败,直到被处理。即使各分支当前字段一致,每个分支仍保持独立的对象字面量,为将来分支特有字段留出空间(例如未来 `pdf` body 的 `pageCount`)。
```ts type-equiv
/**
* The decoded body of a fetched resource. A CLOSED discriminated union owned by
* `dsh-web`: the provider decodes the kind and `dsh-tool-web` renders it, so a
* new kind is a coordinated change across known packages, not a plugin
* extension. Consumers `switch` on `kind` ending in `default: assertNever(...)`
* so adding a kind breaks compilation at every consumer until handled. Each arm
* stays its own object literal even where fields coincide today, leaving room
* for arm-specific fields later (a `pdf` body's `pageCount`).
*/
type WebFetchBody =
| { readonly kind: 'html'; readonly content: string }
| { readonly kind: 'text'; readonly content: string }
```
## 提供方可用性
提供方的 `available(): boolean` 是一个廉价的本地检查(凭证是否存在、配置是否可解析),**禁止发起网络调用**。它是执行时选择的输入,而非健康检查系统:`search()`/`fetch()` 读取它以选出可用的提供方,选择失败以结构化的 `WebError` 呈现给调用方路由——其 code 和 message 携带可分支的细节(缺失的 id 或有歧义的候选集)。
选择从不依赖注册顺序、配置顺序或 HMR(热模块替换)顺序:一项能力要么有显式的提供方 id(配置 `searchProvider`/`fetchProvider`,或填充同一字段的对应环境变量),要么在恰好只有一个可用提供方注册时自动选择;多个可用提供方且未配置 id 时为 `WEB_PROVIDER_AMBIGUOUS`,而非先注册先赢。
## 错误
`WebError extends HarnessError`[core.md](core.md) 错误分类体系),带有 `code: string`(开放式,与其他 seam 的错误一致——`LlmError`、`SubagentError`),而非封闭联合类型:提供方可以在不修改 `dsh-web` 的情况下抛出自己的 code,消费方必须容忍未知 code。code 按所有者划分。seam 中立的 code 由 `WebService` 选择逻辑和共享契约抛出:`WEB_PROVIDER_UNAVAILABLE`、`WEB_PROVIDER_CONFIGURED_MISSING`、`WEB_PROVIDER_CONFIGURED_UNAVAILABLE`、`WEB_PROVIDER_AMBIGUOUS`、`WEB_DUPLICATE_PROVIDER`(注册时的编程错误,类似 `LlmService` 的 `DUPLICATE_ADAPTER`)、`WEB_ABORTED`,以及 `WEB_PROVIDER_ERROR`(提供方自身故障通过 seam 暴露的兜底 code,包括网络/传输失败——DNS、连接被拒、TLS)。抓取传输层 code 由 `dsh-web-fetch-local` 实现拥有,不同的抓取后端无需抛出它们:`WEB_INVALID_URL`、`WEB_BLOCKED_URL`、`WEB_REDIRECT_BLOCKED`、`WEB_FETCH_TOO_LARGE`、`WEB_FETCH_TIMEOUT`、`WEB_UNSUPPORTED_CONTENT_TYPE`。
## 服务
`WebService` 注册搜索与抓取提供方,以 `WEB_DUPLICATE_PROVIDER` 拒绝重复 id,并在执行时以结构化的选择错误解析提供方。本地抓取后端仅接受 HTTP(S)、拒绝凭证、限制重定向次数、字节数、字符数和时间、对每一跳同源重定向重新校验,并解码 body;展示由工具负责。私有网络阻断尚未实现,因此请勿在可触及敏感内部目标的环境中启用 `web_fetch`。