238 lines
15 KiB
Markdown
238 lines
15 KiB
Markdown
# 工具
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[English](tools.md) | 中文
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[dsh-tools](../../packages/core/tools) 的工具流水线。[core.md](core.md) 介绍了 `ToolDefinition`(唯一被提升到主干的流水线编写类型)和 `ToolSchema`(面向模型的协议格式(wire format)形状)。本页拥有完整的 `ToolDefinition`、用于构建它的类型化 schema DSL、受保护的执行形状,以及 UI 展示词汇。
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源码:[`packages/core/tools/src/index.ts`](../../packages/core/tools/src/index.ts) · [`packages/core/tools/src/schema.ts`](../../packages/core/tools/src/schema.ts) · [`packages/core/tools/src/presentation.ts`](../../packages/core/tools/src/presentation.ts)
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## `ToolDefinition` — 一个已注册的工具
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一个 `ToolSchema`(面向模型的字段)加上 `execute` 函数和可选的 UI 展示器。注册表持有这些定义;agent loop(智能体循环)通过它们分派调用。注册表的 `schemas()` 通过显式白名单构建面向模型的 `ToolSchema[]`——`execute`/`presentCall`/`presentResult` 绝不能泄漏到模型请求中。
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```ts type-equiv
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interface ToolDefinition extends ToolSchema {
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execute(args: unknown, exec: ToolExecution): Promise<ToolExecuteReturn>
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/**
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* Cooperative tool-call timeout budget in milliseconds. Omit for no deadline.
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* Enforced by `@deepseek-ai/dsh-timeout-policy` (a `tools/execute` wrapper); it
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* is NEVER sent to the model — `schemas()` whitelists only name/description/
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* parameters. Declaring it asserts this tool forwards `exec.signal` to a
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* cooperative implementation that can reach quiescence when the signal aborts.
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*/
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timeoutMs?: number
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/**
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* Optional: how to present the PENDING state of one call in a UI, derived from
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* the call's `args` (parsed arguments, `unknown` — the tool validates/narrows
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* its own input). Returns a {@link ToolCallView} (a `card`-tagged render intent),
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* or `undefined` (or omit the method) to fall back to a generic presentation
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* (title = tool name, raw args as input). Pure and side-effect-free: a UI may
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* call it during live streaming AND a session-log replay, so it must depend
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* only on `args`.
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*/
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presentCall?(args: unknown): ToolCallView | undefined
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/**
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* Optional: how to present the COMPLETED state, given the same `args` and the
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* `result` (`execute`'s content + whether it errored). Returns a
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* {@link ToolResultView}, or `undefined` (or omit the method) to keep the
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* pending title and render the raw result content. Pure and side-effect-free
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* for the same replay reason.
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*/
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presentResult?(args: unknown, result: ToolResult): ToolResultView | undefined
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}
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```
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`execute` 接收 `args: unknown`——原始的 `ToolDefinition` 自行校验输入。第一方工具不需要手写校验;它们使用 `defineTool`,由后者代为校验并收窄类型。
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## 类型化 schema DSL
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插件作者为每个属性编写带有布尔值 `required: true` 的规格,类型层面的辅助工具将规格映射为 `execute` 的参数类型——零类型断言。该 DSL 是*提供类型推导的机制*,作用于 `ToolDefinition`;它有意作为子页面细节,而非核心内容。
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源码:[`packages/core/tools/src/schema.ts`](../../packages/core/tools/src/schema.ts)
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```ts type-equiv
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interface SchemaProp {
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type: SchemaType
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/** Per-property required flag (NOT the JSON Schema top-level required array). */
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required?: true
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/** Human-readable description, surfaced in the JSON Schema as well. */
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description?: string
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/** Enum of allowed values (strings only). */
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enum?: string[]
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/** Default value. */
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default?: unknown
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/** Nested properties for type: 'object'. */
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properties?: SchemaSpec
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/** Items schema for type: 'array'. */
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items?: SchemaProp
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}
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```
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```ts type-equiv
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type SchemaSpec = Record<string, SchemaProp>
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```
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`SchemaType` 是原始联合类型 `'string' | 'number' | 'boolean' | 'object' | 'array'`。`InferArgs<S>` 将一个 `SchemaSpec` 映射为 TS 参数类型——`required: true` 的属性成为必选键,其余为真正的可选:
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```ts type-equiv
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type InferArgs<S extends SchemaSpec> = Simplify<
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& { [K in RequiredKeys<S>]: InferPropValue<S[K]> }
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& { [K in Exclude<keyof S, RequiredKeys<S>>]?: InferPropValue<S[K]> }
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>
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```
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`defineTool({ name, description, parameters, execute, … })` 将各部分串联:`parameters` 是一个 `SchemaSpec`,`execute(args, exec)` 获得 `args: InferArgs<typeof parameters>`,辅助函数将规格转换为 JSON Schema(`schemaSpecToJsonSchema`)用于协议传输,并在类型化函数体运行前校验模型生成的参数(`validateArgs`)。校验不通过时抛出 `ToolArgsError`(`code: 'INVALID_ARGS'`),注册表将其转为 `isError` 结果以便模型自行修正。为何用自定义 DSL 而非 schemastery:工具参数需要 JSON Schema(LLM(大语言模型)的协议格式),而非校验/转换——轻量 DSL 以最小的接口面积提供最佳的编写体验。
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注册是一个受信任的同进程契约。注册表以 readonly 输入借用类型化定义,仅校验语义要求(如 `timeoutMs` 必须为正有限值);`schemas()` 在模型边界处物化显式的面向模型投影,使执行和展示共享同一份已解析定义,而不会将回调泄漏到协议上。
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## `ToolRestriction` — 单个作用域的实时全局过滤器
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`ToolRestriction` 仅作用于实时的部署全局工具层。注册表将 readonly 名称编译为私有集合,对多个限制取交集,再叠加作用域本地工具。仅 deny 的过滤器允许后续未列出的全局工具通过,而 allow 列表则排除它们。
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```ts type-equiv
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interface ToolRestriction {
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readonly allow?: readonly string[]
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readonly deny?: readonly string[]
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}
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```
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## 执行:可扩展的 waterfall(瀑布式事件)加单调策略
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`ctx.tools.execute()` 接收调用方拥有的 `ToolExecutionInput`,将其解析后的 JSON 参数一次性物化为流水线拥有的 `ToolExecution`,然后依次通过 `tools/pre-execute`(可重排的 allow/deny/ask waterfall)→ 已注册的单调 guard → `tools/execute`(around-dispatch 包装层)→ `tools/post-execute`(检查/替换结果)→ `tools/result`(不可变的权威结果)。最终产出为 `ToolExecutionResult`。
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```ts type-equiv
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type ToolExecutionToken = symbol & { readonly [toolExecutionTokenBrand]: true }
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```
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```ts type-equiv
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interface ToolExecutionInput {
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readonly callId: CallId
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readonly name: string
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/** Parsed JSON arguments (unknown — tools validate their own input). */
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readonly arguments: unknown
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/** The agent on whose behalf the call runs (set by the agent loop). */
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readonly agent?: Agent
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/**
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* Opaque token of the enclosing transport execution, when one exists. Code
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* Mode sets this on SDK sub-dispatches so commit-style observers can wait for
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* the outer `run_code` outcome without receiving its live mutable execution.
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*/
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readonly parent?: ToolExecutionToken
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signal?: AbortSignal
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}
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```
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```ts type-equiv
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interface ToolExecution extends ToolExecutionInput {
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/** Registry-assigned identity shared with nested calls only as their opaque `parent` token. */
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readonly token: ToolExecutionToken
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}
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```
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`ToolExecutionToken` 是一个不透明的运行时 `Symbol`,仅用于身份比较。在策略执行之前,`execute()` 物化并冻结参数、拒绝非 JSON 输入、分配 token。身份字段和可选的 parent token 保持 readonly;只有 `signal` 可以在分派前后变化。最终观察者接收到的是冻结的执行身份。
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`ToolGuard` 是感知作用域的最终预分派策略。其形状有意不包含 allow 结果:`undefined` 保留 waterfall 的决策,而返回的 reason 只能缩减权限,因此后续监听器无法撤销它。
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```ts type-equiv
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type ToolGuard = (execution: Readonly<ToolExecution>) => string | undefined
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```
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```ts type-equiv
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interface ToolExecutionResult {
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content: ContentBlock[]
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isError: boolean
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/**
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* Set when the call failed with a {@link HarnessError}: machine-routable
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* `{ name, code }` for retry/sandbox plugins and replay. The model-facing
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* text in `content` is always present; this is extra structure for code.
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*/
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error?: ToolErrorInfo
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/**
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* Extra model-facing context a `tools/post-execute` listener attached for the
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* NEXT request (Claude Code's PostToolUse `additionalContext`). It is NOT part
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* of this call's `content` — `content`/`feedback` shape the tool RESULT, but
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* `additionalContext` is a SEPARATE `context/message`. A step can carry
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* multiple tool calls, so the loop BUFFERS every call's `additionalContext`
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* and appends them only AFTER all `tool/result`s for the step, keeping
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* tool-call/result adjacency intact. Carried on the result purely to ferry it
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* from `execute()` up to the loop's per-step buffer.
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*/
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additionalContext?: HookContext
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/**
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* The tool-private presentation payload from a successful `execute` (the object
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* return form). Threaded onto the `tool/result` session event and back into
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* {@link ToolResult} for `presentResult`. Opaque (`unknown`); absent when the
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* tool attached none or the call failed.
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*/
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meta?: unknown
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}
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```
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结果仅承载产出。调用身份保留在不可变的 `ToolExecution` 上,后者伴随结果经过每个钩子,并出现在持久化的 `tool/call` / `tool/result` 会话事件上,因此包装层无法创建第二个相互矛盾的身份。
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注册表在 `tools/result` 之前立即物化并冻结最终接受的结果。其内容、结构化错误、附加上下文和展示元数据必须通过 JSON 无损往返;无效的产出会被转为 JSON 安全的 `isError` 结果,从而保证被观察到的实时产出对后续持久化的 `tool/result` 追加是安全的。
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每个拦截 waterfall 返回一个类型化的 **Decision**(与 `agent/*` seam 共享的惯用模式)。`tools/pre-execute` 监听器接收 `(exec, next)` 并返回 `PreToolDecision`;`tools/execute` 包装层返回 `ToolExecutionResult`;`tools/post-execute` 监听器接收 `(exec, result, next)` 并返回 `PostToolDecision`:
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```ts type-equiv
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type PreToolDecision =
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| { kind: 'allow' }
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| { kind: 'deny'; reason: string }
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| { kind: 'ask'; reason?: string }
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```
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```ts type-equiv
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type PostToolDecision =
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| { kind: 'accept'; content?: ContentBlock[]; additionalContext?: HookContext }
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| { kind: 'block'; feedback: ContentBlock[]; additionalContext?: HookContext }
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```
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调用 `next()` 获取默认决策,或直接返回一个决策以短路。前置策略可以 deny 或 ask;只有 `allowed-once` 才继续执行,而未授权、缺少审批通道或服务、或无 agent 的请求都会变为拒绝。Guard 仍可施加最终拒绝。参数不可被改写,因为历史记录、审计、UI 和执行必须保持一致。
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后置策略可以替换内容;block 会变为包含纠正反馈的 `isError` 结果。`tools/result` 在归一化后接收冻结的执行和结果;观察者无法对其进行变换,观察者的失败也会被隔离。未知工具和抛出异常的工具都会变为结构化错误(`ToolNotFoundError` 映射为 `UNKNOWN_TOOL`),调用失败但不终止当前轮次。
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## 结构化输出 schema 子集
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调用方用来向 subagent 要求机器可读结果的词汇(`SubagentStartRequest.outputSchema`,见 [subagent.md](subagent.md#the-start-request)),或工作流 `agent()` 调用使用的词汇。它有意不是完整的 JSON Schema:schema 原样传给模型作为强制工具的 `parameters`,产出的值由 `validateStructuredValue` 在客户端校验——因此每个被接受的关键字都必须是校验器实际执行的,`assertSupportedOutputSchema` 会大声拒绝其他任何内容(`OutputSchemaError`,列出所有违规项)。两个遍历器仅推理自有可枚举属性(JSON 不携带其他内容),并拒绝会有损序列化的非纯对象(`Date`、`Map`)。
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```ts type-equiv
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type StructuredScalar = string | number | boolean | null
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```
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```ts type-equiv
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type StructuredSchemaType = 'object' | 'array' | 'string' | 'number' | 'integer' | 'boolean' | 'null'
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```
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```ts type-equiv
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interface StructuredSchemaNode {
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type: StructuredSchemaType
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properties?: Record<string, StructuredSchemaNode>
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required?: string[]
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additionalProperties?: boolean
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items?: StructuredSchemaNode
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enum?: StructuredScalar[]
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const?: StructuredScalar
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description?: string
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title?: string
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default?: unknown
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examples?: unknown
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}
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```
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schema 是一个以 object 为根的节点(`enum`/`const` 仅限标量;`description`/`title`/`default`/`examples` 是注解,允许但忽略,但仍要求为 JSON 数据——它们随协议传输):
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```ts type-equiv
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type StructuredOutputSchema = StructuredSchemaNode & { type: 'object' }
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```
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## 工具展示 UI 词汇
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工具希望其调用在 UI 中如何呈现(编辑器工具调用卡片、CLI 日志行),提供方无关,使工具在不依赖任何客户端协议的情况下描述自身。`presentCall`/`presentResult` 返回一个 **`card` 标签的渲染意图**——一个可辨识联合类型,UI 桥接层据此分发:
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- `ToolCallView`(待执行):`{ card: 'generic', title, kind?, rawInput?, content?, locations? }`(默认卡片;`locations` 是 `{ path, line? }[]`,表示调用读取/修改的文件,供编辑器跟随)、`{ card: 'terminal', title, description?, cwd? }`(shell 命令→终端卡片)、或 `{ card: 'diff', title, diffs, locations? }`(文件创建/修改→行内 diff 卡片;`diffs` 是 `{ path, oldText, newText }[]`,新文件时 `oldText: null`)。
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- `ToolResultView`(已完成):`{ card: 'generic', title?, content? }`、`{ card: 'terminal', title?, output?, exitCode?, signal? }`(捕获的运行输出 + 退出状态;有能力的 UI 显示退出状态标签,无能力的 UI 获得桥接层从 `output` 派生的围栏 ` ```console ` 回退)、或 `{ card: 'diff', title?, diffs }`(已完成的文件变更→要展示的变更,通常是从变更前后内容计算出带上下文行的已应用 hunk,或在没有前像时的整文件 diff——例如文件创建。`tool_call_update` 的内容会替换调用的内容,因此变更工具即使与调用时的片段重复也要返回此卡片,以防结果文本覆盖 diff)。
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`ToolCallKind`(`'read' | 'edit' | 'delete' | 'move' | 'search' | 'execute' | 'fetch' | 'other'`)为 generic 卡片选择图标。`FileLocation`(`{ path, line? }`)和 `FileDiff`(`{ path, oldText, newText }`)是共享的文件卡片词汇。该设计固定在[渲染意图联合类型 RFC](../rfc/implemented/architecture/2026-07-02-tool-render-intent-union.md) 中;ACP 桥接层将 `diff` 卡片映射为 `{ type: 'diff' }` 内容块,将 `terminal` 卡片映射为 `_meta` 终端约定,并将文件卡片的标题相对于会话 cwd 做相对化处理。
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完整的展示字段文档见 [`packages/core/tools/src/presentation.ts`](../../packages/core/tools/src/presentation.ts)。bash 工具自身的 schema(`bash`/`bash_output`/`bash_kill`)及其驱动的执行器见 [bash.md](bash.md)。
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