* Delete unused clearNVS() (last used in commit 761804b1).
* virtual methods: add 'override' to ensure we get the signature right.
This is a safety net for pioarduino/NimBLE work where there's multiple
similar variants of the same method (eg. onConnect) and it's easy to get
the wrong one and accidentally miss a callback.
* PhoneAPI: add missing tak_tag case + skip reserved gap in module-config iteration
The STATE_SEND_MODULECONFIG state machine iterates config_state through
ModuleConfigType enum values (1..MAX+1 = 16) and switches on
meshtastic_ModuleConfig_*_tag values. Two of the resulting tag values
land in the default / LOG_ERROR path:
1. `tak_tag` (16) — the meshtastic_ModuleConfig_TAKConfig struct exists
in the protobuf and has a `.tak` member in payload_variant, but no
PhoneAPI case ever sends it to the phone. As a result, Android
clients can't read the persisted TAK (Team Awareness Kit) module
config at all. Added case that sends moduleConfig.tak, matching the
pattern used for all other module-config tags (paxcounter,
traffic_management, etc.). NodeDB already persists the struct via
the moduleConfig protobuf save; this just wires the read path to
the phone.
2. Tag 14 — reserved gap in the oneof numbering. No payload_variant
member exists at tag 14. Without this patch, every phone reconnect
walks through config_state=14 and hits
`LOG_ERROR("Unknown module config type %d", config_state)`. On an
active deployment that's ~1,400 LOG_ERROR lines per day per node —
burying real errors. Added explicit `case 14: break;` so the gap
is silently skipped.
Also: lowered the `default:` log level from LOG_ERROR to LOG_DEBUG. A
truly-new unknown type number would indicate firmware lagging the
protobuf — annoying but not an error event worth LOG_ERROR, especially
since this path runs on every phone handshake. If a new ModuleConfig
tag appears, devs will notice via the phone UI missing it, not via log.
Observed on a Station G2 fleet: 1403 "Unknown module config type 16"
and 1427 "Unknown module config type 14" LOG_ERROR lines in 24 hours
from routine phone reconnects.
* Get rid of the placeholder
---------
Co-authored-by: Ben Meadors <benmmeadors@gmail.com>
The "Invalid protobufs (bad psk?)" and "Invalid portnum (bad psk?)"
messages fire every time a neighbor transmits on a channel whose
8-bit hash matches one of ours but the PSK differs. In RF environments
with multiple mesh groups nearby this is routine — a single device
can see dozens of these per minute from SAR/MeshCA/private networks
sharing a hash collision.
LOG_ERROR for a benign "not our PSK" event:
- spams the log when you have any neighboring mesh group
- makes a genuine PSK misconfiguration on YOUR own channel
indistinguishable from the constant cross-channel noise
- hides actual errors in the stream
LOG_DEBUG matches how similar decryption-failure paths are handled
elsewhere (eg. the PKC "decrypt attempted but failed" uses LOG_WARN).
Dropping the trailing "!" as well — these are expected events, not
exceptional ones.
The constructor sets `RadioLibInterface::instance = this` immediately,
before `init()` runs. `initLoRa()` in RadioInterface.cpp creates each
radio variant with `new SX1262Interface(...)` or similar, then calls
`init()`, and if init fails the `unique_ptr<RadioInterface>` is reset
to nullptr — destroying the object — while the static `instance`
pointer continues to point at the freed memory.
Main loop then checks `RadioLibInterface::instance != nullptr` and
calls `pollMissedIrqs()` or `resetAGC()` on the dangling pointer →
Guru Meditation (IllegalInstruction / LoadProhibited).
Reported in #9880 on an ESP32-S3 dev board without radio hardware
attached, where init always fails and the leftover pointer crashes
the device on the next `loop()` iteration.
Fix: add a virtual destructor to `RadioLibInterface` that clears the
static pointer iff it still references this object. A later successful
init() may have replaced `instance` with a different interface — the
`instance == this` guard preserves that case.
Fixes#9880
Co-authored-by: Ben Meadors <benmmeadors@gmail.com>
`memcpy(... p.payload.bytes, meshtastic_Constants_DATA_PAYLOAD_LEN)`
reads past the actual payload when the incoming packet's payload is
shorter than `DATA_PAYLOAD_LEN` (237 bytes). The code just above
already records the correct size:
this->packetHistory[...].payload_size = p.payload.size;
but then the memcpy ignores that and copies the full buffer capacity,
pulling uninitialized / adjacent memory bytes into the history entry.
Those extra bytes are later rebroadcast whenever the Store & Forward
module replays the packet.
Fix: memcpy using `p.payload.size` (the actual payload length) instead
of the constant buffer capacity.
Classification: bounded out-of-bounds READ into the protobuf scratch
buffer. Not directly exploitable for RCE (the destination buffer is
also DATA_PAYLOAD_LEN), but leaks adjacent memory into replayed
packets and is a latent correctness bug.
The T-Deck-Pro V1.1 PR (#9378) had a backwards merge (e7b66281) that pulled
236 commits of master INTO a 1-commit fork branch, then a second merge
(8fd0a7f2) duplicated the entire T_DECK/T_DECK_PRO/T_LORA_PAGER/HACKADAY
peripheral init block in setup(). Also removes a stray
digitalWrite(BLE_LED, LED_STATE_OFF) in the HACKADAY section that was an
artifact of the evil merge at e7b66281.
* niche: add InkHUD port for LilyGo T5-E-Paper-S3-Pro (ED047TC1)
Add a NicheGraphics EInk driver adapter for the 4.7" ED047TC1 parallel
e-paper display used on the T5-E-Paper-S3-Pro (H752-01). The driver
wraps FastEPD and handles the polarity difference between InkHUD's
buffer format (0xFF = white) and FastEPD's (0x00 = white).
Rewrite variants/esp32s3/t5s3_epaper/nicheGraphics.h which was an
incomplete copy of the Heltec VM-E290 setup referencing undefined SPI
pin macros and a non-existent BUTTON_PIN_SECONDARY. The board uses a
parallel display, not the small SPI DEPG0290BNS800 that was referenced.
* fix: guard inputBroker null dereference in TouchScreenImpl1::init()
When MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_INPUTBROKER is defined (e.g. InkHUD builds),
inputBroker is nullptr. Calling inputBroker->registerSource() in that
state caused a LoadProhibited panic on any board that has both
HAS_TOUCHSCREEN=1 and the InputBroker excluded.
Add a null check before registerSource() to prevent the crash.
* niche: fix display rotation for T5-E-Paper-S3-Pro InkHUD port
Set rotation=3 (270° CW) in nicheGraphics.h to correct for FastEPD
scanning the ED047TC1 panel in portrait orientation, resulting in
correct landscape display output.
* fix: update buffer format descriptions and remove polarity inversion for InkHUD and FastEPD
* fix: update ED047TC1 driver to handle inactive pixel borders and adjust safe-area dimensions
* fix: comment out ruler diagnostic for E-Ink driver
* feat: implement TouchInkHUDBridge for direct touch event handling in InkHUD
* niche: add FreeSans 18pt/24pt Win1253 (Greek) fonts for larger InkHUD displays
Add Win1253-encoded FreeSans 18pt and 24pt font headers to support Greek
script on larger InkHUD screens (e.g., the 4.7" ED047TC1 at ~234 DPI).
Register FREESANS_24PT_WIN1253 and FREESANS_18PT_WIN1253 macros in AppletFont.h.
Set fontLarge=24pt, fontMedium=18pt, fontSmall=12pt in nicheGraphics.h for the
T5-E-Paper-S3-Pro.
* feat(ed047tc1): use true partial update for FAST refresh
Replace fullUpdate(CLEAR_FAST) with partialUpdate() for FAST display
updates. FastEPD's partialUpdate() diffs pCurrent against pPrevious
and only applies the update waveform to rows that have changed, leaving
unchanged rows with a neutral signal.
This reduces visible flicker on routine updates (new messages, position
changes) — only the affected region of the screen refreshes. Full-screen
CLEAR_SLOW updates are preserved for periodic ghosting cleanup, driven
by InkHUD's setDisplayResilience() ratio.
* feat(t5s3-epaper): enable frontlight via LatchingBacklight
Wire up BOARD_BL_EN (GPIO11) to InkHUD's LatchingBacklight driver.
Enable the backlight menu item so users can toggle "Keep Backlight On"
via Settings. The backlight turns on automatically when the menu opens
and off when it closes.
* Fix RTC chip (PCF8563 not PCF85063) and GT911 I2C address collision
- variant.h used PCF85063_RTC but the board has a PCF8563. The difference
is the RAM register: PCF85063 has 1 byte of RAM; PCF8563 does not. The
PCF85063 driver was trying to write this register on init, failing every
time, and setDateTime writes were silently discarded — RTC time was
never persisted across reboots. Switch to PCF8563_RTC/PCF8563_INT.
Before:
[E][SensorPCF85063.hpp:375] initImpl(): Failed to write to RAM memory
register. Maybe this chip is pcf8563.
Read RTC time from PCF85063 getDateTime as 2026-04-05 00:00:23
PCF85063 setDateTime 2026-04-05 18:40:59
Read RTC time from PCF85063 getDateTime as 2026-04-05 00:00:19 ← lost
After:
PCF8563 found at address 0x51
Read RTC time from PCF8563 getDateTime as 2026-04-05 18:58:37 ← persisted
PCF8563 setDateTime 2026-04-05 18:58:44
Read RTC time from PCF8563 getDateTime as 2026-04-05 18:58:44 ← round-trips
- GT911 touch was initialized with GT911_SLAVE_ADDRESS_L (0x5D), which
collides with the SFA30 air quality sensor also at 0x5D on the same
I2C bus. Switch to GT911_SLAVE_ADDRESS_H (0x14): the library drives
INT high during reset to program the GT911 to address 0x14,
eliminating the address conflict.
Before:
SFA30 found at address 0x5d
[I][TouchDrvGT911.hpp:568] initImpl(): Try using 0x5D as the device address
After:
SFA30 found at address 0x5d
[I][TouchDrvGT911.hpp:544] initImpl(): Try using 0x14 as the device address
* t5s3_epaper: fix GT911 ghost-SFA30 via early I2C address latch
Investigation findings
----------------------
Boot logs showed "SFA30 found at address 0x5d" on every cold power-on,
and AirQualityTelemetry was registering an SFA30 sensor. However, every
readMeasuredValues() call returned error 268 (0x010C = Sensirion
WriteError | I2cAddressNack), meaning the I2C write to 0x5D was being
NACK'd — inconsistent with a real SFA30.
Root cause: the GT911 touch controller latches its I2C address from the
INT pin level at reset time (GT911 datasheet §4.3). GPIO3 (INT) defaults
LOW on ESP32-S3 cold boot → GT911 always powers up at 0x5D
(SLAVE_ADDRESS_L). The I2C scanner runs before lateInitVariant() had a
chance to reprogram the chip.
The scanner's SFA30 detection (ScanI2CTwoWire.cpp) sends the 2-byte
command 0xD060 to 0x5D and requests 48 bytes back. GT911 ACKs the
write (treating it as a register address) and returns 48 bytes of
register data, passing the length check — a false-positive SFA30
detection.
Confirmed via second cold-boot log: after the previous commit moved GT911
to 0x14 in lateInitVariant(), address 0x5D *still* appeared in the scan
because the scanner runs first. The board has no physical SFA30 fitted.
Fix
---
Add the GT911 address-latch reset sequence to earlyInitVariant(), before
Wire is initialised and before the I2C scan runs. Per the datasheet:
drive RST LOW, drive INT HIGH (selects address 0x14 / SLAVE_ADDRESS_H),
hold >100 µs, release RST, wait >5 ms startup. GPIO-only, no Wire
dependency. lateInitVariant() then repeats this sequence internally via
touch.begin(); the double-reset is harmless.
Verified in boot log:
Before: "SFA30 found at address 0x5d", 5 I2C devices, NACK errors
After: no SFA30 entry, 4 I2C devices (TCA9535/PCF8563/BQ27220/BQ25896),
GT911 found at 0x14 and touch initialised successfully,
AirQualityTelemetry registers no sensors (correct — no SFA30 present)
* t5s3_epaper: add variant_shutdown() for touch sleep and backlight off
Put GT911 into low-power standby (command 0x05) and drive BOARD_BL_EN
LOW before deep sleep to avoid unnecessary current draw.
* t5s3_epaper: fix touch gesture routing and coordinate mapping
readTouch() now transforms raw GT911 axes to visual-frame coordinates
based on the current display rotation (rotation=3 is the hardware
identity). This ensures TouchScreenBase detects swipe direction
correctly regardless of which rotation the user has selected.
TouchInkHUDBridge dynamically sets joystick.alignment = (4-rotation)%4
on each touch event so that (rotation+alignment)%4==0 always, keeping
nav calls pass-through without remapping.
nicheGraphics.h now calls loadSettings() first so that rotation is
persisted across reboots. rotation=3 and other first-boot defaults are
only applied when tips.firstBoot is set. alignment is recomputed from
the loaded rotation on every boot.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
* t5s3_epaper: fix GT911 sleep timing via notifyDeepSleep observer
touch.sleep() was called from variant_shutdown(), which runs inside
cpuDeepSleep() — after Wire.end() had already torn down the I2C bus in
doDeepSleep(). This caused Wire NULL TX buffer errors and left the GT911
awake during deep sleep.
Register a CallbackObserver on notifyDeepSleep, which fires before
Wire.end(), so the I2C command reaches the chip while the bus is live.
Pattern matches LatchingBacklight and other NicheGraphics components.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
* t5s3_epaper: fix touch nav and applet defaults in nicheGraphics
Enable joystick mode post-begin so menu scroll and swipe-up/down
gestures are not silently dropped by the joystick.enabled gate in
Events.cpp. Activate DMs and Channel 0/1 applets with correct
autoshow defaults matching the mini-epaper-s3 reference pattern.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
* Update nicheGraphics.h
* t5s3_epaper: fix ED047TC1 driver docs and remove spurious beginPolling
Addressing PR review comments:
Remove beginPolling(1, 0) after the blocking FastEPD update — it
incorrectly set updateRunning=true for one loop cycle after the
hardware was already done, causing busy() to briefly return true.
Since isUpdateDone() always returns true, no polling is needed.
Also fix stale comments: safe-area buffer size was 944×532, now
944×523; V_OFFSET_ROWS didn't exist, replaced with the actual
V_OFFSET_TOP=9 / V_OFFSET_BOTTOM=8 constant names.
* t5s3_epaper: clean up applet addition formatting in setupNicheGraphics
* t5s3_epaper: guard ED047TC1.cpp against non-T5S3 InkHUD builds
The InkHUD base config pulls in all of src/graphics/niche/ so every
InkHUD device compiled ED047TC1.cpp, triggering the #error on line 48
for boards that define neither T5_S3_EPAPER_PRO_V1 nor V2.
Wrap the file body with #ifdef T5_S3_EPAPER_PRO so it is only compiled
for T5S3 targets. The #error is preserved inside the guard to catch
future hardware revisions that forget to update the driver.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---------
Co-authored-by: Claude Sonnet 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Co-authored-by: HarukiToreda <116696711+HarukiToreda@users.noreply.github.com>
* niche: add InkHUD port for LilyGo T5-E-Paper-S3-Pro (ED047TC1)
Add a NicheGraphics EInk driver adapter for the 4.7" ED047TC1 parallel
e-paper display used on the T5-E-Paper-S3-Pro (H752-01). The driver
wraps FastEPD and handles the polarity difference between InkHUD's
buffer format (0xFF = white) and FastEPD's (0x00 = white).
Rewrite variants/esp32s3/t5s3_epaper/nicheGraphics.h which was an
incomplete copy of the Heltec VM-E290 setup referencing undefined SPI
pin macros and a non-existent BUTTON_PIN_SECONDARY. The board uses a
parallel display, not the small SPI DEPG0290BNS800 that was referenced.
* fix: guard inputBroker null dereference in TouchScreenImpl1::init()
When MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_INPUTBROKER is defined (e.g. InkHUD builds),
inputBroker is nullptr. Calling inputBroker->registerSource() in that
state caused a LoadProhibited panic on any board that has both
HAS_TOUCHSCREEN=1 and the InputBroker excluded.
Add a null check before registerSource() to prevent the crash.
* niche: fix display rotation for T5-E-Paper-S3-Pro InkHUD port
Set rotation=3 (270° CW) in nicheGraphics.h to correct for FastEPD
scanning the ED047TC1 panel in portrait orientation, resulting in
correct landscape display output.
* fix: update buffer format descriptions and remove polarity inversion for InkHUD and FastEPD
* fix: update ED047TC1 driver to handle inactive pixel borders and adjust safe-area dimensions
* fix: comment out ruler diagnostic for E-Ink driver
* feat: implement TouchInkHUDBridge for direct touch event handling in InkHUD
* niche: add FreeSans 18pt/24pt Win1253 (Greek) fonts for larger InkHUD displays
Add Win1253-encoded FreeSans 18pt and 24pt font headers to support Greek
script on larger InkHUD screens (e.g., the 4.7" ED047TC1 at ~234 DPI).
Register FREESANS_24PT_WIN1253 and FREESANS_18PT_WIN1253 macros in AppletFont.h.
Set fontLarge=24pt, fontMedium=18pt, fontSmall=12pt in nicheGraphics.h for the
T5-E-Paper-S3-Pro.
* feat(ed047tc1): use true partial update for FAST refresh
Replace fullUpdate(CLEAR_FAST) with partialUpdate() for FAST display
updates. FastEPD's partialUpdate() diffs pCurrent against pPrevious
and only applies the update waveform to rows that have changed, leaving
unchanged rows with a neutral signal.
This reduces visible flicker on routine updates (new messages, position
changes) — only the affected region of the screen refreshes. Full-screen
CLEAR_SLOW updates are preserved for periodic ghosting cleanup, driven
by InkHUD's setDisplayResilience() ratio.
* feat(t5s3-epaper): enable frontlight via LatchingBacklight
Wire up BOARD_BL_EN (GPIO11) to InkHUD's LatchingBacklight driver.
Enable the backlight menu item so users can toggle "Keep Backlight On"
via Settings. The backlight turns on automatically when the menu opens
and off when it closes.
* Fix RTC chip (PCF8563 not PCF85063) and GT911 I2C address collision
- variant.h used PCF85063_RTC but the board has a PCF8563. The difference
is the RAM register: PCF85063 has 1 byte of RAM; PCF8563 does not. The
PCF85063 driver was trying to write this register on init, failing every
time, and setDateTime writes were silently discarded — RTC time was
never persisted across reboots. Switch to PCF8563_RTC/PCF8563_INT.
Before:
[E][SensorPCF85063.hpp:375] initImpl(): Failed to write to RAM memory
register. Maybe this chip is pcf8563.
Read RTC time from PCF85063 getDateTime as 2026-04-05 00:00:23
PCF85063 setDateTime 2026-04-05 18:40:59
Read RTC time from PCF85063 getDateTime as 2026-04-05 00:00:19 ← lost
After:
PCF8563 found at address 0x51
Read RTC time from PCF8563 getDateTime as 2026-04-05 18:58:37 ← persisted
PCF8563 setDateTime 2026-04-05 18:58:44
Read RTC time from PCF8563 getDateTime as 2026-04-05 18:58:44 ← round-trips
- GT911 touch was initialized with GT911_SLAVE_ADDRESS_L (0x5D), which
collides with the SFA30 air quality sensor also at 0x5D on the same
I2C bus. Switch to GT911_SLAVE_ADDRESS_H (0x14): the library drives
INT high during reset to program the GT911 to address 0x14,
eliminating the address conflict.
Before:
SFA30 found at address 0x5d
[I][TouchDrvGT911.hpp:568] initImpl(): Try using 0x5D as the device address
After:
SFA30 found at address 0x5d
[I][TouchDrvGT911.hpp:544] initImpl(): Try using 0x14 as the device address
* t5s3_epaper: fix GT911 ghost-SFA30 via early I2C address latch
Investigation findings
----------------------
Boot logs showed "SFA30 found at address 0x5d" on every cold power-on,
and AirQualityTelemetry was registering an SFA30 sensor. However, every
readMeasuredValues() call returned error 268 (0x010C = Sensirion
WriteError | I2cAddressNack), meaning the I2C write to 0x5D was being
NACK'd — inconsistent with a real SFA30.
Root cause: the GT911 touch controller latches its I2C address from the
INT pin level at reset time (GT911 datasheet §4.3). GPIO3 (INT) defaults
LOW on ESP32-S3 cold boot → GT911 always powers up at 0x5D
(SLAVE_ADDRESS_L). The I2C scanner runs before lateInitVariant() had a
chance to reprogram the chip.
The scanner's SFA30 detection (ScanI2CTwoWire.cpp) sends the 2-byte
command 0xD060 to 0x5D and requests 48 bytes back. GT911 ACKs the
write (treating it as a register address) and returns 48 bytes of
register data, passing the length check — a false-positive SFA30
detection.
Confirmed via second cold-boot log: after the previous commit moved GT911
to 0x14 in lateInitVariant(), address 0x5D *still* appeared in the scan
because the scanner runs first. The board has no physical SFA30 fitted.
Fix
---
Add the GT911 address-latch reset sequence to earlyInitVariant(), before
Wire is initialised and before the I2C scan runs. Per the datasheet:
drive RST LOW, drive INT HIGH (selects address 0x14 / SLAVE_ADDRESS_H),
hold >100 µs, release RST, wait >5 ms startup. GPIO-only, no Wire
dependency. lateInitVariant() then repeats this sequence internally via
touch.begin(); the double-reset is harmless.
Verified in boot log:
Before: "SFA30 found at address 0x5d", 5 I2C devices, NACK errors
After: no SFA30 entry, 4 I2C devices (TCA9535/PCF8563/BQ27220/BQ25896),
GT911 found at 0x14 and touch initialised successfully,
AirQualityTelemetry registers no sensors (correct — no SFA30 present)
* t5s3_epaper: add variant_shutdown() for touch sleep and backlight off
Put GT911 into low-power standby (command 0x05) and drive BOARD_BL_EN
LOW before deep sleep to avoid unnecessary current draw.
* t5s3_epaper: fix touch gesture routing and coordinate mapping
readTouch() now transforms raw GT911 axes to visual-frame coordinates
based on the current display rotation (rotation=3 is the hardware
identity). This ensures TouchScreenBase detects swipe direction
correctly regardless of which rotation the user has selected.
TouchInkHUDBridge dynamically sets joystick.alignment = (4-rotation)%4
on each touch event so that (rotation+alignment)%4==0 always, keeping
nav calls pass-through without remapping.
nicheGraphics.h now calls loadSettings() first so that rotation is
persisted across reboots. rotation=3 and other first-boot defaults are
only applied when tips.firstBoot is set. alignment is recomputed from
the loaded rotation on every boot.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
* t5s3_epaper: fix GT911 sleep timing via notifyDeepSleep observer
touch.sleep() was called from variant_shutdown(), which runs inside
cpuDeepSleep() — after Wire.end() had already torn down the I2C bus in
doDeepSleep(). This caused Wire NULL TX buffer errors and left the GT911
awake during deep sleep.
Register a CallbackObserver on notifyDeepSleep, which fires before
Wire.end(), so the I2C command reaches the chip while the bus is live.
Pattern matches LatchingBacklight and other NicheGraphics components.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
* t5s3_epaper: fix touch nav and applet defaults in nicheGraphics
Enable joystick mode post-begin so menu scroll and swipe-up/down
gestures are not silently dropped by the joystick.enabled gate in
Events.cpp. Activate DMs and Channel 0/1 applets with correct
autoshow defaults matching the mini-epaper-s3 reference pattern.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
* Update nicheGraphics.h
* t5s3_epaper: fix ED047TC1 driver docs and remove spurious beginPolling
Addressing PR review comments:
Remove beginPolling(1, 0) after the blocking FastEPD update — it
incorrectly set updateRunning=true for one loop cycle after the
hardware was already done, causing busy() to briefly return true.
Since isUpdateDone() always returns true, no polling is needed.
Also fix stale comments: safe-area buffer size was 944×532, now
944×523; V_OFFSET_ROWS didn't exist, replaced with the actual
V_OFFSET_TOP=9 / V_OFFSET_BOTTOM=8 constant names.
* t5s3_epaper: clean up applet addition formatting in setupNicheGraphics
* t5s3_epaper: guard ED047TC1.cpp against non-T5S3 InkHUD builds
The InkHUD base config pulls in all of src/graphics/niche/ so every
InkHUD device compiled ED047TC1.cpp, triggering the #error on line 48
for boards that define neither T5_S3_EPAPER_PRO_V1 nor V2.
Wrap the file body with #ifdef T5_S3_EPAPER_PRO so it is only compiled
for T5S3 targets. The #error is preserved inside the guard to catch
future hardware revisions that forget to update the driver.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---------
Co-authored-by: Claude Sonnet 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Co-authored-by: HarukiToreda <116696711+HarukiToreda@users.noreply.github.com>
* Add authoring guide for native unit tests in README.md
* Enhance documentation for agent tooling and native unit tests in README and related files
---------
Co-authored-by: Ben Meadors <benmmeadors@gmail.com>
* Add ESP32 Power Management lessons learned document
Documents our experimentation with ESP-IDF DFS and why it doesn't
work well for Meshtastic (RTOS locks, BLE locks, USB issues).
Proposes simpler alternative: manual setCpuFrequencyMhz() control
with explicit triggers for when to go fast vs slow.
* docs(prompts): fix markdown fence language tags
* docs: remove ESP32 power management notes
* nodelist screen cleanup
* Update UIRenderer.cpp
* Update src/graphics/draw/UIRenderer.cpp
* removed brackets from hop and made signal mutually exclusive
Add a meshtasticd config for the Luckfox Pico Max with the Waveshare Pico LoRa SX1262 TCXO HAT.
Tested on hardware with successful SX1262 init, broadcast, and direct messaging.
The CALIBRATE_ALL (0x7F) command inside resetAGC() clears bit 0 of the
undocumented 0x8B5 register. That bit is set once in init() by #9571 and
#9777 to improve SX1262 RX sensitivity, and the AGC-reset path was not
re-applying it. Result: every SX1262 node silently loses the RX
sensitivity patch ~60s after boot and never recovers until reboot.
Empirically confirmed on Heltec Mesh Node T114 (nRF52840 + SX1262):
- Post-calibration read of 0x8B5 = 0x04 (bit 0 cleared)
- After re-apply: 0x05 (bit 0 set)
Reproducible every AGC_RESET_INTERVAL_MS tick.
Fix re-applies the register bit alongside the existing post-calibration
re-applies (setDio2AsRfSwitch, setRxBoostedGainMode).
The CALIBRATE_ALL (0x7F) command inside resetAGC() clears bit 0 of the
undocumented 0x8B5 register. That bit is set once in init() by #9571 and
#9777 to improve SX1262 RX sensitivity, and the AGC-reset path was not
re-applying it. Result: every SX1262 node silently loses the RX
sensitivity patch ~60s after boot and never recovers until reboot.
Empirically confirmed on Heltec Mesh Node T114 (nRF52840 + SX1262):
- Post-calibration read of 0x8B5 = 0x04 (bit 0 cleared)
- After re-apply: 0x05 (bit 0 set)
Reproducible every AGC_RESET_INTERVAL_MS tick.
Fix re-applies the register bit alongside the existing post-calibration
re-applies (setDio2AsRfSwitch, setRxBoostedGainMode).
* Add authoring guide for native unit tests in README.md
* Enhance documentation for agent tooling and native unit tests in README and related files
---------
Co-authored-by: Ben Meadors <benmmeadors@gmail.com>
* Add ESP32 Power Management lessons learned document
Documents our experimentation with ESP-IDF DFS and why it doesn't
work well for Meshtastic (RTOS locks, BLE locks, USB issues).
Proposes simpler alternative: manual setCpuFrequencyMhz() control
with explicit triggers for when to go fast vs slow.
* docs(prompts): fix markdown fence language tags
* docs: remove ESP32 power management notes
* Infinite calibration loop fix
* Save calibration
* Screen refresh
* reduce repeated code
* reduce repeated code to reduce flash
* fix Waypoint compass size and no fix no heading labels
* Don't show compass unless we have a heading and location
* If no calculated heading from moving, we should have no heading
* Slow walking calculated heading and auto stale heading when not moving
* Triming flash space
* cleanup
* show "?" when no location or heading for distance and heading screen
* cleanup
* Stale heading logic
* final trim
* Compass Calibration screen redesign
* Trunk Fix
* Compile fix
* patch
* Update src/motion/MotionSensor.cpp
Co-authored-by: Copilot <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
* Update WaypointModule.cpp
---------
Co-authored-by: Copilot <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
* Implementation of Status Message
* Change drawNodeInfo to drawFavoriteNode
* Truncate overflow on Favorite frame
* Set MAX_RECENT_STATUSMESSAGES to 5 to meet memory usage targets
Add a meshtasticd config for the Luckfox Pico Max with the Waveshare Pico LoRa SX1262 TCXO HAT.
Tested on hardware with successful SX1262 init, broadcast, and direct messaging.
* fix(stm32/russell): define ENABLE_HWSERIAL2 and Serial2 pins
The Russell board variant was missed during Initial serialModule cleanup
(PR #9465), which began requiring Serial2 to be explicitly defined via
ENABLE_HWSERIAL2 and PIN_SERIAL2_TX/RX rather than relying on implicit
defaults, causing a build error.
Signed-off-by: Andrew Yong <me@ndoo.sg>
* feat(stm32/russell): add BME680 support, exclude modules to fit flash
The BME680 is hardware footprint compatible with the BME280 already
present on the Russell board, so add it as an additional lib dep to
enable environment sensing (temperature, humidity, pressure,
gas resistance).
The STM32 target has very limited flash. Even traceroute alone causes
overflow, so the following modules are excluded to stay within budget:
- RANGETEST
- DETECTIONSENSOR
- EXTERNALNOTIFICATION
- POWERSTRESS
- NEIGHBORINFO
- TRACEROUTE
- WAYPOINT
AIR_QUALITY_SENSOR is also excluded as it requires the BSEC2 library
for real IAQ output, which alone overflows flash by ~44KB on this
target. The Adafruit BME680 library is used instead for raw sensor
readings.
Signed-off-by: Andrew Yong <me@ndoo.sg>
---------
Signed-off-by: Andrew Yong <me@ndoo.sg>
Co-authored-by: Jonathan Bennett <jbennett@incomsystems.biz>
Co-authored-by: Ben Meadors <benmmeadors@gmail.com>
The linker script was created by merging variants/STM32WLxx/WL54JCI_WL55JCI_WLE4J(8-B-C)I_WLE5J(8-B-C)I/ldscript.ld and system/ldscript.ld from stm32duino/Arduino_Core_STM32.
mallinfo().fordblks counts only free bytes within the committed arena.
On STM32WL (newlib sbrk heap) the arena grows lazily from _end toward SP,
so fordblks reads near-zero at early boot even when ~48 KB of addressable
space remains. This caused NodeDB::isFull() to fire prematurely and evict
nodes on a freshly booted device.
Fix getFreeHeap() to include uncommitted sbrk headroom (SP - sbrk(0)) so
the returned value reflects true available memory throughout the boot
lifecycle.
Introduce MESHTASTIC_DYNAMIC_SBRK_HEAP as an opt-in build flag (set in
stm32.ini) so the fix is gated to platforms with a dynamic sbrk heap
rather than a static heap. Future platforms with the same heap model can
opt in by adding this flag.
Signed-off-by: Andrew Yong <me@ndoo.sg>
Assisted-by: Claude Sonnet 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Integrate STM32 battery monitoring into AnalogBatteryLevel, supporting
external GPIO ADC pins as well as internal VBAT channel.
Features:
- ADC reading using STM32 LL (Lower Layer) macros supporting external
ADC channels and internal VBAT channel (AVBAT)
- ADC compensation using STM32 LL macros with factory-calibrated VREFINT
(AVREF) for accurate voltage measurement
- LFP battery OCV curve for STM32WL using AVBAT (STM32 VDD absolute
maximum supply voltage 3.9V, direct connection of Li-Po batteries is
not supported)
Internal VBAT channel implemented in:
- Russell
- RAK3172
In these variants, ADC_MULTIPLIER = (1.01f * 3) = 3.30 as there is a
3:1 internal divider (DS13105 Rev 12 §5.3.21), and a bit of tolerance
as the actual 10% spec leads to readings much too high.
Assisted-by: Claude:sonnet-4-5
Signed-off-by: Andrew Yong <me@ndoo.sg>
* Fix heap blowout on TBeams
* Update src/graphics/draw/MessageRenderer.cpp
Co-authored-by: Copilot <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
* Set MESSAGE_HISTORY_LIMIT to 10 for original ESP32 to optimize RAM usage
* Optimize message frame allocation to prevent excessive memory usage
* Refine message history limits for resource-constrained builds and cap cached lines to prevent heap overflow
* Update src/graphics/draw/MessageRenderer.cpp
Co-authored-by: Copilot <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
---------
Co-authored-by: Copilot <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
To save resources, some devices where LR11x0 was never an option
excluded it from compilation, using RADIOLIB_EXCLUDE_LR11X0 .
As we will soon have LR2021 support, apply the same treatment
to that chip to these devices, by adding RADIOLIB_EXCLUDE_LR2021
* Fix heap blowout on TBeams
* Update src/graphics/draw/MessageRenderer.cpp
Co-authored-by: Copilot <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
* Set MESSAGE_HISTORY_LIMIT to 10 for original ESP32 to optimize RAM usage
* Optimize message frame allocation to prevent excessive memory usage
* Refine message history limits for resource-constrained builds and cap cached lines to prevent heap overflow
* Update src/graphics/draw/MessageRenderer.cpp
Co-authored-by: Copilot <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
---------
Co-authored-by: Copilot <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
* fix(native): implement BinarySemaphorePosix with proper pthread synchronization
The BinarySemaphorePosix class (used on all Linux/portduino/native builds)
had stub implementations: give() was a no-op and take() just called
delay(msec) and returned false. This broke the cooperative thread scheduler
on native platforms — threads could not wake the main loop, radio RX
interrupts were missed, and telemetry never transmitted over the mesh.
Replace the stubs with a proper binary semaphore using pthread_mutex_t +
pthread_cond_t + bool signaled:
- take(msec): pthread_cond_timedwait with CLOCK_REALTIME timeout, consumes
signal atomically (binary semaphore semantics)
- give(): sets signaled=true, signals condition variable
- giveFromISR(): delegates to give(), sets pxHigherPriorityTaskWoken
Tested on Raspberry Pi 3 Model B (ARM64, Debian Bookworm) with Adafruit
LoRa Radio Bonnet (SX1276). Before fix: no radio TX/RX, no telemetry on
mesh. After fix: bidirectional LoRa, MQTT gateway, telemetry all working.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
* ARCH_PORTDUINO
* Refactor BinarySemaphorePosix header for ARCH_PORTDUINO
* Change preprocessor directive from ifndef to ifdef
* Gate new Semaphore code to Portduino and fix STM compilation
* Binary Semaphore Posix better error handling
---------
Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Co-authored-by: Ben Meadors <benmmeadors@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Jonathan Bennett <jbennett@incomsystems.biz>
* fix(native): implement BinarySemaphorePosix with proper pthread synchronization
The BinarySemaphorePosix class (used on all Linux/portduino/native builds)
had stub implementations: give() was a no-op and take() just called
delay(msec) and returned false. This broke the cooperative thread scheduler
on native platforms — threads could not wake the main loop, radio RX
interrupts were missed, and telemetry never transmitted over the mesh.
Replace the stubs with a proper binary semaphore using pthread_mutex_t +
pthread_cond_t + bool signaled:
- take(msec): pthread_cond_timedwait with CLOCK_REALTIME timeout, consumes
signal atomically (binary semaphore semantics)
- give(): sets signaled=true, signals condition variable
- giveFromISR(): delegates to give(), sets pxHigherPriorityTaskWoken
Tested on Raspberry Pi 3 Model B (ARM64, Debian Bookworm) with Adafruit
LoRa Radio Bonnet (SX1276). Before fix: no radio TX/RX, no telemetry on
mesh. After fix: bidirectional LoRa, MQTT gateway, telemetry all working.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
* ARCH_PORTDUINO
* Refactor BinarySemaphorePosix header for ARCH_PORTDUINO
* Change preprocessor directive from ifndef to ifdef
* Gate new Semaphore code to Portduino and fix STM compilation
* Binary Semaphore Posix better error handling
---------
Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Co-authored-by: Ben Meadors <benmmeadors@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Jonathan Bennett <jbennett@incomsystems.biz>
This reverts commit 391928ed08.
Since esp32_https_server commit e2c9f98, this is no longer necessary.
Also, the esp32-common.ini '-include mbedtls/error.h' causes a build error
under IDF v5 (https://github.com/meshtastic/firmware/pull/9122#issuecomment-4185767085):
<command-line>: fatal error: mbedtls/error.h: No such file or directory
so this change fixes that error.
* Add powerlimits to reconfigured radio settings as well as init settings.
* Refactor preamble length handling for wide LoRa configurations
* Moved the preamble setting to the main class and made the references static
MQTT password was logged in cleartext via LOG_INFO when connecting to
the broker, exposing credentials to anyone with log access. Replace
the password format specifier with a static mask.
Co-authored-by: Patrickschell609 <patrickschell609@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
* Consolidate SHTs into one class
* Remove separate SHT imports
* Create one single SHTXX sensor type
* Let the SHTXXSensor class handle variant detection
* Minor logging improvements
* Add functions to set accuracy on SHT3X and SHT4X
* Fix variable init in constructor
* Add bus to SHT sensor init
* Update src/modules/Telemetry/Sensor/SHTXXSensor.cpp
Co-authored-by: Copilot <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
* Update src/modules/Telemetry/Sensor/SHTXXSensor.cpp
Co-authored-by: Copilot <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
* Fix accuracy conditions on SHTXX
Co-authored-by: Copilot <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
* Merge upstream
* Add SHT2X detection on 0x40
* Read second part of SHT2X serial number
---------
Co-authored-by: Ben Meadors <benmmeadors@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Copilot <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
SerialModule's weather station parser divides by velCount and dirCount
to compute wind speed/direction averages. Both counters are only
incremented when their respective sensor readings arrive, but the
division runs whenever gotwind is true (set by EITHER reading) and
the averaging interval has elapsed.
If only WindDir arrives without WindSpeed (or vice versa), or if the
timer fires before any readings accumulate, the division produces
undefined behavior (floating-point divide by zero on embedded = NaN
or hardware fault depending on platform).
Fix: add velCount > 0 && dirCount > 0 guard to the averaging block.
Co-authored-by: Patrickschell609 <patrickschell609@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Co-authored-by: Ben Meadors <benmmeadors@gmail.com>
* fix MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_SCREEN
* mesh-tab map constraints (2 MB PSRAM)
* point MUI commit to the related PR
---------
Co-authored-by: Ben Meadors <benmmeadors@gmail.com>
* Improved flow to make easier
The emojis are intentional! I had minimal LLM input!!!
* try and fix input variable sanitisation
* and again
* again
* Copilot fixed it for me
* copilot didn't fix it for me
* copilot might have fixed it and I broke it by copypasting
---------
Co-authored-by: Ben Meadors <benmmeadors@gmail.com>
* Fix TAG low‑voltage reboot hang after App configuration
* nRF52: Move low-VDD System OFF logic to variant hook
* Addressed review
* serialize SAADC access with shared mutex for VDD and battery reads
* raise LPCOMP wake threshold to ensure rising-edge wake
* Trunk fmt
---------
Co-authored-by: Ben Meadors <benmmeadors@gmail.com>
* fix(routing): prevent licensed users from rebroadcasting packets from unlicensed or unknown users
* fix(routing): prevent licensed users from rebroadcasting packets to or from unlicensed users
---------
Co-authored-by: Ben Meadors <benmmeadors@gmail.com>
The W5100S Ethernet chip has only 4 hardware sockets. On RAK4631
Ethernet gateways with syslog and NTP enabled, all 4 sockets were
permanently consumed (NTP UDP + Syslog UDP + TCP API listener + TCP
API client), leaving none for MQTT, DHCP lease renewal, or additional
TCP connections.
- NTP: Remove permanent timeClient.begin() at startup; NTPClient::update()
auto-initializes when needed. Add timeClient.end() after each query to
release the UDP socket immediately.
- Syslog: Remove socket allocation from Syslog::enable(). Open and close
the UDP socket on-demand in _sendLog() around each message send.
- MQTT: Fix socket leak in isValidConfig() where a successful test
connection was never closed (PubSubClient destructor does not call
disconnect). Add explicit pubSub->disconnect() before returning.
Made-with: Cursor
Co-authored-by: Ben Meadors <benmmeadors@gmail.com>
The W5100S Ethernet chip has only 4 hardware sockets. On RAK4631
Ethernet gateways with syslog and NTP enabled, all 4 sockets were
permanently consumed (NTP UDP + Syslog UDP + TCP API listener + TCP
API client), leaving none for MQTT, DHCP lease renewal, or additional
TCP connections.
- NTP: Remove permanent timeClient.begin() at startup; NTPClient::update()
auto-initializes when needed. Add timeClient.end() after each query to
release the UDP socket immediately.
- Syslog: Remove socket allocation from Syslog::enable(). Open and close
the UDP socket on-demand in _sendLog() around each message send.
- MQTT: Fix socket leak in isValidConfig() where a successful test
connection was never closed (PubSubClient destructor does not call
disconnect). Add explicit pubSub->disconnect() before returning.
Made-with: Cursor
Co-authored-by: Ben Meadors <benmmeadors@gmail.com>
PlatformIO registry is (probably) rate limiting us. Mitigate by switching to GitHub source zips (based upon tags).
This change does not include any updates, simply swapping to a new download location.
* Fix TransmitHistory to improve epoch handling
* Enable epoch handling in unit tests
* Improve comments and test handling for epoch persistence in TransmitHistory
* Add boot-relative timestamp handling and unit tests for TransmitHistory
* loadFromDisk should handle legacy entries and clean up old v1 files after migration
* Revert "loadFromDisk should handle legacy entries and clean up old v1 files after migration"
This reverts commit eb7e5c7acf.
* Add NodeInfoModule integration for RTC quality changes and trigger immediate checks
* Update test conditions for RTC quality checks
* Fix TAG low‑voltage reboot hang after App configuration
* nRF52: Move low-VDD System OFF logic to variant hook
* Addressed review
* serialize SAADC access with shared mutex for VDD and battery reads
* raise LPCOMP wake threshold to ensure rising-edge wake
* Trunk fmt
---------
Co-authored-by: Ben Meadors <benmmeadors@gmail.com>
We cache and dedupe our dependencies, referring to them with multiple methods/urls is just noise.
```
lewisxhe/XPowersLib@0.3.3
lewisxhe/SensorLib@0.3.4
```
This does *not* include any updates, just a cleanup.
* fix(routing): prevent licensed users from rebroadcasting packets from unlicensed or unknown users
* fix(routing): prevent licensed users from rebroadcasting packets to or from unlicensed users
---------
Co-authored-by: Ben Meadors <benmmeadors@gmail.com>
* fix: apply all LoRa config changes live without rebooting
All LoRa radio settings (SF, BW, CR, frequency, power, preset,
sx126x_rx_boosted_gain) now apply immediately via reconfigure()
without requiring a node reboot.
- AdminModule: requiresReboot = false for all LoRa config changes;
LoRa changes were already handled by the configChanged observer
calling reconfigure() but the reboot flag was set unnecessarily
- AdminModule: validate LORA_24 region against radio hardware at
config time; reject with BAD_REQUEST if hardware lacks 2.4 GHz
capability (wideLora() returns false or no radio instance)
- SX126xInterface/LR11x0Interface: apply sx126x_rx_boosted_gain in
reconfigure(); register 0x08AC is writable in STDBY mode (SX1261/2
datasheet §9.6); retention registers written so setting survives
warm-sleep cycles; log warning on setter failure
- DebugRenderer: show BW/SF/CR on debug screen when custom modem is
active instead of the preset name
- DisplayFormatters: clarify comment on getModemPresetDisplayName
* fix: remove redundant reboot after LoRa config changes in on-device menus
Region, frequency slot, and radio preset pickers in MenuHandler all
called reloadConfig() then immediately set rebootAtMsec. reloadConfig()
already fires the configChanged observer which calls reconfigure(), so
the forced reboot was unnecessary — same rationale as the parent commit.
* fix: guard LORA_24 region selection against hardware capability in on-device menu
Without a reboot, reconfigure() now applies region changes directly.
Previously getRadio() caught the LORA_24-on-sub-GHz mismatch post-reboot
and reverted to UNSET — that safety net is gone. Add an explicit wideLora()
check in LoraRegionPicker so sub-GHz-only hardware silently ignores LORA_24
selection instead of attempting a live reconfigure with an invalid frequency.
---------
Co-authored-by: elwimen <elwimen@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Ben Meadors <benmmeadors@gmail.com>
The touch-to-backlight feature was gated behind TTGO_T_ECHO_PLUS, but
the regular T-Echo has the same backlight pin (PIN_EINK_EN, P1.11).
This changes the guard to use PIN_EINK_EN only, so any device with an
e-ink backlight pin gets the feature.
Fixes#7630
Co-authored-by: Ben Meadors <benmmeadors@gmail.com>
* Fix issue 9792, decode packet for TR test
* Fix 9792: Assure packet id decoded for TR test
* Potential fix for pull request finding
Log improvement for failure to decode packet.
Co-authored-by: Copilot Autofix powered by AI <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
* trunk fmt
---------
Co-authored-by: Copilot Autofix powered by AI <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Tom Fifield <tom@tomfifield.net>
* fix: MQTT settings silently fail to persist when broker is unreachable
isValidConfig() was testing broker connectivity via connectPubSub() as
part of config validation. When the broker was unreachable (network not
ready, DNS failure, server down), the function returned false, causing
AdminModule to skip saving settings entirely — silently.
This removes the connectivity test from isValidConfig(), which now only
validates configuration correctness (TLS support, default server port).
Connectivity is handled by the MQTT module's existing reconnect loop.
Fixes#9107
* Add client warning notification when MQTT broker is unreachable
Per maintainer feedback: instead of silently saving when the broker
can't be reached, send a WARNING notification to the client saying
"MQTT settings saved, but could not reach the MQTT server."
Settings still always persist regardless of connectivity — the core
fix from the previous commit is preserved. The notification is purely
advisory so users know to double-check their server address and
credentials if the connection test fails.
When the network is not available at all, the connectivity check is
skipped entirely with a log message.
* Address Copilot review feedback
- Fix warning message wording: "Settings will be saved" instead of
"Settings saved" (notification fires before AdminModule persists)
- Add null check on clientNotificationPool.allocZeroed() to prevent
crash if pool is exhausted (matches AdminModule::sendWarning pattern)
- Fix test comments to accurately describe conditional connectivity
check behavior and IS_RUNNING_TESTS compile-out
* Remove connectivity check from isValidConfig entirely
Reverts the advisory connectivity check added in the previous commit.
While the intent was to warn users about unreachable brokers,
connectPubSub() mutates the isConnected state of the running MQTT
module and performs synchronous network operations that can block
the config-save path.
The cleanest approach: isValidConfig() validates config correctness
only (TLS support, default server port). The MQTT reconnect loop
handles connectivity after settings are persisted and the device
reboots. If the broker is unreachable, the user will see it in the
MQTT connection status — no special notification needed.
This returns to the simpler design from the first commit, which was
tested on hardware and confirmed working.
* Use lightweight TCP check instead of connectPubSub for validation
Per maintainer feedback: users need connectivity feedback, but
connectPubSub() mutates the module's isConnected state.
This uses a standalone MQTTClient TCP connection test that:
- Checks if the server IP/port is reachable
- Sends a WARNING notification if unreachable
- Does NOT establish an MQTT session or mutate any module state
- Does NOT block saving — isValidConfig always returns true
The TCP test client is created locally, used, and destroyed within
the function scope. No side effects on the running MQTT module.
---------
Co-authored-by: Ben Meadors <benmmeadors@gmail.com>
The touch-to-backlight feature was gated behind TTGO_T_ECHO_PLUS, but
the regular T-Echo has the same backlight pin (PIN_EINK_EN, P1.11).
This changes the guard to use PIN_EINK_EN only, so any device with an
e-ink backlight pin gets the feature.
Fixes#7630
Co-authored-by: Ben Meadors <benmmeadors@gmail.com>
* Fix issue 9792, decode packet for TR test
* Fix 9792: Assure packet id decoded for TR test
* Potential fix for pull request finding
Log improvement for failure to decode packet.
Co-authored-by: Copilot Autofix powered by AI <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
* trunk fmt
---------
Co-authored-by: Copilot Autofix powered by AI <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Tom Fifield <tom@tomfifield.net>
* Enhance LoRa configuration with modem presets and validation logic
* Rename bootstrapLoRaConfigFromPreset tests to validateModemConfig for clarity and consistency
* additional tidy-ups to the validateModemConfig - still fundamentally broken at this point
* Enhance region validation by adding numPresets to RegionInfo and implementing validateRegionConfig in RadioInterface
* Add validation for modem configuration in applyModemConfig
* Fix region unset handling and improve modem config validation in handleSetConfig
* Refactor LoRa configuration validation methods and introduce clamping method for invalid settings
* Update handleSetConfig to use fromOthers parameter to either correct or reject invalid settings
* Fix some of the copilot review comments for LoRa configuration validation and clamping methods; add tests for region and preset handling
* Redid the slot default checking and calculation. Should resolve the outstanding comments.
* Add bandwidth calculation for LoRa modem preset fallback in clampConfigLora
* Remove unused preset name variable in validateConfigLora and fix default frequency slot check in applyModemConfig
* update tests for region handling
* Got the synthetic colleague to add mock service for testing
* Flash savings... hopefully
* Refactor modem preset handling to use sentinel values and improve default preset retrieval
* Refactor region handling to use profile structures for modem presets and channel calculations
* added comments for clarity on parameters
* Add shadow table tests and validateConfigLora enhancements for region presets
* Add isFromUs tests for preset validation in AdminModule
* Respond to copilot github review
* address copilot comments
* address null poointers
* fix build errors
* Fix the fix, undo the silly suggestions from synthetic reviewer.
* we all float here
* Fix include path for AdminModule in test_main.cpp
* Potential fix for pull request finding
Co-authored-by: Copilot Autofix powered by AI <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
* More suggestion fixes
* admin module merge conflicts
* admin module fixes from merge hell
* fix: initialize default frequency slot and custom channel name; update LNA mode handling
* save some bytes...
* fix: simplify error logging for bandwidth checks in LoRa configuration
* Update src/mesh/MeshRadio.h
Co-authored-by: Copilot <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
---------
Co-authored-by: Copilot Autofix powered by AI <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
* fix: MQTT settings silently fail to persist when broker is unreachable
isValidConfig() was testing broker connectivity via connectPubSub() as
part of config validation. When the broker was unreachable (network not
ready, DNS failure, server down), the function returned false, causing
AdminModule to skip saving settings entirely — silently.
This removes the connectivity test from isValidConfig(), which now only
validates configuration correctness (TLS support, default server port).
Connectivity is handled by the MQTT module's existing reconnect loop.
Fixes#9107
* Add client warning notification when MQTT broker is unreachable
Per maintainer feedback: instead of silently saving when the broker
can't be reached, send a WARNING notification to the client saying
"MQTT settings saved, but could not reach the MQTT server."
Settings still always persist regardless of connectivity — the core
fix from the previous commit is preserved. The notification is purely
advisory so users know to double-check their server address and
credentials if the connection test fails.
When the network is not available at all, the connectivity check is
skipped entirely with a log message.
* Address Copilot review feedback
- Fix warning message wording: "Settings will be saved" instead of
"Settings saved" (notification fires before AdminModule persists)
- Add null check on clientNotificationPool.allocZeroed() to prevent
crash if pool is exhausted (matches AdminModule::sendWarning pattern)
- Fix test comments to accurately describe conditional connectivity
check behavior and IS_RUNNING_TESTS compile-out
* Remove connectivity check from isValidConfig entirely
Reverts the advisory connectivity check added in the previous commit.
While the intent was to warn users about unreachable brokers,
connectPubSub() mutates the isConnected state of the running MQTT
module and performs synchronous network operations that can block
the config-save path.
The cleanest approach: isValidConfig() validates config correctness
only (TLS support, default server port). The MQTT reconnect loop
handles connectivity after settings are persisted and the device
reboots. If the broker is unreachable, the user will see it in the
MQTT connection status — no special notification needed.
This returns to the simpler design from the first commit, which was
tested on hardware and confirmed working.
* Use lightweight TCP check instead of connectPubSub for validation
Per maintainer feedback: users need connectivity feedback, but
connectPubSub() mutates the module's isConnected state.
This uses a standalone MQTTClient TCP connection test that:
- Checks if the server IP/port is reachable
- Sends a WARNING notification if unreachable
- Does NOT establish an MQTT session or mutate any module state
- Does NOT block saving — isValidConfig always returns true
The TCP test client is created locally, used, and destroyed within
the function scope. No side effects on the running MQTT module.
---------
Co-authored-by: Ben Meadors <benmmeadors@gmail.com>
* Fix for preserving pki_encrypted and public_key when relaying UDP multicast packets to radio.
PKI DMs sent over UDP multicast had their pki_encrypted flag and public_key fields explicitly cleared before being forwarded to the LoRa radio. This caused the receiving node to treat the packet as a channel-encrypted message it couldn't decrypt, silently dropping it.
The MQTT ingress path correctly preserves these fields. The UDP multicast ingress path should behave the same way.
* Zeroize MeshPacket before decoding
Zeroize MeshPacket before decoding to prevent data leakage.
Co-authored-by: Copilot Autofix powered by AI <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
---------
Co-authored-by: Copilot Autofix powered by AI <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Ben Meadors <benmmeadors@gmail.com>
* Fix for preserving pki_encrypted and public_key when relaying UDP multicast packets to radio.
PKI DMs sent over UDP multicast had their pki_encrypted flag and public_key fields explicitly cleared before being forwarded to the LoRa radio. This caused the receiving node to treat the packet as a channel-encrypted message it couldn't decrypt, silently dropping it.
The MQTT ingress path correctly preserves these fields. The UDP multicast ingress path should behave the same way.
* Zeroize MeshPacket before decoding
Zeroize MeshPacket before decoding to prevent data leakage.
Co-authored-by: Copilot Autofix powered by AI <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
---------
Co-authored-by: Copilot Autofix powered by AI <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Ben Meadors <benmmeadors@gmail.com>
* Fix RAK4631 Ethernet gateway API connection loss after W5100S brownout
PoE power instability can brownout the W5100S while the nRF52 MCU keeps
running, causing all chip registers (MAC, IP, sockets) to revert to
defaults. The firmware had no mechanism to detect or recover from this.
Changes:
- Detect W5100S chip reset by periodically verifying MAC address register
in reconnectETH(); on mismatch, perform full hardware reset and
re-initialize Ethernet interface and services
- Add deInitApiServer() for clean API server teardown during recovery
- Add ~APIServerPort destructor to prevent memory leaks
- Switch nRF52 from EthernetServer::available() to accept() to prevent
the same connected client from being repeatedly re-reported
- Add proactive dead-connection cleanup in APIServerPort::runOnce()
- Add 15-minute TCP idle timeout to close half-open connections that
consume limited W5100S hardware sockets
Fixesmeshtastic/firmware#6970
Made-with: Cursor
* Log actual elapsed idle time instead of constant timeout value
Address Copilot review comment: log millis() - lastContactMsec to show
the real time since last client activity, rather than always logging the
TCP_IDLE_TIMEOUT_MS constant.
Made-with: Cursor
* Update src/mesh/api/ServerAPI.h
Co-authored-by: Copilot <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
* Stop UDP multicast handler during W5100S brownout recovery
After a W5100S chip brownout, the udpHandler isRunning flag stays
true while the underlying socket is dead. Without calling stop(),
the subsequent start() no-ops and multicast is silently broken
after recovery.
Made-with: Cursor
* Address Copilot review: recovery flags and timeout constant
Move ethStartupComplete and ntp_renew reset to immediately after
service teardown, before Ethernet.begin(). Previously, if DHCP
failed the early return left ethStartupComplete=true, preventing
service re-initialization on subsequent retries.
Replace #define TCP_IDLE_TIMEOUT_MS with static constexpr uint32_t
for type safety and better C++ practice.
Made-with: Cursor
---------
Co-authored-by: Ben Meadors <benmmeadors@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Copilot <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
* Fix RAK4631 Ethernet gateway API connection loss after W5100S brownout
PoE power instability can brownout the W5100S while the nRF52 MCU keeps
running, causing all chip registers (MAC, IP, sockets) to revert to
defaults. The firmware had no mechanism to detect or recover from this.
Changes:
- Detect W5100S chip reset by periodically verifying MAC address register
in reconnectETH(); on mismatch, perform full hardware reset and
re-initialize Ethernet interface and services
- Add deInitApiServer() for clean API server teardown during recovery
- Add ~APIServerPort destructor to prevent memory leaks
- Switch nRF52 from EthernetServer::available() to accept() to prevent
the same connected client from being repeatedly re-reported
- Add proactive dead-connection cleanup in APIServerPort::runOnce()
- Add 15-minute TCP idle timeout to close half-open connections that
consume limited W5100S hardware sockets
Fixesmeshtastic/firmware#6970
Made-with: Cursor
* Log actual elapsed idle time instead of constant timeout value
Address Copilot review comment: log millis() - lastContactMsec to show
the real time since last client activity, rather than always logging the
TCP_IDLE_TIMEOUT_MS constant.
Made-with: Cursor
* Update src/mesh/api/ServerAPI.h
Co-authored-by: Copilot <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
* Stop UDP multicast handler during W5100S brownout recovery
After a W5100S chip brownout, the udpHandler isRunning flag stays
true while the underlying socket is dead. Without calling stop(),
the subsequent start() no-ops and multicast is silently broken
after recovery.
Made-with: Cursor
* Address Copilot review: recovery flags and timeout constant
Move ethStartupComplete and ntp_renew reset to immediately after
service teardown, before Ethernet.begin(). Previously, if DHCP
failed the early return left ethStartupComplete=true, preventing
service re-initialization on subsequent retries.
Replace #define TCP_IDLE_TIMEOUT_MS with static constexpr uint32_t
for type safety and better C++ practice.
Made-with: Cursor
---------
Co-authored-by: Ben Meadors <benmmeadors@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Copilot <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
* Fix NodeInfo suppression logic to ensure suppression only applies to external requests
* Ensure NodeInfo reply suppression logic to only apply for external requests which are actually nodeinfo packets
Problem:
- Inserting a µSD card causes RadioLib to hit a critical error and reboot
- Device enters a boot loop as the SD card remains inserted
Reproduction:
- Insert a µSD card and power on
- RadioLib reports a critical error on boot
- Device reboots, repeating indefinitely
Root cause:
- On T-Lora Pager, SX1262 and the µSD slot share the same physical SPI bus
(same SCK/MOSI/MISO pins, differentiated only by CS)
- SDCARD_USE_SPI1 is intended for boards where SD is on a separate SPI bus;
it initializes a second ESP32 SPI peripheral (SPI3) for SD
- SPI2 is already driving those same pins for LoRa, so both controllers
simultaneously drive the same GPIO lines, causing bus contention
Fix:
- Remove SDCARD_USE_SPI1 so both devices share a single SPI peripheral (SPI2),
with CS pins providing device selection as intended
- Tested on a custom fork of device-ui; LoRa and SD card map tiles both work
correctly with an SD card inserted
Signed-off-by: Andrew Yong <me@ndoo.sg>
Problem:
- Inserting a µSD card causes RadioLib to hit a critical error and reboot
- Device enters a boot loop as the SD card remains inserted
Reproduction:
- Insert a µSD card and power on
- RadioLib reports a critical error on boot
- Device reboots, repeating indefinitely
Root cause:
- On T-Lora Pager, SX1262 and the µSD slot share the same physical SPI bus
(same SCK/MOSI/MISO pins, differentiated only by CS)
- SDCARD_USE_SPI1 is intended for boards where SD is on a separate SPI bus;
it initializes a second ESP32 SPI peripheral (SPI3) for SD
- SPI2 is already driving those same pins for LoRa, so both controllers
simultaneously drive the same GPIO lines, causing bus contention
Fix:
- Remove SDCARD_USE_SPI1 so both devices share a single SPI peripheral (SPI2),
with CS pins providing device selection as intended
- Tested on a custom fork of device-ui; LoRa and SD card map tiles both work
correctly with an SD card inserted
Signed-off-by: Andrew Yong <me@ndoo.sg>
* Enable pre-hop drop handling by default
* Remove early break if BME/DPS sensors are not detected at the BME address
* revert sneaky change
* Potential fix for pull request finding
Co-authored-by: Copilot Autofix powered by AI <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
---------
Co-authored-by: Copilot Autofix powered by AI <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Ben Meadors <benmmeadors@gmail.com>
* Enable pre-hop drop handling by default
* Remove early break if BME/DPS sensors are not detected at the BME address
* revert sneaky change
* Potential fix for pull request finding
Co-authored-by: Copilot Autofix powered by AI <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
---------
Co-authored-by: Copilot Autofix powered by AI <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Ben Meadors <benmmeadors@gmail.com>
The Seeed Xiao S3 Kit's default GPS is an L76K which operates at 9600 baud, so when this variant was defined that baud rate was specified.
However, this is a development board and it is expected that users can attach their own devices. This includes GPS, which may operate at a different baud rate. The current fixed baud rate prevents this, so this patch removes that setting.
This will revert to the regular automatic probe method. This will successfully detect the L76K as before (the same speed as before since 9600 baud is the first baud rate checked), but also allow other GPSes at other baud rates to be detected.
Thanks to @ScarpMarc for the report
Fixes https://github.com/meshtastic/firmware/issues/9373#issuecomment-3774802763
* Deprecate forwarding for invalid hop_start
* Add pre-hop packet drop policy
* Log ignored rebroadcasts for pre-hop packets
* Respect pre-hop policy ALLOW in routing gates
* Exempt local packets from pre-hop drop policy
* Format pre-hop log line
* Add MODERN_ONLY rebroadcast mode for pre-hop packets
* Simplify implementation for drop packet only behaviour
* Revert formatting-only changes
* Match ReliableRouter EOF formatting
* Make pre-hop drop a build-time flag
* Rework to compile/build flag MESHTASTIC_PREHOP_DROP
* Set MESHTASTIC_PREHOP_DROP off by default
* Inline pre-hop hop_start validity check
---------
Co-authored-by: Ben Meadors <benmmeadors@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Jord <650645+DivineOmega@users.noreply.github.com>
The Seeed Xiao S3 Kit's default GPS is an L76K which operates at 9600 baud, so when this variant was defined that baud rate was specified.
However, this is a development board and it is expected that users can attach their own devices. This includes GPS, which may operate at a different baud rate. The current fixed baud rate prevents this, so this patch removes that setting.
This will revert to the regular automatic probe method. This will successfully detect the L76K as before (the same speed as before since 9600 baud is the first baud rate checked), but also allow other GPSes at other baud rates to be detected.
Thanks to @ScarpMarc for the report
Fixes https://github.com/meshtastic/firmware/issues/9373#issuecomment-3774802763
Fixes this build error:
<command-line>: error: expected unqualified-id before '-' token
/home/<snip>/.platformio/packages/framework-arduinoespressif32/variants/esp32s3/pins_arduino.h:15:22: note: in expansion of macro 'LED_BUILTIN'
15 | static const uint8_t LED_BUILTIN = SOC_GPIO_PIN_COUNT + PIN_RGB_LED;
| ^~~~~~~~~~~
More info: https://github.com/meshtastic/firmware/pull/9122#issuecomment-4028263894
The fix is consistent with variants/esp32s3/heltec_v3/platformio.ini
This commit is intentionally on the develop branch, because it's harmless to
develop branch, and makes us more ready for pioarduino when the time comes.
Heltec v4 introduced in: https://github.com/meshtastic/firmware/pull/7845
Co-authored-by: Ben Meadors <benmmeadors@gmail.com>
* Add C++17 support
* Add C++17 runtime probes and update build configurations for STM32 and Portduino
* Remove unflags
* Update C++ standard flags across the platforms
* Convert a couple of instances to structured bindings
* NRF52 platform.txt to add C++17 support
* Still need the unflags apparently
* Remove C++17 runtime probe tests from test_main.cpp
* Reconfigured doesnt need a nodiscard
* Remove nodiscard attribute from init() method in RadioInterface
* Remove mbedtls/error.h from build flags
Removed include directive for mbedtls/error.h from build flags.
* Fix IRAM overflow
* Fix IRAM overflow
* Add build flag to exclude MQTT from rak11200
* Update C++ standard from gnu17 to gnu++17
* Add ESP32 Power Management lessons learned document
Documents our experimentation with ESP-IDF DFS and why it doesn't
work well for Meshtastic (RTOS locks, BLE locks, USB issues).
Proposes simpler alternative: manual setCpuFrequencyMhz() control
with explicit triggers for when to go fast vs slow.
* Addition of traffic management module
* Fixing compile issues, but may still need to update protobufs.
* Fixing log2Floor in cuckoo hash function
* Adding support for traffic management in PhoneAPI.
* Making router_preserve_hops work without checking if the previous hop was a router. Also works for CLIENT_BASE.
* Adding station-g2 and portduino varients to be able to use this module.
* Spoofing from address for nodeinfo cache
* Changing name and behavior for zero_hop_telemetry / zero_hop_position
* Name change for exhausting telemetry packets and setting hop_limit to 1 so it will be 0 when sent.
* Updated hop logic, including exhaustRequested flag to bypass some checks later in the code.
* Reducing memory on nrf52 nodes further to 12 bytes per entry, 12KB total using 8 bit hashes with 0.4% collision. Probably ok. Adding portduino to the platforms that don't need to worry about memory as much.
* Fixing hopsAway for nodeinfo responses.
* traffic_management.nodeinfo_direct_response_min_hops -> traffic_management.nodeinfo_direct_response_max_hops
* Removing dry run mode
* Updates to UnifiedCacheEntry to use a common cache, created defaults for some values, reduced a couple bytes per entry by using a resolution-scale time selection based on configuration value.
* Enhance traffic management logging and configuration. Updated log messages in NextHopRouter and Router to include more context. Adjusted traffic management configuration checks in AdminModule and improved cache handling in TrafficManagementModule. Ensured consistent enabling of traffic management across various variants.
* Implement destructor for TrafficManagementModule and improve cache allocation handling. The destructor ensures proper deallocation of cache memory based on its allocation source (PSRAM or heap). Additionally, updated cache allocation logic to log warnings only when PSRAM allocation fails.
* Update TrafficManagementModule with enhanced comments for clarity and improve cache handling logic. Update protobuf submodule to latest commit.
* Creating consistent log messages
* Remove docs/ESP32_Power_Management.md from traffic_module
* Add unit tests for Traffic Management Module functionality
* Fixing compile issues, but may still need to update protobufs.
* Adding support for traffic management in PhoneAPI.
* Making router_preserve_hops work without checking if the previous hop was a router. Also works for CLIENT_BASE.
* Enhance traffic management logging and configuration. Updated log messages in NextHopRouter and Router to include more context. Adjusted traffic management configuration checks in AdminModule and improved cache handling in TrafficManagementModule. Ensured consistent enabling of traffic management across various variants.
* Implement destructor for TrafficManagementModule and improve cache allocation handling. The destructor ensures proper deallocation of cache memory based on its allocation source (PSRAM or heap). Additionally, updated cache allocation logic to log warnings only when PSRAM allocation fails.
* Update TrafficManagementModule with enhanced comments for clarity and improve cache handling logic. Update protobuf submodule to latest commit.
* Add mock classes and unit tests for Traffic Management Module functionality.
* Refactor setup and loop functions in test_main.cpp to include extern "C" linkage
* Update comment to include reduced memory requirements
Co-authored-by: Copilot <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
* Re-arranging comments for programmers with the attention span of less than 5 lines of code.
Co-authored-by: Copilot <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
* Update comments in TrafficManagementModule to reflect changes in timestamp epoch handling and memory optimization details.
* bug: Use node-wide config_ok_to_mqtt setting for cached NodeInfo replies.
* Better way to handle clearing the ok_to_mqtt bit
* Add bucketing to cuckoo hashing, allowing for 95% occupied rate before major eviction problems.
* Extend nodeinfo cache for psram devices.
* Refactor traffic management to make hop exhaustion packet-scoped. Nice catch.
* Implement better position precision sanitization in TrafficManagementModule.
* Added logic in TrafficManagementModule to invalidate stale traffic state. Also, added some tests to avoid future me from creating a regression here.
* Fixing tests for native
* Enhance TrafficManagementModule to improve NodeInfo response handling and position deduplication logic. Added tests to ensure local packets bypass transit filters and that NodeInfo requests correctly update the requester information in the cache. Updated deduplication checks to prevent dropping valid position packets under certain conditions.
---------
Co-authored-by: Copilot <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Fixes this build error:
<command-line>: error: expected unqualified-id before '-' token
/home/<snip>/.platformio/packages/framework-arduinoespressif32/variants/esp32s3/pins_arduino.h:15:22: note: in expansion of macro 'LED_BUILTIN'
15 | static const uint8_t LED_BUILTIN = SOC_GPIO_PIN_COUNT + PIN_RGB_LED;
| ^~~~~~~~~~~
More info: https://github.com/meshtastic/firmware/pull/9122#issuecomment-4028263894
The fix is consistent with variants/esp32s3/heltec_v3/platformio.ini
This commit is intentionally on the develop branch, because it's harmless to
develop branch, and makes us more ready for pioarduino when the time comes.
Heltec v4 introduced in: https://github.com/meshtastic/firmware/pull/7845
Co-authored-by: Ben Meadors <benmmeadors@gmail.com>
* Update ESP8266Audio dependency to Meshtastic fork for compatibility
* Update ESP8266Audio dependency to Meshtastic fork for compatibility across multiple platformio.ini files
Addendum to PR #9791
The sourcedebs cannot currently be built offline >30 days after release. Extend the cache-expiry-mangling hack to sourcedeb packaging.
# Claude Code slash commands for the mcp-server test suite
Three AI-assisted workflows wrapping `mcp-server/run-tests.sh` and the meshtastic MCP tools. Each one has a twin in `.github/prompts/` for Copilot users.
| Slash command | What it does | Copilot equivalent |
| `/test [args]` | Runs the test suite (auto-detects hardware) and interprets failures | `.github/prompts/mcp-test.prompt.md` |
| `/diagnose [role]` | Read-only device health report via the meshtastic MCP tools | `.github/prompts/mcp-diagnose.prompt.md` |
| `/repro <test> [n=5]` | Re-runs one test N times, diffs firmware logs between passes and failures | `.github/prompts/mcp-repro.prompt.md` |
## Why two surfaces
The Claude Code commands and Copilot prompts cover the same three workflows but each speaks its host's idiom:
- **Claude Code** (`/test`) uses `$ARGUMENTS` for pass-through, has direct access to Bash + all MCP tools registered in the user's settings, and runs in the terminal context.
- **Copilot** (`/mcp-test`) runs in VS Code's agent mode; it has terminal + MCP access too but typically asks the operator to confirm inputs interactively.
A contributor using either IDE gets equivalent assistance. Keep the two in sync when behavior changes — the diff of intent should be minimal.
## House rules
- **No destructive writes without explicit operator approval.** Skills that could reflash, factory-reset, or reboot a device must describe the action and stop — the operator authorizes.
- **Interpret failures, don't just echo them.** The skill body should pull firmware log lines from `mcp-server/tests/report.html` (the `Meshtastic debug` section, attached by `tests/conftest.py::pytest_runtest_makereport`) and classify the failure.
- **Keep MCP tool calls sequential per port.** SerialInterface holds an exclusive port lock; two parallel tool calls on the same port deadlock.
- **Never speculate about root cause.** If the evidence doesn't support a classification, say "unknown" and list what you'd need to disambiguate.
## Adding a new command
1. Write the Claude Code version at `.claude/commands/<name>.md` with YAML frontmatter:
```yaml
---
description: one-line purpose (used for auto-invocation by the model)
argument-hint: [optional-hint]
---
```
2. Write the Copilot equivalent at `.github/prompts/mcp-<name>.prompt.md` with:
```yaml
---
mode: agent
description: ...
---
```
3. Add the row to the table above. Cross-link in both bodies.
4. Smoke-test on Claude Code first (`/<name>` should appear in autocomplete), then in VS Code Copilot (`/mcp-<name>` in Chat).
description:Produce a device health report using the meshtastic MCP tools (device_info, list_nodes, get_config, short serial log capture)
argument-hint:[role=all|nrf52|esp32s3|<port>]
---
# `/diagnose` — device health report
Call the meshtastic MCP tool bundle and format a structured health report for one or all detected devices. Zero guesswork for the operator.
## What to do
1.**Enumerate hardware.** Call `mcp__meshtastic__list_devices(include_unknown=True)`. For each entry where `likely_meshtastic=True`, capture `port`, `vid`, `pid`, `description`.
2.**Filter by `$ARGUMENTS`**:
- No args, `all` → every likely-meshtastic device.
-`nrf52` → only devices with `vid == 0x239a`.
-`esp32s3` → only devices with `vid == 0x303a` or `vid == 0x10c4`.
- A `/dev/cu.*` path → only that one port.
- Anything else → treat as a substring match against the `port` string.
3.**For each selected device, in sequence (NOT parallel — SerialInterface holds an exclusive port lock):**
- Optionally, if the device seems unhappy (fails to connect, `num_nodes==1` when ≥2 are plugged in, missing firmware*version), open a short firmware log window: `mcp__meshtastic__serial_open(port=<p>, env=<inferred-env>)`, wait 3s, `serial_read(session_id=<s>, max_lines=100)`, `serial_close(session_id=<s>)`. The env should be inferred from the VID map in `mcp-server/run-tests.sh` (nrf52 → rak4631, esp32s3 → heltec-v3) unless `MESHTASTIC_MCP_ENV*<ROLE>` is set.
4.**Hub health** (call once, not per-device): `mcp__meshtastic__uhubctl_list()` — enumerates every USB hub the host can see. Note which hubs advertise `ppps=true` and which hub hosts each Meshtastic device (cross-reference by VID). Flag it in the report if:
- No hub advertises PPPS → `tests/recovery/` can't run on this setup; hard-recovery via `uhubctl_cycle` isn't available.
- A Meshtastic device is on a non-PPPS hub → note it; operator may want to move the device to a PPPS hub to unlock auto-recovery.
-`uhubctl_list` raises `ConfigError: uhubctl not found` → just say `uhubctl not installed` in the report; don't treat as a fault.
firmware : no panics in last 3s; NodeInfoModule emitted 2 broadcasts
```
Keep it scannable. If a field is missing or abnormal (no pubkey for a known peer, region=UNSET, num_nodes inconsistent with the hub, device on non-PPPS hub), flag it inline with a short `⚠︎ <one-line reason>`.
6. **Cross-device correlation** (only when >1 device is inspected):
- Do both sides see each other in `nodesByNum`? If one does and the other doesn't, that's asymmetric NodeInfo — flag it.
- Do the LoRa configs match? (region, channel_num, modem_preset should all agree; mismatch = no mesh)
- Do the primary channel NAMES match? Mismatch = different PSK = no decode.
7. **Suggest next actions only for specific, recognisable failure modes**:
- Stale PKI pubkey one-way → "run `/test tests/mesh/test_direct_with_ack.py` — the retry + nodeinfo-ping heals this in the test path."
- Region mismatch → "re-bake one side via `./mcp-server/run-tests.sh --force-bake`."
- Device unreachable, reachable via DFU → `touch_1200bps(port=...)` + `pio_flash`. If not even DFU responds AND the device is on a PPPS hub, escalate to `uhubctl_cycle(role=..., confirm=True)`.
- CP2102-wedged-driver on macOS → see the note in `run-tests.sh`.
## What NOT to do
- No writes. No `set_config`, no `reboot`, no `factory_reset`. This is a read-only diagnostic skill — if the operator wants to change state, they'll ask explicitly.
- No `flash` / `erase_and_flash`. Those are separate escalations.
- No holding SerialInterface across tool calls — open, query, close; next device. The port lock is exclusive.
description:Re-run a specific test N times in isolation to triage flakes, diff firmware logs between passes and failures
argument-hint:<test-node-id> [count=5]
---
# `/repro` — flakiness triage for one test
Re-run a single pytest node ID N times in isolation, track pass rate, and surface what's _different_ in the firmware logs between the passing attempts and the failing ones. Turns "it's flaky, I guess" into "it fails when X, passes when Y."
## What to do
1.**Parse `$ARGUMENTS`**: first token is the pytest node id (e.g. `tests/mesh/test_direct_with_ack.py::test_direct_with_ack_roundtrip[nrf52->esp32s3]`); second token is an integer count (default `5`, cap at `20`). If the first token doesn't look like a test path (no `::` and no `tests/` prefix), treat the whole `$ARGUMENTS` as a `-k` filter instead.
2.**Sanity-check the hub first** (so we're not measuring "nothing plugged in" N times): call `mcp__meshtastic__list_devices`. If the test name contains `nrf52` or `esp32s3` and the matching VID isn't present, stop and report — re-running won't help.
Capture: exit code, duration, and (on failure) the `Meshtastic debug` firmware log section from `mcp-server/tests/report.html`. `-p no:cacheprovider` suppresses pytest's `.pytest_cache` writes so iterations don't influence each other.
5. **On mixed outcomes**: diff the firmware log tails between a representative passing attempt and a representative failing attempt. Focus on:
- Error-level lines only present in failures (`PKI_UNKNOWN_PUBKEY`, `Alloc an err=`, `Skip send`, `No suitable channel`)
- Timing around the assertion event — did a broadcast go out, was there an ACK, did NAK fire?
- Device state fields that changed (nodesByNum entries, region/preset, channel_num)
Surface the top 3 differences as a "passes when / fails when" table. Don't dump full logs — pull specific lines with uptime timestamps.
6. **Classify the flake** into one of:
- **LoRa airtime collision** → pass rate improves with fewer concurrent transmitters; propose a `time.sleep` gap or retry bump in the test body.
- **PKI key staleness** → fails on first attempt, passes after self-heal; existing retry loop in `test_direct_with_ack.py` handles this.
- **NodeInfo cooldown** → `Skip send NodeInfo since we sent it <600s ago` in fail-only logs; needs `broadcast_nodeinfo_ping()` warmup.
- **Hardware-specific** (one direction fails, other passes; one device's firmware is older; driver wedged) → specific recovery pointer. For a device that's wedged past `touch_1200bps`, the next escalation is `uhubctl_cycle(role=..., confirm=True)` to hard-power-cycle its hub port (requires `uhubctl` installed).
- **Device went dark mid-run** → fails from some attempt onward, never recovers, firmware log stops arriving. Almost always hardware: a Guru crash + frozen CDC. Hard-power-cycle via `uhubctl_cycle(role=..., confirm=True)` before the next iteration; if that also fails, escalate to replug.
- **Genuinely unknown** → say so; don't invent a root cause.
7. **Report back** with:
- Pass rate and mean duration.
- Classification + evidence (the specific log lines that support it).
- A suggested next step (re-run with specific args, open `/diagnose`, edit a specific test file, nothing).
- `/repro broadcast_delivers` — no `::`, no `tests/`, so interpreted as `-k broadcast_delivers`; runs every matching test the default 5 times.
- `/repro tests/telemetry/test_device_telemetry_broadcast.py 3` — shorter run for a slow test.
## Constraints
- Don't exceed `count=20` per invocation — airtime and USB wear add up. If the user asks for 50, negotiate down.
- Don't rebuild firmware as part of triage; flakes that only reproduce under different firmware belong in a separate session.
- If the FIRST attempt fails AND the rest all pass, that's a classic "state leak from a prior test" → say so and suggest running with `--force-bake` or starting from a clean state rather than chasing the first failure.
description:Run the mcp-server test suite (auto-detects devices) and interpret the results
argument-hint:[pytest-args]
---
# `/test` — mcp-server test runner with interpretation
Run `mcp-server/run-tests.sh` and make sense of the output so the operator doesn't have to.
## What to do
1.**Invoke the wrapper.** From the firmware repo root, run:
```bash
./mcp-server/run-tests.sh $ARGUMENTS
```
The wrapper auto-detects connected Meshtastic devices, maps each to its PlatformIO env, exports the required `MESHTASTIC_MCP_ENV_*` env vars, and invokes pytest. If the user passed no arguments, the wrapper supplies a sensible default set (`tests/ --html=tests/report.html --self-contained-html --junitxml=tests/junit.xml -v --tb=short`). A `--report-log=tests/reportlog.jsonl` arg is always appended (unless the operator passed their own). `--assume-baked` is deliberately NOT in the defaults — `test_00_bake.py` has its own skip-if-already-baked check and runs the ~8 s verification by default. Operators can opt into the fast path with `--assume-baked`, or force a reflash with `--force-bake`.
2. **Read the pre-flight header.** First ~6 lines print the detected hub (role → port → env). If that line reads `detected hub : (none)`, the wrapper will narrow to `tests/unit` only — say so explicitly in your summary so the operator knows hardware tiers were skipped.
3. **On pass**: one-line summary of the form `N passed, M skipped in <duration>`. Don't enumerate the test names — the user can read those. Do mention any SKIPPED tests and name the cause:
- `"role not present on hub"` → device unplugged; operator knows to reconnect.
- `"firmware not baked with USERPREFS_UI_TEST_LOG"` → tests/ui skipped because the macro isn't in firmware yet; suggest `--force-bake`.
- `"no PPPS-capable hubs detected"` → tests/recovery skipped because the hub doesn't support per-port power; the tier will never run on that setup.
- `"opencv-python-headless is not installed"` → tests/ui auto-deselected by run-tests.sh; suggest `pip install -e 'mcp-server/.[ui]'`.
4. **On failure**: for every FAILED test, open `mcp-server/tests/report.html` and extract the `Meshtastic debug` section for that test. pytest-html embeds the firmware log stream + device state dump there; the 200-line firmware log tail is usually enough to explain the failure. Summarise: which test, one-line assertion message, the firmware log lines that matter (things like `PKI_UNKNOWN_PUBKEY`, `Skip send NodeInfo`, `Error=`, `Guru Meditation`, `assertion failed`). For UI-tier failures also glance at `mcp-server/tests/ui_captures/<session>/<test>/transcript.md` — it records each step's frame + OCR.
- **Environmental**: device unreachable, port busy, CP2102 driver wedged. Suggest the specific recovery in escalation order: (a) replug USB, (b) `touch_1200bps(port=...)` + `pio_flash` for nRF52 DFU, (c) `uhubctl_cycle(role="nrf52", confirm=True)` when a device is fully wedged past DFU (needs `uhubctl` installed — `baked_single`'s auto-recovery hook does this once automatically). Also check `git status userPrefs.jsonc`.
- **Regression**: same assertion fails repeatedly, firmware log shows a new/unusual error. Surface the diff between expected and observed, identify the module likely responsible.
6. **Never run destructive recovery automatically.** If a failure looks like it needs a reflash, factory*reset, `uhubctl_cycle`, or USB replug, \_describe what to do* — don't execute. The operator decides.
## Arguments handling
- No args → wrapper's defaults (full suite).
- `$ARGUMENTS` passed verbatim to the wrapper, which passes them to pytest.
- The session fixture snapshots `userPrefs.jsonc` at session start and restores at teardown (plus on `atexit`). After a clean run, `git status userPrefs.jsonc` should be empty. If the wrapper's pre-flight printed a warning about a stale sidecar, call that out — means a prior session crashed.
- `mcp-server/tests/report.html` and `junit.xml` are regenerated on every run; the HTML is self-contained (shareable).
@@ -4,11 +4,11 @@ This document provides context and guidelines for AI assistants working with the
## Project Overview
Meshtastic is an open-source LoRa mesh networking project for long-range, low-power communication without relying on internet or cellular infrastructure. The firmware enables text messaging, location sharing, and telemetry over a decentralized mesh network.
Meshtastic is an open-source LoRa mesh networking project for long-range, low-power communication without relying on internet or cellular infrastructure. The firmware enables text messaging, location sharing, and telemetry over a decentralized mesh network. The project uses **C++17** as its language standard across all platforms.
### Supported Hardware Platforms
- **ESP32** (ESP32, ESP32-S3, ESP32-C3) - Most common platform
- **ESP32** (ESP32, ESP32-S3, ESP32-C3, ESP32-C6) - Most common platform
- **nRF52** (nRF52840, nRF52833) - Low power Nordic chips
- **RP2040/RP2350** - Raspberry Pi Pico variants
- **STM32WL** - STM32 with integrated LoRa
@@ -70,6 +70,70 @@ PKI (Public Key Infrastructure) messages have special handling:
- Accepted on a special "PKI" channel
- Allow encrypted DMs between nodes that discovered each other on downlink-enabled channels
## Encryption & Key Management
Meshtastic packets on the air are typically encrypted one of two ways: the **per-channel symmetric** layer (AES-CTR with a shared PSK) for broadcasts and channel traffic, and the **per-peer PKI** layer (X25519 ECDH → AES-256-CCM) for direct messages and remote admin. A channel with a 0-byte PSK (or Ham mode, which wipes PSKs) transmits cleartext — see the size table below. Both are implemented in `src/mesh/CryptoEngine.cpp`; the send/receive dispatch lives in `src/mesh/Router.cpp`; admin authorization lives in `src/modules/AdminModule.cpp`.
### High-level model
- **Channels** are symmetric rooms: anyone with the PSK can read any message on the channel. Channel 0 is the "primary" channel and ships with the short-form default PSK on factory devices, forming the public mesh most users join. (The LoRa modem preset `LONG_FAST` lives on `config.lora.modem_preset` and is an independent field — don't conflate "channel 0 default PSK" with the modem preset name.)
- **DMs** addressed to a single node require PKI so that other holders of the channel PSK can't read them. Outside Ham mode, Meshtastic does not fall back to channel-symmetric encryption when the destination public key is unknown.
- **Remote admin** is a DM carrying an `AdminMessage`. The receiver only acts on it if the sender's public key is on its allowlist (`config.security.admin_key[0..2]`).
- **Ham mode** (`owner.is_licensed=true`, where `owner` is the local `meshtastic_User` record) disables PKI entirely and sends cleartext — FCC Part 97 prohibits encryption on amateur bands.
- **No ratchet, no session.** Every packet is encrypted from scratch — a stateless design that matches the high-loss, store-and-forward nature of LoRa.
### Symmetric channel encryption (AES-CTR)
`CryptoEngine::encryptPacket` / `decrypt` / `encryptAESCtr` in `src/mesh/CryptoEngine.cpp`.
- **Cipher**: AES-CTR, AES-128 or AES-256 depending on key length. Same routine in both directions (CTR is a stream cipher, so encrypt == decrypt).
- **0 bytes** → no encryption, cleartext on the air
- **1 byte** → short-form index into the well-known `defaultpsk[]` in `src/mesh/Channels.h`. Index 0 = cleartext; 1 = defaultpsk unchanged; 2..255 = defaultpsk with its last byte incremented by (index − 1). This is what the CLI's `--ch-set psk default` produces.
- **16 bytes** → raw AES-128 key
- **32 bytes** → raw AES-256 key
- **2..15 bytes** → zero-padded to 16 and used as AES-128 (with a warn log); **17..31 bytes** → zero-padded to 32 and used as AES-256 (with a warn log). Defensive fallback for malformed PSK input, not something to rely on.
- **Nonce (128 bit)**: `packet_id` (u64 LE) ‖ `from_node` (u32 LE) ‖ `block_counter` (u32, starts at 0). Built in `CryptoEngine::initNonce`.
- **No AEAD**: channel packets carry no MAC, so the channel-hash byte is not an integrity or authenticity check. `Channels::getHash` is a 1-byte XOR-derived hint over the channel name bytes and PSK bytes that helps receivers pick a candidate channel/PSK for decryption. Because it is only a small hint and collisions are easy to find, it should be described purely as a PSK-selection aid, not as a security filter an attacker cannot bypass.
- **Channel 0 is special in one way only**: it's the channel the Router attempts PKI decryption on before falling through to AES-CTR. Non-zero channels always go straight to AES-CTR.
### PKI encryption for DMs (X25519 ECDH + AES-256-CCM)
`CryptoEngine::encryptCurve25519` / `decryptCurve25519` in `src/mesh/CryptoEngine.cpp`.
- **Keypair**: Curve25519 (aka X25519), 32-byte public + 32-byte private. Stored in `config.security.public_key` / `private_key`; the public half is mirrored into `owner.public_key` so it rides along in NodeInfo broadcasts and propagates through the mesh like any other identity field.
- **Key generation** (`generateKeyPair`): stirs `HardwareRNG::fill()` (64 B from platform TRNG when available), the 16-byte `myNodeInfo.device_id`, and a call to `random()` into the rweather/Crypto library's software RNG, then `Curve25519::dh1`. `regeneratePublicKey` recomputes the public half from a known private (used when restoring from backup).
- **Keygen entry points**: at boot, `NodeDB` calls `generateKeyPair` (or `regeneratePublicKey` when a stored private key is present and passes a low-entropy check) **directly** when `!owner.is_licensed` and `config.lora.region != UNSET`. `ensurePkiKeys` wraps the same logic for runtime/admin flows — it's the path `AdminModule::handleSetConfig` runs when first assigning a valid region or when security config is written; **do not assume it's the universal boot-time gate**, because the NodeDB path bypasses it.
- **Handshake**: `Curve25519::dh2(local_private, remote_public) → 32-byte shared secret → SHA-256 → 32-byte AES-256 key`. Recomputed per packet. The SHA-256 step is effectively a KDF over the raw ECDH output.
- **Cipher**: AES-256-CCM via `aes_ccm_ae` / `aes_ccm_ad` (`src/mesh/aes-ccm.cpp`). MAC length (the `M` parameter) is **8 bytes**. No AAD — the MAC covers ciphertext only.
- **Nonce (13 bytes / 104 bit)**: `aes_ccm_ae`/`aes_ccm_ad` use a 13-byte CCM nonce (`L = 2` is hardcoded in `src/mesh/aes-ccm.cpp`), not a 16-byte nonce. For PKI packets, `CryptoEngine::initNonce(fromNode, packetNum, extraNonce)` starts from the usual packet-derived nonce material, then overwrites nonce bytes `4..7` with a fresh 32-bit `extraNonce = random()`. The effective nonce bytes are therefore: bytes `0..3` = `packet_id`, bytes `4..7` = transmitted `extraNonce`, bytes `8..11` = `from_node`, byte `12` = `0x00`. The receiver reconstructs the same 13-byte nonce from the packet metadata plus the appended `extraNonce`.
- **Wire overhead**: 12 bytes appended to the ciphertext = 8-byte MAC ‖ 4-byte extraNonce. Defined as `MESHTASTIC_PKC_OVERHEAD = 12` in `src/mesh/RadioInterface.h`. Only the 4-byte `extraNonce` is sent; the rest of the 13-byte CCM nonce is reconstructed from packet fields as described above. The Router's send path checks this overhead against `MAX_LORA_PAYLOAD_LEN` before committing to PKI.
- **Send selection** (`Router::send`): the sender enters the PKI path when **all** hold — we're the originator AND not Ham mode AND not Portduino simradio AND not on the `serial`/`gpio` channels (unless the packet is already marked `pki_encrypted`) AND `config.security.private_key.size == 32` AND destination is a single node (not broadcast) AND the portnum isn't infrastructure. `TRACEROUTE_APP`, `NODEINFO_APP`, `ROUTING_APP`, and `POSITION_APP` are routed through channel encryption even when DMed (these need to be readable by relaying peers). Once on the PKI path, if the destination's public key isn't in our NodeDB the send **fails** with `PKI_SEND_FAIL_PUBLIC_KEY` — it does not silently fall back to channel encryption. If the client explicitly set `pki_encrypted=true` and any condition blocks PKI, the send fails with `PKI_FAILED`.
- **Receive selection** (`Router::perhapsDecode`): try PKI decrypt first when `channel == 0` AND `isToUs(p)` AND not broadcast AND both peers have public keys in NodeDB AND `rawSize > MESHTASTIC_PKC_OVERHEAD`. On success the packet gets `pki_encrypted=true` stamped and the sender's public key copied into `p->public_key` for downstream authorization.
### Remote admin authorization
Implemented in `src/modules/AdminModule.cpp` → `handleReceivedProtobuf`. The authorization check runs in this order:
1.**Response messages** — if `messageIsResponse(r)` is true (the payload is a response to one of our earlier admin requests), it's accepted without any further check. The in-file comment flags this as a known-untightened gap: a stricter implementation would remember which `public_key` we last queried and reject responses that don't match.
2.**Local admin** — `mp.from == 0` (phone app over BLE, serial CLI, internal module); never travels over the air. **Rejected** if `config.security.is_managed` is true, because managed devices expect admin to arrive over the air through an authorized remote path.
3.**Legacy admin channel (deprecated)** — the packet arrived on a channel named literally `"admin"`. Gated by `config.security.admin_channel_enabled`; returns `NOT_AUTHORIZED` if the flag is false. Kept for backward compatibility; new deployments should use PKI admin.
4.**PKI admin (preferred for remote)** — `mp.pki_encrypted == true` AND `mp.public_key` matches one of `config.security.admin_key[0..2]` (up to three authorized 32-byte Curve25519 public keys, typically copied from the admin node's own `user.public_key`).
5.**Fallthrough** → `NOT_AUTHORIZED`.
On top of authorization, any remote admin message that **mutates** state (not a request, not a response) also has to pass a session-key check (`checkPassKey`): the client must first pull a fresh 8-byte `session_passkey` via `get_admin_session_key_request`, then echo that passkey back in the mutating message. The device rotates the passkey after 150 s and rejects values older than 300 s — a narrow anti-replay window on top of the PKI layer.
`config.security.is_managed = true` disables **local** admin writes (`mp.from == 0` is rejected). It does not by itself force every admin action through PKI — the legacy `"admin"` channel still authorizes remote admin when `config.security.admin_channel_enabled == true`. The AdminModule refuses to persist `is_managed=true` unless at least one `admin_key` is populated — a deliberate guard against operators locking themselves out.
### Key-rotation hazards (actions that invalidate peers)
- **`factory_reset_device`** (the "full" variant, calls `NodeDB::factoryReset(eraseBleBonds=true)`) → **wipes** the X25519 private key; a fresh keypair is generated on the next region-set. Every existing peer holds the old public key, so DMs to this node silently fail PKI decrypt until every peer re-exchanges NodeInfo.
- **`factory_reset_config`** (the "partial" variant, calls `NodeDB::factoryReset()` with `eraseBleBonds=false`) → **preserves** the X25519 private key in `installDefaultConfig(preserveKey=true)`; the public key is zeroed and gets rebuilt from the preserved private key on the next boot via the NodeDB path's `regeneratePublicKey` call. Identity is preserved and the mesh does not need to re-exchange keys.
- **`region=UNSET → valid region`** → `ensurePkiKeys` runs inside the same `handleSetConfig` path; missing keys get generated at that moment.
- **Ham mode transitions** — entering Ham mode (`user.is_licensed=true`) runs `Channels::ensureLicensedOperation`, which **wipes every channel PSK** (all traffic becomes cleartext) and disables the legacy admin channel. The X25519 private key is preserved on the device but not used because `Router::send` skips PKI when `owner.is_licensed` is true. Leaving Ham mode re-enables PKI with the preserved keypair but does not restore the wiped channel PSKs — the operator has to re-set them.
- **Channel 0 PSK change** → every peer must re-learn the channel hash; cached NodeInfo becomes temporarily unreachable until the next broadcast.
- **`security.private_key` blanked via admin** → regenerates both halves (unless in Ham mode) and propagates the new public key via NodeInfo.
-`Default::getConfiguredOrDefaultMsScaled(configured, default, numNodes)` - Scales based on network size
#### Thread Safety
- Use `concurrency::Lock` for mutex protection
- Use `concurrency::Lock` and `concurrency::LockGuard` for mutex protection
- Radio SPI access uses `SPILock`
- Prefer `OSThread` for background tasks
### Hardware Detection
`src/detect/ScanI2C` automatically enumerates 80+ I2C device types at boot including displays, sensors, RTCs, keyboards, PMUs, and touch controllers. This drives automatic initialization of the correct drivers.
### Graphics/UI System
Multiple display driver families in `src/graphics/`:
- Read-only, static display optimized for minimal refreshes and low power
- Configured per-variant via `nicheGraphics.h`
- Separate PlatformIO config: `src/graphics/niche/InkHUD/PlatformioConfig.ini`
### Input System
`src/input/InputBroker` is the centralized input event dispatcher. Supports multiple input sources: buttons, keyboards (BBQ10, Cardputer, TCA8418), touch screens, rotary encoders, and matrix keyboards.
### Power Management
`src/PowerFSM.*` implements a finite state machine with states: `stateON`, `statePOWER`, `stateSERIAL`, `stateDARK`. Key events: `EVENT_PRESS`, `EVENT_WAKE_TIMER`, `EVENT_LOW_BATTERY`, `EVENT_RECEIVED_MSG`, `EVENT_SHUTDOWN`. Conditionally excluded with `MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_POWER_FSM` (falls back to `FakeFsm`).
### Motion Sensors
`src/motion/AccelerometerThread` provides background motion monitoring with automatic screen wake and double-tap button press detection. Supports 10+ accelerometer/gyroscope chips (BMA423, BMI270, MPU6050, LIS3DH, LSM6DS3, STK8XXX, QMA6100P, ICM20948, BMX160).
### Telemetry Sensor Library
`src/modules/Telemetry/Sensor/` contains 50+ I2C sensor drivers organized by category:
`src/mesh/api/` provides a template-based `ServerAPI` for client communication over WiFi (`WiFiServerAPI`) and Ethernet (`ethServerAPI`). Default port: **4403**. HTTP server in `src/mesh/http/`. JSON serialization in `src/serialization/MeshPacketSerializer`.
### Hardware Variants
Each hardware variant has:
-`variant.h` - Pin definitions and hardware capabilities
Separate pytest suite that exercises real USB-connected Meshtastic devices. See the **MCP Server & Hardware Test Harness** section below for invocation, tier layout, and agent usage rules.
## MCP Server & Hardware Test Harness
The `mcp-server/` directory houses a firmware-aware [MCP](https://modelcontextprotocol.io/) server plus a pytest-based integration suite. AI agents that speak MCP get a well-defined tool surface for flashing, configuring, and inspecting physical Meshtastic devices — use it instead of hand-rolling `pio` or `meshtastic --port` calls where possible. `mcp-server/README.md` is the operator-facing setup doc; this section is the agent-facing usage contract.
The repo registers the server via `.mcp.json` at the repo root — Claude Code picks it up automatically once `mcp-server/.venv/` is built (`cd mcp-server && python3 -m venv .venv && .venv/bin/pip install -e '.[test]'`).
| Run the regression suite | `./mcp-server/run-tests.sh` (or `/test` slash command) |
| Diagnose a specific device | `/diagnose [role]` slash command (read-only) |
| Triage a flaky test | `/repro <node-id> [count]` slash command |
**One MCP call per port at a time.**`SerialInterface` holds an exclusive OS-level lock on the serial port for its lifetime. If a `serial_*` session is open on `/dev/cu.usbmodem101`, calling `device_info` on the same port will fail fast pointing at the active session. Sequence calls: open → read/mutate → close, then next device. Never parallelize tool calls on the same port.
### MCP tool surface (43 tools)
Grouped by purpose. Full argument shapes in `mcp-server/README.md`; a few high-value signatures are called out here.
- **USB power control** (via `uhubctl`, per-port PPPS toggle): `uhubctl_list` (read-only), `uhubctl_power(action='on'|'off', confirm=True)`, `uhubctl_cycle(delay_s, confirm=True)`. Target by raw `(location, port)` or by `role` (`"nrf52"`, `"esp32s3"`); role lookup checks `MESHTASTIC_UHUBCTL_LOCATION_<ROLE>` + `_PORT_<ROLE>` env vars first, falls back to VID auto-detection.
- **Observability** (UI tier + operator ad-hoc): `capture_screen(role, ocr=True)` — grabs a USB-webcam frame of the device OLED and optionally OCRs it. Requires `mcp-server[ui]` extras (`opencv-python-headless`, `easyocr`) and `MESHTASTIC_UI_CAMERA_DEVICE_<ROLE>` env var; falls through to a 1×1 black PNG `NullBackend` when unconfigured.
`confirm=True` is a tool-level gate on top of whatever permission prompt your MCP host shows. **Don't bypass it** by asking the host to auto-approve — it exists specifically because MCP hosts sometimes remember "always allow this tool" and that's dangerous for `factory_reset`, `erase_and_flash`, `uhubctl_power(action='off')`, and `uhubctl_cycle`.
### Hardware test suite (`mcp-server/run-tests.sh`)
The wrapper auto-detects connected devices (VID → role map: `0x239A` → `nrf52`, `0x303A`/`0x10C4` → `esp32s3`), maps each role to a PlatformIO env (`nrf52` → `rak4631`, `esp32s3` → `heltec-v3`, overridable via `MESHTASTIC_MCP_ENV_<ROLE>`), then invokes pytest. Zero pre-flight config needed from the operator.
Suite tiers (collected + run in this order via `pytest_collection_modifyitems`):
1.`tests/unit/` — pure Python (boards parse, pio wrapper, userPrefs parse, testing profile, uhubctl parser). No hardware.
2.`tests/test_00_bake.py` — flashes each detected device with current `userPrefs.jsonc` merged with the session's test profile. Has its own skip-if-already-baked check comparing region + primary channel to the session profile; skips cheaply on warm devices.
3.`tests/mesh/` — multi-device mesh: bidirectional send, broadcast delivery, direct-with-ACK, mesh formation within 60s. Parametrized `[nrf52->esp32s3]` and `[esp32s3->nrf52]`. Includes `test_peer_offline_recovery` which uses uhubctl to physically power off one peer mid-conversation (requires uhubctl; skips without).
6.`tests/recovery/` — `uhubctl` power-cycle round-trip + NVS persistence across hard reset. Requires `uhubctl` installed and a PPPS-capable hub; entire tier auto-skips otherwise.
7.`tests/ui/` — input-broker-driven screen navigation with camera + OCR evidence.
8.`tests/fleet/` — PSK seed session isolation.
9.`tests/admin/` — channel URL roundtrip, owner persistence across reboot.
10.`tests/provisioning/` — region + modem + slot bake, admin key presence, `UNSET` region blocks TX, userPrefs survive factory reset.
Invocation patterns:
```bash
./mcp-server/run-tests.sh # full suite (auto-bake-if-needed)
./mcp-server/run-tests.sh --force-bake # reflash before testing
./mcp-server/run-tests.sh --assume-baked # skip bake (caller vouches for device state)
./mcp-server/run-tests.sh tests/mesh # one tier
./mcp-server/run-tests.sh tests/mesh/test_direct_with_ack.py # one file
./mcp-server/run-tests.sh -k telemetry # name filter
```
**No hardware detected?** The wrapper auto-narrows to `tests/unit/` only and prints `detected hub : (none)` in the pre-flight header. Agents interpreting the output should call this out explicitly — a 52-test green run without hardware is qualitatively different from a 12-unit-test green run.
**Artifacts every run produces:**
-`mcp-server/tests/report.html` — self-contained pytest-html. Each test gets a `Meshtastic debug` section with the tail of firmware log + device state dump. **Open this first** on failures; it's the canonical evidence source.
-`mcp-server/tests/junit.xml` — CI-parseable.
-`mcp-server/tests/reportlog.jsonl` — pytest-reportlog stream (`$report_type` keyed JSONL). Consumed by the live TUI.
-`mcp-server/tests/fwlog.jsonl` — firmware log mirror from the `meshtastic.log.line` pubsub topic. Populated by the `_firmware_log_stream` autouse session fixture.
### Live TUI (`meshtastic-mcp-test-tui`)
A Textual-based live view that wraps `run-tests.sh`. Tails reportlog for per-test state, streams firmware logs, polls device state at startup + post-run (gated out of the active run because `hub_devices` holds exclusive port locks). Key bindings:
.venv/bin/meshtastic-mcp-test-tui tests/mesh # args pass through to pytest
```
The plain CLI stays primary; the TUI is for operators who want a live dashboard. Both consume the same `run-tests.sh`.
### Slash commands (Claude Code + Copilot)
Three AI-assisted workflows wrap the test harness. Claude Code operators get `/test`, `/diagnose`, `/repro`; Copilot operators get `/mcp-test`, `/mcp-diagnose`, `/mcp-repro`. Bodies:
- **Interpret failures, don't just echo them.** Pull firmware log tails from `report.html` and classify each failure as transient / environmental / regression. Use the exact format in `.claude/commands/test.md`.
- **No destructive writes without operator approval.** Any skill that could reflash, factory-reset, or reboot a device must describe the action and stop. The operator authorizes.
- **Sequential MCP calls per port.** See above.
- **"Unknown" is a valid classification.** If evidence doesn't support a root cause, say so and list what would disambiguate. Do not invent.
- **`_session_userprefs`** (autouse session) — snapshots `userPrefs.jsonc` at session start, merges the session test profile via `userprefs.merge_active(test_profile)`, restores at teardown. Four layers of safety: pytest teardown + `atexit` + sidecar file (`userPrefs.jsonc.mcp-session-bak`) + startup self-heal in `run-tests.sh`. **Do not edit `userPrefs.jsonc` from inside a test.**
- **`_firmware_log_stream`** (autouse session) — subscribes to `meshtastic.log.line` pubsub on every connected `SerialInterface` and mirrors lines to `tests/fwlog.jsonl`. Drives the TUI firmware-log pane.
- **`_debug_log_buffer`** (autouse per-test) — captures last 200 firmware log lines + device state for attachment to the pytest-html `Meshtastic debug` section on failure.
- **`hub_devices`** (session) — `dict[role, SerialInterface]` with session-long exclusive port locks. Reason the TUI's device poller is gated to startup + post-run only.
- **`baked_mesh`** — parametrized mesh-pair fixture; depends on `test_00_bake`. `pytest_generate_tests` in `conftest.py` auto-generates `[nrf52->esp32s3]` and `[esp32s3->nrf52]` variants.
- **`test_profile`** — session-scoped dict: region, primary channel, admin key, PSK seed. Derived from `MESHTASTIC_MCP_SEED` (defaults to `mcp-<user>-<host>`).
### Firmware integration points tied to the test harness
Two firmware changes exist specifically so the test harness works reliably. **Keep these in mind when touching related code.**
- **`src/mesh/StreamAPI.cpp` + `StreamAPI.h`** — `emitLogRecord` uses a dedicated `fromRadioScratchLog` + `txBufLog` pair and a `concurrency::Lock streamLock`. Before this fix, `debug_log_api_enabled=true` would tear `FromRadio` protobufs on the serial transport because `emitTxBuffer` and `emitLogRecord` shared a single scratch buffer. The conftest enables the log stream session-wide; without this fix the device would corrupt its own FromRadio replies mid-session.
- **`src/mesh/PhoneAPI.cpp`** — `ToRadio``Heartbeat(nonce=1)` triggers `nodeInfoModule->sendOurNodeInfo(NODENUM_BROADCAST, true, 0, true)` for serial clients, mirroring the pre-existing behavior for TCP/UDP clients in `PacketAPI.cpp`. The mesh tests rely on this to force a NodeInfo broadcast right after connect so the peer discovers them before the test's first assertion.
If you're modifying `StreamAPI`, `PhoneAPI`, `NodeInfoModule`, or `userPrefs` flow, run `./mcp-server/run-tests.sh` at minimum before asking for review.
| `userPrefs.jsonc` dirty after test run | `git status --porcelain userPrefs.jsonc` | If non-empty, re-run `./mcp-server/run-tests.sh` once — the pre-flight self-heal restores from sidecar. If still dirty, `git checkout userPrefs.jsonc`. |
| Port busy / wedged CP2102 on macOS | `lsof /dev/cu.usbserial-0001` | Kill the holder. USB replug if the kernel still reports busy. Often a stale `pio device monitor` or zombie `meshtastic_mcp` process. |
| nRF52 appears unresponsive | `list_devices` shows VID `0x239A` but `device_info` times out | `touch_1200bps(port=...)` drops it into the DFU bootloader → `pio_flash` re-installs. |
| Device fully wedged (Guru Meditation, frozen CDC, no DFU) | `list_devices` shows the VID but every admin call times out | `uhubctl_cycle(role="nrf52", confirm=True)` hard-power-cycles the port via USB hub PPPS. `baked_single`'s auto-recovery hook does this once automatically if uhubctl is installed. Falls back to physical replug if no PPPS hub. |
| Multiple MCP server processes | `ps aux \| grep meshtastic_mcp` shows >1 | Kill all but the one your MCP host spawned. Zombies hold ports and break tests. |
| Mesh formation fails, one side sees peer but other doesn't | `/diagnose` (or `list_nodes` on both sides) | Asymmetric NodeInfo. `test_direct_with_ack` has a heal path; `/repro` it a few times. If persistent, both devices' clocks may be out of sync with their NodeInfo cooldown. |
| "role not present on hub" in skip reasons | `list_devices` | Expected if a device is unplugged. Reconnect before re-running the tier. |
| Entire `tests/recovery/` tier skipped | `command -v uhubctl` | Expected if `uhubctl` isn't on PATH. Install via `brew install uhubctl` (macOS) or `apt install uhubctl` (Debian/Ubuntu). Also skips if no hub advertises PPPS. |
| Entire `tests/ui/` tier skipped ("firmware not baked with USERPREFS_UI_TEST_LOG") | reportlog.jsonl for the skip reason | Re-run with `--force-bake` so the UI-log macro gets compiled into the fresh firmware. First run after the Round-3 landing always re-bakes. |
| `tests/ui/` runs but captures are all 1×1 black PNGs | `MESHTASTIC_UI_CAMERA_DEVICE_ESP32S3` | Env var not set → `NullBackend`. Point a USB webcam at the heltec-v3 OLED and set the device index; `.venv/bin/python -c "import cv2; [print(i, cv2.VideoCapture(i).read()[0]) for i in range(5)]"` discovers it. |
| Tests fail only on first attempt then pass on rerun | — | State leak from a prior session. Run with `--force-bake` to reset to a known state. |
### Never do these without asking
-`factory_reset` — wipes node identity; regenerates PKI keypair. Mesh peers will reject old DMs until re-exchange. Legitimate only when the operator explicitly wants it.
-`erase_and_flash` — full chip erase; destroys all on-device state.
description:Device health report via the meshtastic MCP tools (Copilot equivalent of the Claude Code /diagnose slash command)
---
# `/mcp-diagnose` — device health report
Equivalent of `.claude/commands/diagnose.md`. Use when the operator asks to "check the devices", "what's the mesh looking like", "is nrf52 alive", etc.
This prompt assumes the meshtastic MCP server is registered with your VS Code Copilot agent. If it isn't, fall back to running `./mcp-server/run-tests.sh tests/unit` plus a short `device_info` script via the terminal.
## What to do
1.**Enumerate hardware** via the `list_devices` MCP tool (with `include_unknown=True`). For each entry where `likely_meshtastic=True`, capture `port`, `vid`, `pid`, `description`.
2.**Apply the operator's filter** (if any):
- No filter → every likely-meshtastic device.
-`nrf52` → `vid == 0x239a`
-`esp32s3` → `vid == 0x303a` or `vid == 0x10c4`
- A `/dev/cu.*` path → only that port.
- Anything else → substring match on port.
3.**For each selected device, in sequence (don't parallelize — SerialInterface holds an exclusive port lock):**
- If anything looks off (can't connect, `num_nodes` wrong, missing `firmware_version`), open a short firmware-log window: `serial_open(port=<p>, env=<inferred>)`, wait 3 seconds, `serial_read(session_id, max_lines=100)`, `serial_close(session_id)`. Infer env from VID (0x239a → `rak4631`, 0x303a/0x10c4 → `heltec-v3`) unless an `MESHTASTIC_MCP_ENV_<ROLE>` env var overrides it.
4.**Hub health** (call once, not per-device): `uhubctl_list()` — enumerates every USB hub the host sees. Cross-reference each Meshtastic device's VID to find which hub + port it's on. Flag in the report if:
- No hub advertises `ppps=true` → `tests/recovery/` can't run; hard-recovery via `uhubctl_cycle` isn't available.
- A Meshtastic device is on a non-PPPS hub → note it; moving to a PPPS hub unlocks auto-recovery.
-`uhubctl_list` raises `ConfigError: uhubctl not found` → report as "uhubctl not installed"; don't treat as a device fault.
5.**Render per-device report** as a compact block:
Flag abnormalities inline with `⚠︎ <short reason>` — missing pubkey on a known peer, region UNSET, mismatched channel name, device on non-PPPS hub, etc.
- Do `region`, `channel_num`, `modem_preset` match across devices?
- Do the primary channel names match? (Different name → different PSK → no decode.)
7. **Suggest next steps only for recognizable failure modes**, never speculatively:
- Stale PKI one-way → "`/mcp-test tests/mesh/test_direct_with_ack.py` — the test's retry+nodeinfo-ping heals this."
- Region mismatch → "re-bake one side via `./mcp-server/run-tests.sh --force-bake`."
- Device unreachable, DFU reachable → `touch_1200bps(port=...)` + `pio_flash`. If not even DFU responds and the device is on a PPPS hub, escalate to `uhubctl_cycle(role=..., confirm=True)`.
- CP2102-wedged-driver on macOS → see `run-tests.sh` notes.
## Hard constraints
- **Read-only.** No `set_config`, no `reboot`, no `factory_reset`, no `flash`. If the operator wants mutation, they'll escalate explicitly.
- **Open/query/close per device.** Never hold multiple SerialInterfaces to the same port. The port lock is exclusive.
- **Don't infer env beyond the VID map** — if the operator has an unusual board, ask them which env to use rather than guessing.
description:Re-run a specific test N times to triage flakes; diff firmware logs between passes and failures (Copilot equivalent of the Claude Code /repro slash command)
---
# `/mcp-repro` — flakiness triage for one test
Equivalent of `.claude/commands/repro.md`. Use when the operator says "that one test is flaky — dig in", "repro the direct_with_ack failure", "why does X sometimes fail?".
## What to do
1.**Parse the operator's input** into two pieces:
- **Test identifier** — either a pytest node id (has `::` or starts with `tests/`) or a `-k`-style filter (plain substring like `direct_with_ack`).
- **Count** — integer, default `5`, cap at `20`. If the operator asks for 50, negotiate down and explain (airtime + USB wear).
2.**Sanity-check the hub** via the `list_devices` MCP tool. If the test name references `nrf52` or `esp32s3` and the matching VID isn't present, stop and report — re-running won't help.
`-p no:cacheprovider` keeps pytest from caching anything between iterations. Capture: exit code, duration, and (on failure) the `Meshtastic debug` firmware-log section from `mcp-server/tests/report.html`.
5. **On mixed outcomes, diff the firmware logs** between one representative pass and one representative fail. Focus on:
- Error-level lines present only in failures (`PKI_UNKNOWN_PUBKEY`, `Alloc an err=`, `Skip send`, `No suitable channel`, `NAK`)
- Timing around the assertion point (broadcast sent? ACK received? retry fired?)
- Device-state fields that changed between attempts
Surface the top 3 differences as a compact "passes when / fails when" table with uptime timestamps. Don't dump full logs.
6. **Classify** the flake into one of:
- **LoRa airtime collision** — pass rate improves with fewer concurrent transmitters. Suggest a `time.sleep` gap or retry bump in the test body.
- **PKI key staleness** — first attempt fails, subsequent ones pass; existing retry-loop pattern in `test_direct_with_ack.py` is the fix.
- **NodeInfo cooldown** — `Skip send NodeInfo since we sent it <600s ago` in fail-only logs; needs a `broadcast_nodeinfo_ping()` warmup.
- **Hardware-specific** — one direction consistently fails, firmware versions differ, CP2102 driver wedged, etc. For a device wedged past `touch_1200bps`, recommend `uhubctl_cycle(role=..., confirm=True)` to hard-power-cycle its hub port (requires `uhubctl` installed).
- **Device went dark mid-run** — fails from some iteration onward and never recovers; firmware log stops arriving. Almost always a Guru crash with frozen CDC. Recommend `uhubctl_cycle` before the next iteration; escalate to replug if that also fails.
- **Unknown** — say so. Don't invent a root cause.
7. **Report back** with:
- Pass rate + mean duration.
- Classification + the specific log evidence for it.
- A concrete next step (tighter assertion, more retries, open `/mcp-diagnose`, file a bug, nothing).
## Examples
- `tests/mesh/test_direct_with_ack.py::test_direct_with_ack_roundtrip[esp32s3->nrf52] 10` — 10 runs of that parametrized case.
- `broadcast_delivers` — no `::`, no `tests/`; treat as `-k broadcast_delivers`; runs every match 5 times.
- `tests/telemetry/test_device_telemetry_broadcast.py 3` — shorter count for a slow test.
## Notes
- If the FIRST attempt fails and the rest pass, that's a state-leak signature — suggest starting from `--force-bake` or a clean device state rather than chasing the first-failure firmware logs.
- If ALL N fail, this isn't a flake — it's a regression. Say so, stop iterating, escalate to `/mcp-test` for full-suite context.
- Don't rebuild firmware during triage. Flakes that only reproduce under different firmware belong in a separate session with a plan.
description:Run the mcp-server test suite and interpret results (Copilot equivalent of the Claude Code /test slash command)
---
# `/mcp-test` — mcp-server test runner with interpretation
Equivalent of the Claude Code `/test` slash command in `.claude/commands/test.md`. Use this when the operator asks you to "run the tests", "check the mcp test suite", "run the mesh tests", etc.
## What to do
1.**Invoke the wrapper** from the firmware repo root:
```bash
./mcp-server/run-tests.sh [pytest-args]
```
If the operator specified a subset (e.g. "just the mesh tests"), pass it through as `tests/mesh` or a pytest `-k filter`. If they said nothing, use the wrapper's defaults (full suite with pytest-html report).
The wrapper auto-detects connected Meshtastic devices, maps each to its PlatformIO env, exports the required env vars, and invokes pytest. Zero pre-flight config needed from the operator.
2. **Read the pre-flight header** (first few lines of wrapper output). The `detected hub :` line lists role → port → env mappings. If it reads `(none)`, the wrapper narrowed to `tests/unit` only — call that out explicitly so the operator knows hardware tiers were skipped.
3. **On pass**: one-line summary like `N passed, M skipped in <duration>`. Don't enumerate test names. DO mention any non-placeholder SKIPs and name the cause:
- `"role not present on hub"` → device unplugged; operator should reconnect.
- `"firmware not baked with USERPREFS_UI_TEST_LOG"` → tests/ui skipped; the UI-log compile macro isn't in the baked firmware. Suggest `--force-bake`.
- `"no PPPS-capable hubs detected"` → tests/recovery skipped because the attached hub doesn't support per-port power switching; won't run on that setup.
- `"opencv-python-headless is not installed"` → tests/ui auto-deselected by `run-tests.sh`. Suggest `pip install -e 'mcp-server/.[ui]'`.
4. **On failure**: open `mcp-server/tests/report.html` (pytest-html output, self-contained) and extract the `Meshtastic debug` section for each failed test. That section includes a firmware log stream (last 200 lines) and device state dump. For each failure, summarise:
- test name
- one-line assertion message
- the specific firmware log lines that explain why (look for `PKI_UNKNOWN_PUBKEY`, `Skip send NodeInfo`, `Error=`, `Guru Meditation`, `assertion failed`, `No suitable channel`)
- for UI-tier failures also check `mcp-server/tests/ui_captures/<session>/<test>/transcript.md` (per-step frame + OCR)
5. **Classify each failure** as one of:
- **Transient flake** — LoRa collision, first-attempt NAK with self-heal pattern, timing-sensitive assertion. Suggest `/mcp-repro <test-id>` to confirm.
- **Environmental** — device unreachable, port busy, CP2102 driver wedged on macOS. Suggest recovery in escalation order: (a) replug USB, (b) `touch_1200bps` + `pio_flash` for nRF52 DFU, (c) `uhubctl_cycle(role=..., confirm=True)` for a device wedged past DFU (needs `uhubctl` installed; `baked_single` does this once automatically when available). Also check `git status userPrefs.jsonc`.
- **Regression** — same assertion fails repeatedly on re-runs, firmware log shows novel errors. Identify the firmware module likely responsible.
6. **Do NOT run destructive recovery automatically**. If a failure looks like it needs a reflash, factory*reset, `uhubctl_cycle`, or replug — \_describe the steps* and let the operator decide. Never burn airtime or flash cycles without approval.
## Arguments convention
Operators generally invoke this prompt either with no arguments (full suite) or with a specific subset. Examples:
- `tests/mesh` — one tier
- `tests/mesh/test_direct_with_ack.py::test_direct_with_ack_roundtrip` — one test
- `--force-bake` — reflash devices first
- `-k telemetry` — name-filter
## Side-effects to confirm in your summary
- `userPrefs.jsonc` should be clean after a successful run. The session fixture in `mcp-server/tests/conftest.py` (`_session_userprefs`) snapshots and restores. Check `git status --porcelain userPrefs.jsonc` and report if it's non-empty.
- `mcp-server/tests/report.html` and `junit.xml` regenerate on every run.
- The wrapper prints a warning if a `.mcp-session-bak` sidecar was left over from a crashed prior session and auto-restores from it — mention that if it happened.
Guide for developing a new Meshtastic firmware module.
## Module Hierarchy
Choose the appropriate base class:
1.**`MeshModule`** — Raw base class. Override `wantPacket()` and `handleReceived()`. Returns `ProcessMessage::STOP` or `ProcessMessage::CONTINUE`.
2.**`SinglePortModule`** — Handles a single `meshtastic_PortNum`. Constructor takes `(name, portNum)`. Simplified `wantPacket()` checking `decoded.portnum`. Use `allocDataPacket()` to create outgoing packets.
3.**`ProtobufModule<T>`** — Template for protobuf-encoded modules. Constructor takes `(name, portNum, fields)`. Override `handleReceivedProtobuf()`. Use `allocDataProtobuf(payload)` to create outgoing packets.
Most modules also mix in `concurrency::OSThread` for periodic background tasks.
Add a `MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_MYMODULE` guard. This allows the module to be excluded from constrained builds. The flag name must follow the pattern: `MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_` + uppercase module name.
## Protobuf Messages (if needed)
1. Define messages in `protobufs/meshtastic/` (e.g., `mymodule.proto`)
2. Add a `.options` file for nanopb field size constraints
3. Regenerate with `bin/regen-protos.sh`
4. Generated code appears in `src/mesh/generated/meshtastic/`
5. Assign a `meshtastic_PortNum` if the module uses a new port number
## Timing and Defaults
Use `Default` class helpers for configurable intervals:
Guide for adding a new I2C telemetry sensor driver to Meshtastic firmware.
## Overview
Telemetry sensors live in `src/modules/Telemetry/Sensor/`. There are 50+ existing drivers organized by measurement type. Each sensor integrates with one of the telemetry modules:
If the sensor needs an external library, add it to the `lib_deps` in the relevant base platformio.ini configs:
```ini
lib_deps=
${env.lib_deps}
mysensorlibrary@^1.0.0
```
Or use a conditional dependency if it's platform-specific.
## Unit Conversions
If the sensor reports values in non-standard units, use `src/modules/Telemetry/UnitConversions.h` for conversion helpers (e.g., Celsius ↔ Fahrenheit, hPa ↔ inHg).
## Checklist
- [ ] Create `src/modules/Telemetry/Sensor/MySensor.h` and `.cpp`
- [ ] Inherit from `TelemetrySensor` base class
- [ ] Implement `setup()` and `getMetrics()` methods
- [ ] Add `meshtastic_TelemetrySensorType` enum entry in `telemetry.proto`
- [ ] Add I2C address to `src/detect/ScanI2C` for auto-detection
- [ ] Add protobuf fields in `telemetry.proto` if new data types needed
- [ ] Regenerate protos: `bin/regen-protos.sh`
- [ ] Wire into the appropriate telemetry module (Environment/AirQuality/Power/Health)
- [ ] Add library dependency if external library required
- Architecture names are normalized (e.g., `esp32s3` → `esp32-s3`)
## InkHUD E-Ink Variants
For e-ink display variants using the InkHUD framework, add `nicheGraphics.h`:
```cpp
// nicheGraphics.h — InkHUD configuration for this variant
#define INKHUD // Enable InkHUD
// Configure display, applets, and refresh behavior per device
```
InkHUD has its own PlatformIO config: `src/graphics/niche/InkHUD/PlatformioConfig.ini`
## I2C Device Detection
If the variant has I2C devices, ensure `src/detect/ScanI2C` will detect them. The auto-detection system handles 80+ device types including displays, sensors, RTCs, keyboards, PMUs, and touch controllers at boot.
## Custom Board Definitions
If the PlatformIO board doesn't exist, create a custom board JSON in `boards/`:
```json
{
"build":{
"arduino":{"ldscript":"esp32s3_out.ld"},
"core":"esp32",
"f_cpu":"240000000L",
"f_flash":"80000000L",
"flash_mode":"qio",
"mcu":"esp32s3",
"variant":"esp32s3"
},
"connectivity":["wifi","bluetooth"],
"frameworks":["arduino","espidf"],
"name":"My Custom Board",
"upload":{
"flash_size":"8MB",
"maximum_ram_size":327680,
"maximum_size":8388608
},
"url":"https://example.com",
"vendor":"MyVendor"
}
```
## Checklist
- [ ] Create `variants/<arch>/<name>/variant.h` with pin definitions
- [ ] Create `variants/<arch>/<name>/platformio.ini` extending correct base
- [ ] Set `custom_meshtastic_support_level` (1 or 2)
This repository is the [Meshtastic](https://meshtastic.org) firmware — a C++17 embedded codebase targeting ESP32 / nRF52 / RP2040 / STM32WL / Linux-Portduino LoRa mesh radios — plus a Python MCP server in `mcp-server/` that AI agents use to flash, configure, and test connected devices.
## Primary instruction file
**Read `.github/copilot-instructions.md` first.** That file is the canonical agent-facing document for this repo. It covers project layout, coding conventions (naming, module framework, Observer pattern, thread safety), the build system, CI/CD, the native C++ test suite, and — most importantly for automation work — the **MCP Server & Hardware Test Harness** section. Read it top-to-bottom before starting any non-trivial change.
This file (`AGENTS.md`) is a short pointer + quick reference for agents that don't read `.github/copilot-instructions.md` by default.
| Generate CI matrix | `./bin/generate_ci_matrix.py all [--level pr]` |
## MCP server (device + test automation)
The `mcp-server/` package exposes ~32 MCP tools for device discovery, building, flashing, serial monitoring, and live-node administration. Tools are grouped as:
Setup: `cd mcp-server && python3 -m venv .venv && .venv/bin/pip install -e '.[test]'`. The repo registers the server via `.mcp.json` — Claude Code picks it up automatically.
See `mcp-server/README.md` for argument shapes and the **MCP Server & Hardware Test Harness** section of `.github/copilot-instructions.md` for agent usage rules (tool surface, fixture contract, firmware integration points, recovery playbooks).
## Slash commands (AI-assisted workflows)
Three test-and-diagnose workflows exist as slash commands:
- **`/test` (Claude Code) / `/mcp-test` (Copilot)** — run the hardware test suite and interpret failures
- **`/diagnose` / `/mcp-diagnose`** — read-only device health report
- **`/repro` / `/mcp-repro`** — flakiness triage: re-run one test N times, diff firmware logs between passes and failures
Bodies live in `.claude/commands/` and `.github/prompts/` respectively. `.claude/commands/README.md` is the index.
## Encryption at a glance
Two layers, both in `src/mesh/CryptoEngine.cpp`:
- **Channel (symmetric)** — **AES-CTR** with a channel-wide PSK (AES-128 or AES-256). Nonce = packet_id ‖ from_node ‖ block_counter. No AEAD; integrity is soft (channel-hash filter). The well-known default PSK lives in `src/mesh/Channels.h`; a 1-byte PSK is a short-form index into it.
- **Per-peer PKI** — **X25519 ECDH** (Curve25519, 32-byte keys) → SHA-256 → **AES-256-CCM** with an 8-byte MAC. Fresh 32-bit `extraNonce` per packet, sent in the clear alongside the MAC. 12-byte wire overhead (`MESHTASTIC_PKC_OVERHEAD`). Used for DMs. Also used for remote admin (`src/modules/AdminModule.cpp`), where AdminMessage authorization is gated by `config.security.admin_key[0..2]`. Disabled entirely in Ham mode (`user.is_licensed=true`).
Key rotation to never trigger casually: only the **full** factory reset (`factory_reset_device`, `eraseBleBonds=true`) wipes `security.private_key` and regenerates the keypair — every peer holds the old public key, so DMs silently fail PKI decrypt until NodeInfo re-exchanges. The **partial** config reset (`factory_reset_config`) preserves the private key and doesn't invalidate peer relationships. Explicitly blanking `security.private_key` via admin also triggers regen. See the **Encryption & Key Management** section of `.github/copilot-instructions.md` for the full spec (nonce layout, send/receive selection logic including infrastructure-portnum exceptions, admin-key + session-passkey authorization, `is_managed` scope, key-rotation hazards).
## House rules
- **No destructive device operations without operator approval.** `factory_reset`, `erase_and_flash`, `reboot`, `shutdown`, history-rewriting git ops — describe the action and stop. Operator authorizes.
- **One MCP call per serial port at a time.** The port lock is exclusive; concurrent calls deadlock. Sequence: open → read/mutate → close, then next device.
- **`userPrefs.jsonc` is session state during tests.** The `_session_userprefs` fixture snapshots + restores it; never edit it from inside a test.
- **Don't speculate about firmware root causes.** When evidence doesn't support a classification, say "unknown" and list what would disambiguate.
- **Run `trunk fmt` before proposing a commit.** The `trunk_check` CI gate will reject unformatted code.
- **`confirm=True` on destructive MCP tools is a real gate, not a formality.** Don't bypass it via auto-approve settings.
## Typical agent workflows
### Flashing a device
1.`list_devices` → find the port + likely VID
2.`list_boards` → confirm the env, or use the known default for the hardware
3.`pio_flash(env=..., port=..., confirm=True)` for any arch, or `erase_and_flash(env=..., port=..., confirm=True)` for an ESP32 factory install
2.`list_nodes(port=...)` — full peer table (SNR, RSSI, pubkey presence, last_heard)
3.`get_config(section="lora", port=...)` — LoRa settings for cross-device comparison
Sequence these; don't parallelize on the same port.
### Testing a firmware change
1. Build locally: `pio run -e <env>`
2. Flash the test device: `pio_flash(env=..., port=..., confirm=True)`
3. Run the suite: `./mcp-server/run-tests.sh tests/<tier>` or `/test tests/<tier>`
4. On failure, open `mcp-server/tests/report.html` → `Meshtastic debug` section for the firmware log tail + device state dump
5. Iterate
### Debugging a flaky test
1.`/repro <test-node-id> [count]` — re-runs the test N times, diffs firmware logs between passes and failures
2. If the first attempt always fails and the rest pass, that's a state-leak pattern → suggest `--force-bake` or a clean device state, don't chase the first failure
3. If all N fail, this isn't a flake — it's a regression. Stop iterating and escalate to `/test` for full-suite context.
| `.mcp.json` | MCP server registration for Claude Code |
## Recovery one-liners
- **`userPrefs.jsonc` dirty after a test run?** Re-run `./mcp-server/run-tests.sh` once (pre-flight self-heals from the sidecar). If still dirty: `git checkout userPrefs.jsonc`.
- **nRF52 not responding?** `mcp__meshtastic__touch_1200bps(port=...)` drops it into the DFU bootloader, then `pio_flash` re-installs.
- **Device fully wedged (no DFU)?** `mcp__meshtastic__uhubctl_cycle(role="nrf52", confirm=True)` hard-power-cycles it via USB hub PPPS. Needs `uhubctl` installed (`brew install uhubctl` / `apt install uhubctl`); on Linux without udev rules, permission errors fail fast, so use `sudo uhubctl` yourself or configure udev access.
- **Port busy?** `lsof <port>` to find the holder. Usually a stale `pio device monitor` or zombie `meshtastic_mcp` process. Kill it.
- **Multiple MCP servers running?** `ps aux | grep meshtastic_mcp` — zombies hold ports. Kill all but the one your host spawned.
| `MESHTASTIC_MCP_ENV_<ROLE>` | Override PlatformIO env for a role (e.g. `MESHTASTIC_MCP_ENV_NRF52=rak4631-dap`). Default map: `nrf52→rak4631`, `esp32s3→heltec-v3`. |
| `MESHTASTIC_MCP_SEED` | PSK seed for the session test profile. Defaults to `mcp-<user>-<host>`. |
| `MESHTASTIC_MCP_FLASH_LOG` | File path to tee pio/esptool/nrfutil/picotool output. `run-tests.sh` sets this to `tests/flash.log` so the TUI can stream live flash progress. |
| `MESHTASTIC_UHUBCTL_LOCATION_<ROLE>` | Pin a role to a specific uhubctl hub location (e.g. `1-1.3`). Wins over VID auto-detection — use when multiple devices share a VID. |
| `MESHTASTIC_UHUBCTL_PORT_<ROLE>` | Pin a role to a specific hub port number. Required alongside `LOCATION_<ROLE>`. |
| `MESHTASTIC_UI_CAMERA_BACKEND` | Camera backend for UI tier + `capture_screen` tool: `opencv` / `ffmpeg` / `null` / `auto` (default). |
| `MESHTASTIC_UI_CAMERA_DEVICE` | Generic camera device (index or path). Used by the UI tier when no per-role var is set. |
| `MESHTASTIC_UI_CAMERA_DEVICE_<ROLE>` | Per-role camera pinning (e.g. `MESHTASTIC_UI_CAMERA_DEVICE_ESP32S3=0` for the OLED-bearing heltec-v3). |
This directory contains YAML configuration files for meshtasticd. Each file describes a specific hardware configuration, including the LoRa module and pin assignments. These configurations are used by meshtasticd to correctly interface with the hardware.
## Metadata structure
Each configuration file includes a `Meta` section that provides information about the configuration.
This configuration is consumed by configuration-selection tools.
```yaml
Meta:
name:MeshAdv-Pi E22-900M30S# A unique identifier for this configuration.
support:community# community, official, or deprecated; determined by Meshtastic Leads.
compatible:# A list of compatible products or platforms.
- raspberry-pi
```
`name`: A unique identifier for the configuration, typically reflecting the hardware it supports.
`support`: Indicates the level of support for this configuration. It can be one of the following:
-`community`: Supported by the Meshtastic community. Meshtastic Members may not possess, or have not tested this configuration.
-`official`: Fully supported by Meshtastic. Meshtastic Members have tested and verified this configuration.
-`deprecated`: No longer recommended for deployment by Meshtastic.
`compatible`: A list of compatible products or platforms that can use this configuration.
This will vary depending on the intended use case / platform.
Multiple compatible entries can be included. E.g. Armbian `BOARD` value or OpenWrt `TARGET` value.
These tags can be consumed by different configuration-selection tools, filtering based upon their platform/etc.
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