heap release targets

This reverts commit abef0d85a2.

.claude/settings.json

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+{
+  "hooks": {
+    "PostToolUse": [
+      {
+        "matcher": "Write|Edit",
+        "hooks": [
+          {
+            "type": "command",
+            "command": "python3 -c \"import json,sys,subprocess,shutil,os; f=json.load(sys.stdin).get('tool_input',{}).get('file_path',''); t=shutil.which('trunk') or os.path.expanduser('~/.cache/trunk/launcher/trunk'); f and os.path.exists(t) and subprocess.run([t,'fmt','--force',f],stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL)\" 2>/dev/null || true",
+            "statusMessage": "Formatting..."
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+}

.github/workflows/update_protobufs.yml

@@ -16,13 +16,18 @@ jobs:
           submodules: true
 
       - name: Update submodule
-        if: ${{ github.ref == 'refs/heads/master' || github.ref == 'refs/heads/develop' }}
+        if: ${{ github.ref_name == 'master' || github.ref_name == 'develop' }}
+        working-directory: protobufs
+        env:
+          # Use the branch that triggered the workflow as the protobuf branch.
+          GIT_BRANCH: ${{ github.ref_name }}
         run: |
-          git submodule update --remote protobufs
+          git fetch --prune origin $GIT_BRANCH
+          git checkout origin/$GIT_BRANCH
 
       - name: Download nanopb
         run: |
-          wget https://jpa.kapsi.fi/nanopb/download/nanopb-0.4.9.1-linux-x86.tar.gz
+          wget https://github.com/nanopb/nanopb/releases/download/nanopb-0.4.9.1/nanopb-0.4.9.1-linux-x86.tar.gz
           tar xvzf nanopb-0.4.9.1-linux-x86.tar.gz
           mv nanopb-0.4.9.1-linux-x86 nanopb-0.4.9
 
@@ -33,7 +38,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Create pull request
         uses: peter-evans/create-pull-request@v8
         with:
-          branch: create-pull-request/update-protobufs
+          branch: create-pull-request/update-protobufs-${{ github.ref_name }}
           labels: submodules
           title: Update protobufs and classes
           commit-message: Update protobufs

extra_scripts/nrf52_lto.py

@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+# trunk-ignore-all(ruff/F821)
+# trunk-ignore-all(flake8/F821)
+#
+# Whole-image LTO for nrf52840 (~-60KB; ~-23KB beyond src-only LTO), EXCEPT the objects
+# that own interrupt/exception handlers.
+#
+# Every ISR is referenced only from the assembly vector table (gcc_startup_nrf52840.S),
+# which LTO cannot see -> whole-program LTO judges the handlers dead, removes them, and
+# the weak `b .` Default_Handler stubs prevail -> the IRQ lands in an infinite loop and the
+# chip hangs (or the peripheral silently stalls). Compiling the handler-bearing objects
+# WITHOUT LTO lets ordinary linking keep the strong handlers; everything else stays LTO'd:
+#   - framework core (/FrameworkArduino/, /cores/nRF5/): every nrfx ISR + the FreeRTOS
+#     SVC/PendSV port.
+#   - TinyUSB nrf port (Adafruit_TinyUSB_nrf.cpp): USBD_IRQHandler (USB data path).
+#   - library .cpp files that own a vector ISR (would otherwise be silently dropped):
+#       bluefruit.cpp     -> SD_EVT/SWI2_EGU2  (SoftDevice BLE-event delivery -- advertising
+#                            hangs without it)
+#       Wire_nRF52.cpp    -> SPIM0/TWIM0 + SPIM1/TWIM1 (interrupt-driven I2C/SPI)
+#       PDM.cpp           -> PDM_IRQHandler   (PDM microphone)
+#       RotaryEncoder.cpp -> QDEC_IRQHandler  (hardware quadrature/rotary encoder)
+#
+# A post-link guard (bottom of this file) fails the build if a critical handler was dropped
+# anyway -- so a future deps bump or a new ISR-owning library becomes a red build, not a field
+# hang. To hunt a dropped ISR by hand: nm the .elf for `_IRQHandler$` symbols marked `W`, then
+# grep the libs/framework for who defines them.
+#
+# HW-validated: RAK4631 (SX1262) + muzi-base (LR1121).
+import glob
+import os
+
+Import("env")
+
+env.Append(LINKFLAGS=["-flto", "-flto-partition=1to1"])
+
+# The -fno-lto re-compiles below run with the global env, which lacks the framework's
+# bundled-library include dirs -- and those libs cross-include each other (Wire pulls in
+# Adafruit_TinyUSB.h, which pulls in SPI.h, ...). Add every bundled-lib dir (+ its src/) so
+# the re-compiles resolve without chasing headers one at a time.
+_fw = env.PioPlatform().get_package_dir("framework-arduinoadafruitnrf52") or ""
+_extra_inc = []
+for _d in sorted(glob.glob(os.path.join(_fw, "libraries", "*"))):
+    if os.path.isdir(_d):
+        _extra_inc.append(_d)
+        if os.path.isdir(os.path.join(_d, "src")):
+            _extra_inc.append(os.path.join(_d, "src"))
+
+FRAMEWORK = ("/FrameworkArduino/", "/cores/nRF5/")
+USB_ISR = "Adafruit_TinyUSB_nrf"  # USBD_IRQHandler
+# Library .cpp files that define vector-table ISRs (the rest of their lib stays LTO'd):
+LIB_ISR = ("/bluefruit.cpp", "/Wire_nRF52.cpp", "/PDM.cpp", "/RotaryEncoder.cpp")
+
+
+def _no_lto(node):
+    try:
+        path = node.get_abspath()
+    except Exception:
+        path = str(node)
+    path = path.replace(
+        "\\", "/"
+    )  # normalize Windows backslashes so matches work cross-platform
+    if (
+        USB_ISR in path
+        or any(s in path for s in FRAMEWORK)
+        or any(s in path for s in LIB_ISR)
+    ):
+        return env.Object(
+            node,
+            CCFLAGS=env["CCFLAGS"] + ["-fno-lto"],
+            CPPPATH=env["CPPPATH"] + _extra_inc,
+        )
+    return node
+
+
+env.AddBuildMiddleware(_no_lto)
+
+
+# --- post-link guard: catch a dropped ISR handler at build time (CI footgun protection) ----
+# After every link, fail the build if one of these critical vector-table handlers resolved to
+# the weak `b .` Default_Handler stub -- i.e. LTO (or a deps bump, or a new ISR-owning library
+# that nobody added to LIB_ISR) silently dropped it. A dropped handler hangs the chip the
+# instant that IRQ fires; this turns a field hang into a red build. CI builds every nrf52840
+# target, so this runs on every PR automatically. All five are used by every nrf52840
+# Meshtastic build; if a board deliberately stops using one, edit this tuple on purpose.
+_REQUIRED_STRONG = (
+    "SWI2_EGU2_IRQHandler",  # SoftDevice BLE event (SD_EVT) -- advertising & connections
+    "GPIOTE_IRQHandler",  # GPIO interrupts: radio DIO + buttons
+    "RTC1_IRQHandler",  # FreeRTOS scheduler tick
+    "USBD_IRQHandler",  # USB CDC (serial console + 1200bps DFU trigger)
+    "POWER_CLOCK_IRQHandler",  # HF/LF clock + power (HFCLK start for radio & SoftDevice)
+)
+
+_tc = env.PioPlatform().get_package_dir("toolchain-gccarmnoneeabi") or ""
+_NM = os.path.join(_tc, "bin", "arm-none-eabi-nm")
+if not os.path.isfile(_NM):
+    _NM = "arm-none-eabi-nm"  # fall back to PATH
+
+
+def _assert_isr_handlers_survived(source, target, env):
+    import subprocess
+    import sys
+
+    try:
+        # Resolve the ELF at build time; target[0] is the buildprog alias, not the file.
+        elf = env.subst("$BUILD_DIR/${PROGNAME}.elf")
+        out = subprocess.check_output([_NM, elf], universal_newlines=True)
+    except Exception as exc:  # tooling hiccup: warn loudly, don't wedge the build
+        print("nrf52_lto: WARNING - ISR-handler guard skipped (nm failed: %s)" % exc)
+        return
+    # nm line: "<addr> <type> <symbol>". type 'T'/'t' = strong (good); 'W'/'w' = weak stub.
+    kind = {}
+    for line in out.split("\n"):
+        f = line.split()
+        if len(f) >= 3 and f[-1].endswith("_IRQHandler"):
+            kind[f[-1]] = f[-2]
+    dropped = [h for h in _REQUIRED_STRONG if kind.get(h, "W").upper() != "T"]
+    if dropped:
+        sys.stderr.write(
+            "\n*** nrf52 LTO guard: interrupt handler(s) DROPPED: %s ***\n"
+            "Each resolved to the weak Default_Handler stub, so the chip hangs when that IRQ\n"
+            "fires. Compile the .cpp that defines the handler with -fno-lto by adding it to\n"
+            "LIB_ISR in extra_scripts/nrf52_lto.py. Find the owner of FOO_IRQHandler with:\n"
+            "  grep -rl FOO_IRQHandler <framework-arduinoadafruitnrf52>/{libraries,cores}\n\n"
+            % ", ".join(dropped)
+        )
+        from SCons.Script import Exit
+
+        Exit(1)  # canonical SCons build-abort -> red build
+    print(
+        "nrf52_lto: ISR-handler guard OK -- %d critical handlers strong"
+        % len(_REQUIRED_STRONG)
+    )
+
+
+# Attach to the phony "buildprog" alias, NOT the .elf file node: SCons can skip a post-action
+# on a file target during an incremental relink (observed), but the buildprog alias runs every
+# build -- so the guard fires on local incremental rebuilds and clean CI builds alike.
+env.AddPostAction("buildprog", _assert_isr_handlers_survived)

src/Power.cpp

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
  * For more information, see: https://meshtastic.org/
  */
 #include "power.h"
+#include "BluetoothCommon.h"
 #include "MessageStore.h"
 #include "NodeDB.h"
 #include "PowerFSM.h"
@@ -962,6 +963,10 @@ void Power::readPowerStatus()
         lastLogTime = millis();
     }
     newStatus.notifyObservers(&powerStatus2);
+
+    // Mirror battery level to the BLE Battery Service (0x2A19); the platform layer clamps and dedupes.
+    if (hasBattery == OptTrue)
+        updateBatteryLevel(powerStatus2.getBatteryChargePercent());
 #ifdef DEBUG_HEAP
     if (lastheap != memGet.getFreeHeap()) {
         // Use stack-allocated buffer to avoid heap allocations in monitoring code

src/gps/GPS.cpp

@@ -17,7 +17,10 @@
 #include "main.h" // pmu_found
 #include "sleep.h"
 
+#include "FSCommon.h"
 #include "GPSUpdateScheduling.h"
+#include "SPILock.h"
+#include "SafeFile.h"
 #include "cas.h"
 #include "ubx.h"
 
@@ -71,6 +74,67 @@ static struct uBloxGnssModelInfo {
 #define GPS_SOL_EXPIRY_MS 5000 // in millis. give 1 second time to combine different sentences. NMEA Frequency isn't higher anyway
 #define NMEA_MSG_GXGSA "GNGSA" // GSA message (GPGSA, GNGSA etc)
 
+namespace
+{
+// Versioned on-disk record for persisted GPS probe results.
+constexpr uint32_t GPS_PROBE_CACHE_MAGIC = 0x47504348UL; // "GPCH"
+constexpr uint16_t GPS_PROBE_CACHE_VERSION = 1;
+constexpr const char *GPS_PROBE_CACHE_FILE = "/prefs/gps_probe_cache.dat";
+
+struct GPSProbeCacheRecord {
+    uint32_t magic;
+    uint16_t version;
+    uint16_t reserved;
+    uint32_t baud;
+    uint8_t model;
+};
+
+bool isValidGnssModel(uint8_t model)
+{
+    // Keep persisted values bounded to known enum range.
+    return model <= static_cast<uint8_t>(GNSS_MODEL_CM121);
+}
+
+bool isValidProbeBaud(uint32_t baud)
+{
+    // Conservative sanity range for UART baud values.
+    return baud >= 1200 && baud <= 921600;
+}
+
+template <typename T> bool sawNmeaSentenceAtBaud(T *serialGps, uint32_t timeoutMs)
+{
+    // Lightweight passive check: look for at least one complete
+    // "$...,<field>\n" style NMEA sentence.
+    const uint32_t deadline = millis() + timeoutMs;
+    bool sawDollar = false;
+    bool sawComma = false;
+
+    while ((int32_t)(millis() - deadline) < 0) {
+        while (serialGps->available()) {
+            char c = static_cast<char>(serialGps->read());
+            if (c == '$') {
+                sawDollar = true;
+                sawComma = false;
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (c == ',') {
+                sawComma = true;
+            }
+            if (c == '\n' || c == '\r') {
+                if (sawDollar && sawComma) {
+                    return true;
+                }
+                sawDollar = false;
+                sawComma = false;
+            }
+        }
+        delay(10);
+    }
+
+    return false;
+}
+} // namespace
+
 // For logging
 static const char *getGPSPowerStateString(GPSPowerState state)
 {
@@ -492,6 +556,201 @@ static const int rareSerialSpeeds[3] = {4800, 57600, GPS_BAUDRATE};
 #define GPS_PROBETRIES 2
 #endif
 
+bool GPS::loadProbeCache()
+{
+#ifdef FSCom
+    // Load the last known-good GPS model/baud pair so we can avoid a full probe
+    // sweep on every boot.
+    triedProbeCache = true; // Latch this boot's load attempt, even if no cache.
+    GPSProbeCacheRecord record = {};
+    size_t bytesRead = 0;
+
+    spiLock->lock();
+    auto file = FSCom.open(GPS_PROBE_CACHE_FILE, FILE_O_READ);
+    if (!file) {
+        spiLock->unlock();
+        return false;
+    }
+    bytesRead = file.read(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(&record), sizeof(record));
+    file.close();
+    spiLock->unlock();
+
+    const bool headerValid = (bytesRead == sizeof(record)) && (record.magic == GPS_PROBE_CACHE_MAGIC) &&
+                             (record.version == GPS_PROBE_CACHE_VERSION) && (record.reserved == 0U);
+    if (!headerValid || !isValidGnssModel(record.model) || !isValidProbeBaud(record.baud)) {
+        clearProbeCache(); // Drop corrupt/invalid cache so next boot can
+                           // recover.
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    cachedProbeBaud = static_cast<int32_t>(record.baud);
+    cachedProbeModel = static_cast<GnssModel_t>(record.model);
+    hasProbeCache = true;
+    triedProbeCache = false;
+    LOG_INFO("Loaded cached GPS probe: baud=%u", record.baud);
+    return true;
+#else
+    return false;
+#endif
+}
+
+void GPS::clearProbeCache()
+{
+    // Invalidate in-memory and on-disk cache so next boot is forced to do a
+    // full probe.
+    hasProbeCache = false;
+    triedProbeCache = true;
+    cachedProbeBaud = 0;
+    cachedProbeModel = GNSS_MODEL_UNKNOWN;
+#ifdef FSCom
+    spiLock->lock();
+    if (FSCom.exists(GPS_PROBE_CACHE_FILE)) {
+        FSCom.remove(GPS_PROBE_CACHE_FILE);
+    }
+    spiLock->unlock();
+#endif
+}
+
+bool GPS::saveProbeCache() const
+{
+#ifdef FSCom
+    if (gnssModel == GNSS_MODEL_UNKNOWN || !isValidGnssModel(static_cast<uint8_t>(gnssModel)) ||
+        !isValidProbeBaud(detectedBaud)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    spiLock->lock();
+    FSCom.mkdir("/prefs");
+    spiLock->unlock();
+    GPSProbeCacheRecord record = {
+        GPS_PROBE_CACHE_MAGIC, GPS_PROBE_CACHE_VERSION, 0, static_cast<uint32_t>(detectedBaud), static_cast<uint8_t>(gnssModel),
+    };
+
+    auto file = SafeFile(GPS_PROBE_CACHE_FILE, true);
+    spiLock->lock();
+    const size_t written = file.write(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(&record), sizeof(record));
+    spiLock->unlock();
+    return (written == sizeof(record)) && file.close();
+#else
+    return false;
+#endif
+}
+
+bool GPS::verifyCachedProbePresence()
+{
+    if (!hasProbeCache || cachedProbeModel == GNSS_MODEL_UNKNOWN || !isValidProbeBaud(cachedProbeBaud)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+#if defined(ARCH_NRF52) || defined(ARCH_PORTDUINO) || defined(ARCH_STM32WL)
+    _serial_gps->end();
+    _serial_gps->begin(cachedProbeBaud);
+#elif defined(ARCH_RP2040)
+    _serial_gps->end();
+    _serial_gps->setFIFOSize(256);
+    _serial_gps->begin(cachedProbeBaud);
+#else
+    if (_serial_gps->baudRate() != cachedProbeBaud) {
+        LOG_DEBUG("Set GPS Baud to %i (cached verify)", cachedProbeBaud);
+        _serial_gps->updateBaudRate(cachedProbeBaud);
+    }
+#endif
+
+    // Before trusting cached model/baud, require either active model-specific
+    // response or passive NMEA flow.
+    clearBuffer();
+    bool present = false;
+
+    // Model-specific "active ping" checks to avoid false stale decisions on
+    // modules that start streaming late.
+    const char *cachedProbeModelName = "UNKNOWN";
+    switch (cachedProbeModel) {
+    case GNSS_MODEL_MTK:
+        cachedProbeModelName = "L76K/MTK";
+        _serial_gps->write("$PCAS06,0*1B\r\n");
+        present = (getACK("$GPTXT,01,01,02,SW=", 700) == GNSS_RESPONSE_OK);
+        break;
+    case GNSS_MODEL_MTK_L76B:
+        cachedProbeModelName = "L76B";
+    case GNSS_MODEL_MTK_PA1010D:
+        if (cachedProbeModel == GNSS_MODEL_MTK_PA1010D)
+            cachedProbeModelName = "PA1010D";
+    case GNSS_MODEL_MTK_PA1616S:
+        if (cachedProbeModel == GNSS_MODEL_MTK_PA1616S)
+            cachedProbeModelName = "PA1616S";
+    case GNSS_MODEL_LS20031:
+        if (cachedProbeModel == GNSS_MODEL_LS20031)
+            cachedProbeModelName = "LS20031";
+        _serial_gps->write("$PMTK605*31\r\n");
+        present = (getACK("$PMTK705", 900) == GNSS_RESPONSE_OK);
+        break;
+    case GNSS_MODEL_AG3335:
+        cachedProbeModelName = "AG3335";
+    case GNSS_MODEL_AG3352:
+        if (cachedProbeModel == GNSS_MODEL_AG3352)
+            cachedProbeModelName = "AG3352";
+        _serial_gps->write("$PAIR021*39\r\n");
+        present = (getACK("$PAIR021,", 900) == GNSS_RESPONSE_OK);
+        break;
+    case GNSS_MODEL_ATGM336H:
+        cachedProbeModelName = "ATGM336H";
+        _serial_gps->write("$PCAS06,1*1A\r\n");
+        present = (getACK("$GPTXT,01,01,02,HW=ATGM", 900) == GNSS_RESPONSE_OK);
+        break;
+    case GNSS_MODEL_UC6580:
+        cachedProbeModelName = "UC6580/UM600";
+        _serial_gps->write("$PDTINFO\r\n");
+        present = (getACK("UC6580", 900) == GNSS_RESPONSE_OK) || (getACK("UM600", 900) == GNSS_RESPONSE_OK);
+        break;
+    case GNSS_MODEL_CM121:
+        cachedProbeModelName = "CM121";
+        _serial_gps->write("$PDTINFO\r\n");
+        present = (getACK("CM121", 900) == GNSS_RESPONSE_OK);
+        break;
+    case GNSS_MODEL_UBLOX6:
+    case GNSS_MODEL_UBLOX7:
+    case GNSS_MODEL_UBLOX8:
+    case GNSS_MODEL_UBLOX9:
+    case GNSS_MODEL_UBLOX10: {
+        if (cachedProbeModel == GNSS_MODEL_UBLOX6)
+            cachedProbeModelName = "U-blox 6";
+        else if (cachedProbeModel == GNSS_MODEL_UBLOX7)
+            cachedProbeModelName = "U-blox 7";
+        else if (cachedProbeModel == GNSS_MODEL_UBLOX8)
+            cachedProbeModelName = "U-blox 8";
+        else if (cachedProbeModel == GNSS_MODEL_UBLOX9)
+            cachedProbeModelName = "U-blox 9";
+        else if (cachedProbeModel == GNSS_MODEL_UBLOX10)
+            cachedProbeModelName = "U-blox 10";
+
+        uint8_t cfg_rate[] = {0xB5, 0x62, 0x06, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
+        UBXChecksum(cfg_rate, sizeof(cfg_rate));
+        _serial_gps->write(cfg_rate, sizeof(cfg_rate));
+        present = (getACK(0x06, 0x08, 900) != GNSS_RESPONSE_NONE);
+        break;
+    }
+    default:
+        break;
+    }
+
+    if (!present) {
+        // Some modules may not respond to probes while still streaming NMEA, so
+        // allow a passive fallback check.
+        present = sawNmeaSentenceAtBaud(_serial_gps, 3000);
+    }
+    if (!present) {
+        LOG_WARN("Cached GPS probe is stale (%s @ %d), clearing cache", cachedProbeModelName, cachedProbeBaud);
+        clearProbeCache();
+        cachedProbeFailedThisBoot = true;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    detectedBaud = cachedProbeBaud;
+    gnssModel = cachedProbeModel;
+    LOG_INFO("Using cached GPS probe: %s @ %d", cachedProbeModelName, detectedBaud);
+    return true;
+}
+
 /**
  * @brief  Setup the GPS based on the model detected.
  *  We detect the GPS by cycling through a set of baud rates, first common then rare.
@@ -503,25 +762,46 @@ bool GPS::setup()
 {
     if (!didSerialInit) {
         int msglen = 0;
+        if (cachedProbeFailedThisBoot) {
+            // If cached verification failed, suppress further probing until
+            // reboot.
+            didSerialInit = true;
+            return true;
+        }
+
         if (tx_gpio && gnssModel == GNSS_MODEL_UNKNOWN) {
-            if (probeTries < GPS_PROBETRIES) {
+            if (!hasProbeCache && !triedProbeCache) {
+                (void)loadProbeCache();
+            }
+
+            if (hasProbeCache && !triedProbeCache) {
+                triedProbeCache = true;
+                if (!verifyCachedProbePresence()) {
+                    // Cache was stale and got wiped; skip scanning this boot
+                    // and let next boot do a full probe.
+                    didSerialInit = true;
+                    return true;
+                }
+            } else if (probeTries < GPS_PROBETRIES) {
+                // No usable cache: walk common baud rates first.
                 gnssModel = probe(serialSpeeds[speedSelect]);
-                if (gnssModel == GNSS_MODEL_UNKNOWN) {
-                    if (currentStep == 0 && ++speedSelect == array_count(serialSpeeds)) {
-                        speedSelect = 0;
-                        ++probeTries;
-                    }
+                if (gnssModel != GNSS_MODEL_UNKNOWN) {
+                    detectedBaud = serialSpeeds[speedSelect];
+                } else if (currentStep == 0 && ++speedSelect == array_count(serialSpeeds)) {
+                    speedSelect = 0;
+                    ++probeTries;
                 }
             }
             // Rare Serial Speeds
 #ifndef CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32C6
-            if (probeTries == GPS_PROBETRIES) {
+            else if (probeTries == GPS_PROBETRIES) {
+                // Then try less common baud rates before giving up.
                 gnssModel = probe(rareSerialSpeeds[speedSelect]);
-                if (gnssModel == GNSS_MODEL_UNKNOWN) {
-                    if (currentStep == 0 && ++speedSelect == array_count(rareSerialSpeeds)) {
-                        LOG_WARN("Give up on GPS probe and set to %d", GPS_BAUDRATE);
-                        return true;
-                    }
+                if (gnssModel != GNSS_MODEL_UNKNOWN) {
+                    detectedBaud = rareSerialSpeeds[speedSelect];
+                } else if (currentStep == 0 && ++speedSelect == array_count(rareSerialSpeeds)) {
+                    LOG_WARN("Give up on GPS probe and set to %d", GPS_BAUDRATE);
+                    return true;
                 }
             }
 #endif
@@ -529,6 +809,7 @@ bool GPS::setup()
 
         if (gnssModel != GNSS_MODEL_UNKNOWN) {
             setConnected();
+            (void)saveProbeCache();
         } else {
             return false;
         }
@@ -1102,6 +1383,12 @@ int32_t GPS::runOnce()
         if (!setup())
             return currentDelay; // Setup failed, re-run in two seconds
 
+        if (cachedProbeFailedThisBoot || gnssModel == GNSS_MODEL_UNKNOWN) {
+            LOG_WARN("GPS not detected at cached settings; marked not present "
+                     "for this boot");
+            return disable();
+        }
+
         // We have now loaded our saved preferences from flash
         if (config.position.gps_mode != meshtastic_Config_PositionConfig_GpsMode_ENABLED) {
             return disable();

src/gps/GPS.h

@@ -155,8 +155,19 @@ class GPS : private concurrency::OSThread
      * @return true if we've acquired a new location
      */
     virtual bool lookForLocation();
+    // Load persisted GPS model+baud from /prefs.
+    bool loadProbeCache();
+    // Clear persisted GPS model+baud cache.
+    void clearProbeCache();
+    // Persist the currently detected GPS model+baud.
+    bool saveProbeCache() const;
+    // Verify the cached model+baud still maps to a live GPS device.
+    bool verifyCachedProbePresence();
 
     GnssModel_t gnssModel = GNSS_MODEL_UNKNOWN;
+    int32_t detectedBaud = GPS_BAUDRATE;
+    int32_t cachedProbeBaud = 0;
+    GnssModel_t cachedProbeModel = GNSS_MODEL_UNKNOWN;
 
     TinyGPSPlus reader;
     uint8_t fixQual = 0; // fix quality from GPGGA
@@ -178,6 +189,12 @@ class GPS : private concurrency::OSThread
 
     uint8_t speedSelect = 0;
     uint8_t probeTries = 0;
+    // Cache file is successfully loaded.
+    bool hasProbeCache = false;
+    // Ensures cached probe is attempted once per boot.
+    bool triedProbeCache = false;
+    // Latched when cached presence check fails
+    bool cachedProbeFailedThisBoot = false;
 
     /**
      * hasValidLocation - indicates that the position variables contain a complete

src/graphics/Screen.cpp

@@ -102,8 +102,8 @@ namespace graphics
 // if defined a pixel will blink to show redraws
 // #define SHOW_REDRAWS
 #define ASCII_BELL '\x07'
-// A text message frame + debug frame + all the node infos
-FrameCallback *normalFrames;
+// Base frames plus active module/favorite frames; grows only when the actual frameset needs it.
+static std::vector<FrameCallback> normalFrames;
 static uint32_t targetFramerate = IDLE_FRAMERATE;
 #if GRAPHICS_TFT_COLORING_ENABLED
 static inline void prepareFrameColorRegions()
@@ -136,6 +136,7 @@ uint32_t dopThresholds[5] = {2000, 1000, 500, 200, 100};
 // At some point, we're going to ask all of the modules if they would like to display a screen frame
 // we'll need to hold onto pointers for the modules that can draw a frame.
 std::vector<MeshModule *> moduleFrames;
+static uint8_t moduleFrameStart = 0;
 
 #if HAS_GPS
 // GeoCoord object for the screen
@@ -333,8 +334,14 @@ static void drawModuleFrame(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, int
         // otherwise, just display the module frame that's aligned with the current frame
         module_frame = state->currentFrame;
     }
-    MeshModule &pi = *moduleFrames.at(module_frame);
-    pi.drawFrame(display, state, x, y);
+    if (module_frame < moduleFrameStart)
+        return;
+
+    const uint8_t moduleIndex = module_frame - moduleFrameStart;
+    if (moduleIndex >= moduleFrames.size() || moduleFrames[moduleIndex] == nullptr)
+        return;
+
+    moduleFrames[moduleIndex]->drawFrame(display, state, x, y);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -402,9 +409,11 @@ SPIClass SPI1(HSPI);
 #endif
 
 Screen::Screen(ScanI2C::DeviceAddress address, meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_OledType screenType, OLEDDISPLAY_GEOMETRY geometry)
-    : concurrency::OSThread("Screen"), address_found(address), model(screenType), geometry(geometry), cmdQueue(32)
+    : concurrency::OSThread("Screen"), address_found(address), model(screenType), geometry(geometry), cmdQueue(16)
 {
-    graphics::normalFrames = new FrameCallback[MAX_NUM_NODES + NUM_EXTRA_FRAMES];
+    normalFrames.reserve(24);
+    indicatorIcons.reserve(24);
+    moduleFrames.reserve(8);
 
 #if defined(USE_SH1106) || defined(USE_SH1107) || defined(USE_SH1107_128_64)
     dispdev = new SH1106Wire(address.address, -1, -1, geometry,
@@ -488,7 +497,6 @@ Screen::Screen(ScanI2C::DeviceAddress address, meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_O
 
 Screen::~Screen()
 {
-    delete[] graphics::normalFrames;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1142,183 +1150,130 @@ void Screen::setFrames(FrameFocus focus)
     LOG_DEBUG("Show standard frames");
     showingNormalScreen = true;
 
+    normalFrames.clear();
     indicatorIcons.clear();
 
-    size_t numframes = 0;
+    auto appendFrame = [this](FrameCallback frame, const uint8_t *icon) -> uint8_t {
+        normalFrames.emplace_back(frame);
+        indicatorIcons.push_back(icon);
+        return normalFrames.size() - 1;
+    };
 
     // If we have a critical fault, show it first
-    fsi.positions.fault = numframes;
+    fsi.positions.fault = normalFrames.size();
     if (error_code) {
-        normalFrames[numframes++] = NotificationRenderer::drawCriticalFaultFrame;
-        indicatorIcons.push_back(icon_error);
+        fsi.positions.fault = appendFrame(NotificationRenderer::drawCriticalFaultFrame, icon_error);
         focus = FOCUS_FAULT; // Change our "focus" parameter, to ensure we show the fault frame
     }
 
 #if defined(DISPLAY_CLOCK_FRAME)
     if (!hiddenFrames.clock) {
-        fsi.positions.clock = numframes;
 #if defined(OLED_TINY)
-        normalFrames[numframes++] = graphics::ClockRenderer::drawAnalogClockFrame;
+        fsi.positions.clock = appendFrame(graphics::ClockRenderer::drawAnalogClockFrame, digital_icon_clock);
 #else
-        normalFrames[numframes++] = uiconfig.is_clockface_analog ? graphics::ClockRenderer::drawAnalogClockFrame
-                                                                 : graphics::ClockRenderer::drawDigitalClockFrame;
+        fsi.positions.clock = appendFrame(uiconfig.is_clockface_analog ? graphics::ClockRenderer::drawAnalogClockFrame
+                                                                       : graphics::ClockRenderer::drawDigitalClockFrame,
+                                          digital_icon_clock);
 #endif
-        indicatorIcons.push_back(digital_icon_clock);
     }
 #endif
 
     if (!hiddenFrames.home) {
-        fsi.positions.home = numframes;
-        normalFrames[numframes++] = graphics::UIRenderer::drawDeviceFocused;
-        indicatorIcons.push_back(icon_home);
+        fsi.positions.home = appendFrame(graphics::UIRenderer::drawDeviceFocused, icon_home);
     }
 
-    fsi.positions.textMessage = numframes;
-    normalFrames[numframes++] = graphics::MessageRenderer::drawTextMessageFrame;
-    indicatorIcons.push_back(icon_mail);
+    fsi.positions.textMessage = appendFrame(graphics::MessageRenderer::drawTextMessageFrame, icon_mail);
 
 #ifndef USE_EINK
     if (!hiddenFrames.nodelist_nodes) {
-        fsi.positions.nodelist_nodes = numframes;
-        normalFrames[numframes++] = graphics::NodeListRenderer::drawDynamicListScreen_Nodes;
-        indicatorIcons.push_back(icon_nodes);
+        fsi.positions.nodelist_nodes = appendFrame(graphics::NodeListRenderer::drawDynamicListScreen_Nodes, icon_nodes);
     }
     if (!hiddenFrames.nodelist_location) {
-        fsi.positions.nodelist_location = numframes;
-        normalFrames[numframes++] = graphics::NodeListRenderer::drawDynamicListScreen_Location;
-        indicatorIcons.push_back(icon_list);
+        fsi.positions.nodelist_location = appendFrame(graphics::NodeListRenderer::drawDynamicListScreen_Location, icon_list);
     }
 #endif
 
 // Show detailed node views only on E-Ink builds
 #ifdef USE_EINK
     if (!hiddenFrames.nodelist_lastheard) {
-        fsi.positions.nodelist_lastheard = numframes;
-        normalFrames[numframes++] = graphics::NodeListRenderer::drawLastHeardScreen;
-        indicatorIcons.push_back(icon_nodes);
+        fsi.positions.nodelist_lastheard = appendFrame(graphics::NodeListRenderer::drawLastHeardScreen, icon_nodes);
     }
     if (!hiddenFrames.nodelist_hopsignal) {
-        fsi.positions.nodelist_hopsignal = numframes;
-        normalFrames[numframes++] = graphics::NodeListRenderer::drawHopSignalScreen;
-        indicatorIcons.push_back(icon_signal);
+        fsi.positions.nodelist_hopsignal = appendFrame(graphics::NodeListRenderer::drawHopSignalScreen, icon_signal);
     }
     if (!hiddenFrames.nodelist_distance) {
-        fsi.positions.nodelist_distance = numframes;
-        normalFrames[numframes++] = graphics::NodeListRenderer::drawDistanceScreen;
-        indicatorIcons.push_back(icon_distance);
+        fsi.positions.nodelist_distance = appendFrame(graphics::NodeListRenderer::drawDistanceScreen, icon_distance);
     }
 #endif
 #if HAS_GPS
 #ifdef USE_EINK
     if (!hiddenFrames.nodelist_bearings) {
-        fsi.positions.nodelist_bearings = numframes;
-        normalFrames[numframes++] = graphics::NodeListRenderer::drawNodeListWithCompasses;
-        indicatorIcons.push_back(icon_list);
+        fsi.positions.nodelist_bearings = appendFrame(graphics::NodeListRenderer::drawNodeListWithCompasses, icon_list);
     }
 #endif
     if (!hiddenFrames.gps) {
-        fsi.positions.gps = numframes;
-        normalFrames[numframes++] = graphics::UIRenderer::drawCompassAndLocationScreen;
-        indicatorIcons.push_back(icon_compass);
+        fsi.positions.gps = appendFrame(graphics::UIRenderer::drawCompassAndLocationScreen, icon_compass);
     }
 #endif
     if (RadioLibInterface::instance && !hiddenFrames.lora) {
-        fsi.positions.lora = numframes;
-        normalFrames[numframes++] = graphics::DebugRenderer::drawLoRaFocused;
-        indicatorIcons.push_back(icon_radio);
+        fsi.positions.lora = appendFrame(graphics::DebugRenderer::drawLoRaFocused, icon_radio);
     }
     if (!hiddenFrames.system) {
-        fsi.positions.system = numframes;
-        normalFrames[numframes++] = graphics::DebugRenderer::drawSystemScreen;
-        indicatorIcons.push_back(icon_system);
+        fsi.positions.system = appendFrame(graphics::DebugRenderer::drawSystemScreen, icon_system);
     }
 #if !defined(DISPLAY_CLOCK_FRAME)
     if (!hiddenFrames.clock) {
-        fsi.positions.clock = numframes;
-        normalFrames[numframes++] = uiconfig.is_clockface_analog ? graphics::ClockRenderer::drawAnalogClockFrame
-                                                                 : graphics::ClockRenderer::drawDigitalClockFrame;
-        indicatorIcons.push_back(digital_icon_clock);
+        fsi.positions.clock = appendFrame(uiconfig.is_clockface_analog ? graphics::ClockRenderer::drawAnalogClockFrame
+                                                                       : graphics::ClockRenderer::drawDigitalClockFrame,
+                                          digital_icon_clock);
     }
 #endif
     if (!hiddenFrames.chirpy) {
-        fsi.positions.chirpy = numframes;
-        normalFrames[numframes++] = graphics::DebugRenderer::drawChirpy;
-        indicatorIcons.push_back(chirpy_small);
+        fsi.positions.chirpy = appendFrame(graphics::DebugRenderer::drawChirpy, chirpy_small);
     }
 
 #if HAS_WIFI && !defined(ARCH_PORTDUINO)
     if (!hiddenFrames.wifi && isWifiAvailable()) {
-        fsi.positions.wifi = numframes;
-        normalFrames[numframes++] = graphics::DebugRenderer::drawDebugInfoWiFiTrampoline;
-        indicatorIcons.push_back(icon_wifi);
+        fsi.positions.wifi = appendFrame(graphics::DebugRenderer::drawDebugInfoWiFiTrampoline, icon_wifi);
     }
 #endif
 
-    // Beware of what changes you make in this code!
-    // We pass numframes into GetMeshModulesWithUIFrames() which is highly important!
-    // Inside of that callback, goes over to MeshModule.cpp and we run
-    // modulesWithUIFrames.resize(startIndex, nullptr), to insert nullptr
-    // entries until we're ready to start building the matching entries.
-    // We are doing our best to keep the normalFrames vector
-    // and the moduleFrames vector in lock step.
-    moduleFrames = MeshModule::GetMeshModulesWithUIFrames(numframes);
+    moduleFrameStart = normalFrames.size();
+    moduleFrames = MeshModule::GetMeshModulesWithUIFrames();
     LOG_DEBUG("Show %d module frames", moduleFrames.size());
 
-    for (auto i = moduleFrames.begin(); i != moduleFrames.end(); ++i) {
-        // Draw the module frame, using the hack described above
-        if (*i != nullptr) {
-            normalFrames[numframes] = drawModuleFrame;
-
-            // Check if the module being drawn has requested focus
-            // We will honor this request later, if setFrames was triggered by a UIFrameEvent
-            MeshModule *m = *i;
-            if (m && m->isRequestingFocus())
-                fsi.positions.focusedModule = numframes;
-            if (m && m == waypointModule)
-                fsi.positions.waypoint = numframes;
-
-            indicatorIcons.push_back(icon_module);
-            numframes++;
-        }
+    for (MeshModule *m : moduleFrames) {
+        const uint8_t frameIndex = appendFrame(drawModuleFrame, icon_module);
+        if (m && m->isRequestingFocus())
+            fsi.positions.focusedModule = frameIndex;
+        if (m && m == waypointModule)
+            fsi.positions.waypoint = frameIndex;
     }
 
-    LOG_DEBUG("Added modules.  numframes: %d", numframes);
-
-    // We don't show the node info of our node (if we have it yet - we should)
-    size_t numMeshNodes = nodeDB->getNumMeshNodes();
-    if (numMeshNodes > 0)
-        numMeshNodes--;
+    LOG_DEBUG("Added modules.  numframes: %d", normalFrames.size());
 
     if (!hiddenFrames.show_favorites) {
-        // Temporary array to hold favorite node frames
-        std::vector<FrameCallback> favoriteFrames;
-
+        uint8_t firstFavorite = 255;
+        uint8_t lastFavorite = 255;
         for (size_t i = 0; i < nodeDB->getNumMeshNodes(); i++) {
             const meshtastic_NodeInfoLite *n = nodeDB->getMeshNodeByIndex(i);
             if (n && n->num != nodeDB->getNodeNum() && nodeInfoLiteIsFavorite(n)) {
-                favoriteFrames.push_back(graphics::UIRenderer::drawFavoriteNode);
+                const uint8_t frameIndex = appendFrame(graphics::UIRenderer::drawFavoriteNode, icon_node);
+                if (firstFavorite == 255)
+                    firstFavorite = frameIndex;
+                lastFavorite = frameIndex;
             }
         }
 
-        // Insert favorite frames *after* collecting them all
-        if (!favoriteFrames.empty()) {
-            fsi.positions.firstFavorite = numframes;
-            for (const auto &f : favoriteFrames) {
-                normalFrames[numframes++] = f;
-                indicatorIcons.push_back(icon_node);
-            }
-            fsi.positions.lastFavorite = numframes - 1;
-        } else {
-            fsi.positions.firstFavorite = 255;
-            fsi.positions.lastFavorite = 255;
-        }
+        fsi.positions.firstFavorite = firstFavorite;
+        fsi.positions.lastFavorite = lastFavorite;
     }
 
-    fsi.frameCount = numframes;   // Total framecount is used to apply FOCUS_PRESERVE
-    this->frameCount = numframes; // Save frame count for use in custom overlay
-    LOG_DEBUG("Finished build frames. numframes: %d", numframes);
+    fsi.frameCount = normalFrames.size();   // Total framecount is used to apply FOCUS_PRESERVE
+    this->frameCount = normalFrames.size(); // Save frame count for use in custom overlay
+    LOG_DEBUG("Finished build frames. numframes: %d", normalFrames.size());
 
-    ui->setFrames(normalFrames, numframes);
+    ui->setFrames(normalFrames.data(), fsi.frameCount);
     ui->disableAllIndicators();
 
     // Add overlays: frame icons and alert banner)

src/graphics/Screen.h

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 #define getStringCenteredX(s) ((SCREEN_WIDTH - display->getStringWidth(s)) / 2)
 namespace graphics
 {
-enum notificationTypeEnum { none, text_banner, selection_picker, node_picker, number_picker, text_input };
+enum notificationTypeEnum { none, text_banner, selection_picker, node_picker, number_picker, hex_picker, text_input };
 
 struct BannerOverlayOptions {
     const char *message;

src/graphics/SharedUIDisplay.cpp

@@ -578,7 +578,11 @@ void drawCommonFooter(OLEDDisplay *display, int16_t x, int16_t y)
 #endif
 
     display->setColor(BLACK);
+#if GRAPHICS_TFT_COLORING_ENABLED
     display->fillRect(0, footerY, SCREEN_WIDTH, footerH);
+#else
+    display->fillRect(0, footerY, connection_icon_width + 1, footerH);
+#endif
     display->setColor(WHITE);
     if (currentResolution == ScreenResolution::High) {
         const int bytesPerRow = (connection_icon_width + 7) / 8;

src/graphics/draw/ClockRenderer.cpp

@@ -183,9 +183,13 @@ void drawDigitalClockFrame(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, int1
     static float segmentHeight = SEGMENT_HEIGHT * 0.75f;
 
     if (!scaleInitialized) {
+#ifdef DISPLAY_FORCE_SMALL_FONTS
+        float screenwidth_target_ratio = 0.70f; // Target 70% of display width (adjustable)
+#else
         float screenwidth_target_ratio = 0.80f; // Target 80% of display width (adjustable)
-        float max_scale = 3.5f;                 // Safety limit to avoid runaway scaling
-        float step = 0.05f;                     // Step increment per iteration
+#endif
+        float max_scale = 3.5f; // Safety limit to avoid runaway scaling
+        float step = 0.05f;     // Step increment per iteration
 
         float target_width = display->getWidth() * screenwidth_target_ratio;
         float target_height =

src/graphics/draw/MenuHandler.cpp

@@ -126,6 +126,7 @@ void launchReplyForMessage(const StoredMessage &message, bool freetext)
 
 menuHandler::screenMenus menuHandler::menuQueue = MenuNone;
 uint32_t menuHandler::pickedNodeNum = 0;
+meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode menuHandler::pendingRegion = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_UNSET;
 bool test_enabled = false;
 uint8_t test_count = 0;
 
@@ -174,6 +175,36 @@ void menuHandler::OnboardMessage()
     screen->showOverlayBanner(bannerOptions);
 }
 
+static void applyLoraRegion(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode region, bool isHam)
+{
+    config.lora.region = region;
+    config.lora.channel_num = 0; // Reset to default channel
+
+    if (isHam && adminModule) {
+        meshtastic_HamParameters hamParams = meshtastic_HamParameters_init_zero;
+        strncpy(hamParams.call_sign, "N0CALL", sizeof(hamParams.call_sign) - 1);
+        strncpy(hamParams.short_name, "N0CL", sizeof(hamParams.short_name));
+        hamParams.tx_power = config.lora.tx_power;
+        hamParams.frequency = config.lora.override_frequency;
+        adminModule->handleSetHamMode(hamParams);
+    }
+    auto changes = SEGMENT_CONFIG;
+#if !(MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_PKI_KEYGEN || MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_PKI)
+    if (crypto) {
+        crypto->ensurePkiKeys(config.security, owner);
+    }
+#endif
+    initRegion();
+    if (getEffectiveDutyCycle() < 100) {
+        config.lora.ignore_mqtt = true;
+    }
+    if (strncmp(moduleConfig.mqtt.root, default_mqtt_root, strlen(default_mqtt_root)) == 0) {
+        sprintf(moduleConfig.mqtt.root, "%s/%s", default_mqtt_root, myRegion->name);
+        changes |= SEGMENT_MODULECONFIG;
+    }
+    service->reloadConfig(changes);
+}
+
 void menuHandler::LoraRegionPicker(uint32_t duration)
 {
     static const LoraRegionOption regionOptions[] = {
@@ -242,27 +273,20 @@ void menuHandler::LoraRegionPicker(uint32_t duration)
                 return;
             }
 
-            config.lora.region = selectedRegion;
-            auto changes = SEGMENT_CONFIG;
-
-#if !(MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_PKI_KEYGEN || MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_PKI)
-            if (crypto) {
-                crypto->ensurePkiKeys(config.security, owner);
+            bool hamMode = getRegion(selectedRegion)->profile->licensedOnly;
+            if (hamMode) {
+                LOG_INFO("User chose an amateur radio mode region");
+                pendingRegion = selectedRegion;
+                menuQueue = HamModeConfirm;
+                screen->runNow();
+            } else if (owner.is_licensed) {
+                LOG_INFO("Licensed user chose a non-ham region; prompting to revert licensed mode");
+                pendingRegion = selectedRegion;
+                menuQueue = LicensedToNormalConfirm;
+                screen->runNow();
+            } else {
+                applyLoraRegion(selectedRegion, false);
             }
-#endif
-            config.lora.tx_enabled = true;
-            initRegion();
-            if (getEffectiveDutyCycle() < 100) {
-                config.lora.ignore_mqtt = true; // Ignore MQTT by default if region has a duty cycle limit
-            }
-
-            if (strncmp(moduleConfig.mqtt.root, default_mqtt_root, strlen(default_mqtt_root)) == 0) {
-                //  Default broker is in use, so subscribe to the appropriate MQTT root topic for this region
-                sprintf(moduleConfig.mqtt.root, "%s/%s", default_mqtt_root, myRegion->name);
-                changes |= SEGMENT_MODULECONFIG;
-            }
-
-            service->reloadConfig(changes);
         });
 
     bannerOptions.durationMs = duration;
@@ -279,6 +303,38 @@ void menuHandler::LoraRegionPicker(uint32_t duration)
     screen->showOverlayBanner(bannerOptions);
 }
 
+void menuHandler::hamModeConfirmMenu()
+{
+    static const char *confirmOptions[] = {"No", "Yes"};
+    BannerOverlayOptions confirmBanner;
+    confirmBanner.message = "I confirm I am a\nlicensed amateur\nradio operator";
+    confirmBanner.optionsArrayPtr = confirmOptions;
+    confirmBanner.optionsCount = 2;
+    confirmBanner.bannerCallback = [](int selected) {
+        if (selected == 1)
+            applyLoraRegion(pendingRegion, true);
+    };
+    screen->showOverlayBanner(confirmBanner);
+}
+
+void menuHandler::licensedToNormalConfirmMenu()
+{
+    static const char *confirmOptions[] = {"Keep licensed", "Revert to Normal"};
+    BannerOverlayOptions confirmBanner;
+    confirmBanner.message = "Revert licensed\nmode? This will\nre-enable encryption.";
+    confirmBanner.optionsArrayPtr = confirmOptions;
+    confirmBanner.optionsCount = 2;
+    confirmBanner.bannerCallback = [](int selected) {
+        if (selected == 1) {
+            owner.is_licensed = false;
+            config.lora.override_duty_cycle = false;
+            service->reloadOwner(false);
+        }
+        applyLoraRegion(pendingRegion, false);
+    };
+    screen->showOverlayBanner(confirmBanner);
+}
+
 void menuHandler::deviceRolePicker()
 {
     static const char *optionsArray[] = {"Back", "Client", "Client Mute", "Lost and Found", "Tracker"};
@@ -2822,6 +2878,12 @@ void menuHandler::handleMenuSwitch(OLEDDisplay *display)
     case ThemeMenu:
         themeMenu();
         break;
+    case HamModeConfirm:
+        hamModeConfirmMenu();
+        break;
+    case LicensedToNormalConfirm:
+        licensedToNormalConfirmMenu();
+        break;
     }
     menuQueue = MenuNone;
 }

src/graphics/draw/MenuHandler.h

@@ -55,10 +55,13 @@ class menuHandler
         FrameToggles,
         DisplayUnits,
         MessageBubblesMenu,
-        ThemeMenu
+        ThemeMenu,
+        HamModeConfirm,
+        LicensedToNormalConfirm
     };
     static screenMenus menuQueue;
     static uint32_t pickedNodeNum; // node selected by NodePicker for ManageNodeMenu
+    static meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode pendingRegion;
 
     static void OnboardMessage();
     static void LoraRegionPicker(uint32_t duration = 30000);
@@ -111,6 +114,8 @@ class menuHandler
     static void messageBubblesMenu();
     static void themeMenu();
     static void textMessageMenu();
+    static void hamModeConfirmMenu();
+    static void licensedToNormalConfirmMenu();
 
   private:
     static void saveUIConfig();

src/graphics/draw/MessageRenderer.cpp

@@ -154,8 +154,8 @@ static std::vector<uint32_t> seenPeers;
 // Public helper so menus / store can clear stale registries
 void clearThreadRegistries()
 {
-    seenChannels.clear();
-    seenPeers.clear();
+    std::vector<int>().swap(seenChannels);
+    std::vector<uint32_t>().swap(seenPeers);
 }
 
 // Setter so other code can switch threads
@@ -387,6 +387,58 @@ static void drawMessageScrollbar(OLEDDisplay *display, int visibleHeight, int to
     }
 }
 
+static void appendWrappedLines(OLEDDisplay *display, const char *messageBuf, int textWidth, std::vector<std::string> &allLines,
+                               size_t maxTotalLines, size_t maxWrappedLines)
+{
+    std::string line;
+    std::string word;
+    size_t wrappedCount = 0;
+
+    auto appendLine = [&](std::string &&newLine) -> bool {
+        if (newLine.empty())
+            return true;
+        if (allLines.size() >= maxTotalLines || wrappedCount >= maxWrappedLines)
+            return false;
+        allLines.emplace_back(std::move(newLine));
+        ++wrappedCount;
+        return true;
+    };
+
+    for (int i = 0; messageBuf[i]; ++i) {
+        char ch = messageBuf[i];
+        if ((unsigned char)messageBuf[i] == 0xE2 && (unsigned char)messageBuf[i + 1] == 0x80 &&
+            (unsigned char)messageBuf[i + 2] == 0x99) {
+            ch = '\''; // plain apostrophe
+            i += 2;    // skip over the extra UTF-8 bytes
+        }
+        if (ch == '\n') {
+            if (!word.empty())
+                line += word;
+            if (!appendLine(std::move(line)))
+                return;
+            line.clear();
+            word.clear();
+        } else if (ch == ' ') {
+            line += word + ' ';
+            word.clear();
+        } else {
+            word += ch;
+            std::string test = line + word;
+            uint16_t strWidth = graphics::UIRenderer::measureStringWithEmotes(display, test.c_str());
+            if (strWidth > textWidth) {
+                if (!line.empty() && !appendLine(std::move(line)))
+                    return;
+                line = word;
+                word.clear();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (!word.empty())
+        line += word;
+    appendLine(std::move(line));
+}
+
 void drawTextMessageFrame(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, int16_t x, int16_t y)
 {
     // Ensure any boot-relative timestamps are upgraded if RTC is valid
@@ -646,19 +698,15 @@ void drawTextMessageFrame(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, int16
         const char *msgText = MessageStore::getText(m);
 
         int wrapWidth = mine ? rightTextWidth : leftTextWidth;
-        std::vector<std::string> wrapped = generateLines(display, "", msgText, wrapWidth);
         // Per-message wrap-line limit: even if wrapping produces many lines, cap them to prevent
         // a single long message from consuming most or all of the cache.
         constexpr size_t MAX_WRAPPED_LINES_PER_MSG = 20U;
-        size_t wrappedCount = 0;
-        for (auto &ln : wrapped) {
-            if (allLines.size() >= MAX_CACHED_LINES || wrappedCount >= MAX_WRAPPED_LINES_PER_MSG)
-                break; // Cache limit or per-message limit reached; stop adding lines from this message
-            allLines.emplace_back(std::move(ln));
+        const size_t previousLineCount = allLines.size();
+        appendWrappedLines(display, msgText, wrapWidth, allLines, MAX_CACHED_LINES, MAX_WRAPPED_LINES_PER_MSG);
+        for (size_t i = previousLineCount; i < allLines.size(); ++i) {
             isMine.push_back(mine);
             isHeader.push_back(false);
             ackForLine.push_back(AckStatus::NONE);
-            ++wrappedCount;
         }
     }
 
@@ -1008,20 +1056,23 @@ std::vector<int> calculateLineHeights(const std::vector<std::string> &lines, con
 
     std::vector<int> rowHeights;
     rowHeights.reserve(lines.size());
-    std::vector<graphics::EmoteRenderer::LineMetrics> lineMetrics;
-    lineMetrics.reserve(lines.size());
-
-    for (const auto &line : lines) {
-        lineMetrics.push_back(graphics::EmoteRenderer::analyzeLine(nullptr, line, FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL, emotes, numEmotes));
-    }
+    auto currentMetrics = graphics::EmoteRenderer::LineMetrics{};
+    auto nextMetrics = lines.empty()
+                           ? graphics::EmoteRenderer::LineMetrics{}
+                           : graphics::EmoteRenderer::analyzeLine(nullptr, lines[0], FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL, emotes, numEmotes);
 
     for (size_t idx = 0; idx < lines.size(); ++idx) {
+        currentMetrics = nextMetrics;
+        nextMetrics = (idx + 1 < lines.size())
+                          ? graphics::EmoteRenderer::analyzeLine(nullptr, lines[idx + 1], FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL, emotes, numEmotes)
+                          : graphics::EmoteRenderer::LineMetrics{};
+
         const int baseHeight = FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL;
         int lineHeight = baseHeight;
 
-        const int tallestEmote = lineMetrics[idx].tallestHeight;
-        const bool hasEmote = lineMetrics[idx].hasEmote;
-        const bool nextHasEmote = (idx + 1 < lines.size()) && lineMetrics[idx + 1].hasEmote;
+        const int tallestEmote = currentMetrics.tallestHeight;
+        const bool hasEmote = currentMetrics.hasEmote;
+        const bool nextHasEmote = (idx + 1 < lines.size()) && nextMetrics.hasEmote;
 
         if (isHeaderVec[idx]) {
             // Header line spacing

src/graphics/draw/NotificationRenderer.cpp

@@ -66,6 +66,15 @@ uint32_t pow_of_10(uint32_t n)
     return ret;
 }
 
+uint64_t pow_of_16(uint32_t n)
+{
+    uint64_t ret = 1;
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        ret *= 16ULL;
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
 char graphics::NotificationRenderer::alertBannerLines[MAX_LINES + 1][64] = {};
 uint8_t graphics::NotificationRenderer::alertBannerLineCount = 0;
 graphics::NotificationRenderer::BannerFont graphics::NotificationRenderer::alertBannerLineFonts[MAX_LINES + 1] = {};
@@ -259,6 +268,9 @@ void NotificationRenderer::drawBannercallback(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayU
     case notificationTypeEnum::number_picker:
         drawNumberPicker(display, state);
         break;
+    case notificationTypeEnum::hex_picker:
+        drawHexPicker(display, state);
+        break;
     }
 }
 
@@ -345,6 +357,105 @@ void NotificationRenderer::drawNumberPicker(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiS
     drawNotificationBox(display, state, linePointers, totalLines, 0);
 }
 
+void NotificationRenderer::drawHexPicker(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state)
+{
+    const char *lineStarts[MAX_LINES + 1] = {0};
+    uint16_t lineCount = 0;
+
+    // Parse lines
+    char *alertEnd = alertBannerMessage + strnlen(alertBannerMessage, sizeof(alertBannerMessage));
+    lineStarts[lineCount] = alertBannerMessage;
+
+    // Find lines
+    while ((lineCount < MAX_LINES) && (lineStarts[lineCount] < alertEnd)) {
+        lineStarts[lineCount + 1] = std::find((char *)lineStarts[lineCount], alertEnd, '\n');
+        if (lineStarts[lineCount + 1][0] == '\n')
+            lineStarts[lineCount + 1] += 1;
+        lineCount++;
+    }
+    // modulo to extract
+    uint8_t this_digit = (currentNumber % (pow_of_16(numDigits - curSelected))) / (pow_of_16(numDigits - curSelected - 1));
+    // Handle input
+    if (inEvent.inputEvent == INPUT_BROKER_UP || inEvent.inputEvent == INPUT_BROKER_ALT_PRESS ||
+        inEvent.inputEvent == INPUT_BROKER_UP_LONG) {
+        if (this_digit == 15) {
+            currentNumber -= 15 * (pow_of_16(numDigits - curSelected - 1));
+        } else {
+            currentNumber += (pow_of_16(numDigits - curSelected - 1));
+        }
+    } else if (inEvent.inputEvent == INPUT_BROKER_DOWN || inEvent.inputEvent == INPUT_BROKER_USER_PRESS ||
+               inEvent.inputEvent == INPUT_BROKER_DOWN_LONG) {
+        if (this_digit == 0) {
+            currentNumber += 15 * (pow_of_16(numDigits - curSelected - 1));
+        } else {
+            currentNumber -= (pow_of_16(numDigits - curSelected - 1));
+        }
+    } else if (inEvent.inputEvent == INPUT_BROKER_ANYKEY) {
+        if (inEvent.kbchar > 47 && inEvent.kbchar < 58) { // have a digit
+            currentNumber -= this_digit * (pow_of_16(numDigits - curSelected - 1));
+            currentNumber += (inEvent.kbchar - 48) * (pow_of_16(numDigits - curSelected - 1));
+            curSelected++;
+        }
+    } else if (inEvent.inputEvent == INPUT_BROKER_SELECT || inEvent.inputEvent == INPUT_BROKER_RIGHT) {
+        curSelected++;
+    } else if (inEvent.inputEvent == INPUT_BROKER_LEFT) {
+        curSelected--;
+    } else if ((inEvent.inputEvent == INPUT_BROKER_CANCEL || inEvent.inputEvent == INPUT_BROKER_ALT_LONG) &&
+               alertBannerUntil != 0) {
+        resetBanner();
+        return;
+    }
+    if (curSelected == static_cast<int8_t>(numDigits)) {
+        alertBannerCallback(currentNumber);
+        resetBanner();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    inEvent.inputEvent = INPUT_BROKER_NONE;
+    if (alertBannerMessage[0] == '\0')
+        return;
+
+    uint16_t totalLines = lineCount + 2;
+    const char *linePointers[totalLines + 1] = {0}; // this is sort of a dynamic allocation
+
+    // copy the linestarts to display to the linePointers holder
+    for (uint16_t i = 0; i < lineCount; i++) {
+        linePointers[i] = lineStarts[i];
+    }
+    std::string digits = " ";
+    std::string arrowPointer = " ";
+    for (uint16_t i = 0; i < numDigits; i++) {
+        // Modulo minus modulo to return just the current number
+        uint8_t digitValue = (currentNumber % (pow_of_16(numDigits - i))) / (pow_of_16(numDigits - i - 1));
+        if (digitValue < 10) {
+            digits += std::to_string(digitValue) + " ";
+        } else if (digitValue == 10) {
+            digits += "A ";
+        } else if (digitValue == 11) {
+            digits += "B ";
+        } else if (digitValue == 12) {
+            digits += "C ";
+        } else if (digitValue == 13) {
+            digits += "D ";
+        } else if (digitValue == 14) {
+            digits += "E ";
+        } else if (digitValue == 15) {
+            digits += "F ";
+        }
+
+        if (curSelected == i) {
+            arrowPointer += "^ ";
+        } else {
+            arrowPointer += "_ ";
+        }
+    }
+
+    linePointers[lineCount++] = digits.c_str();
+    linePointers[lineCount++] = arrowPointer.c_str();
+
+    drawNotificationBox(display, state, linePointers, totalLines, 0);
+}
+
 void NotificationRenderer::drawNodePicker(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state)
 {
     static uint32_t selectedNodenum = 0;

src/graphics/draw/NotificationRenderer.h

@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ class NotificationRenderer
     static void drawBannercallback(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state);
     static void drawAlertBannerOverlay(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state);
     static void drawNumberPicker(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state);
+    static void drawHexPicker(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state);
     static void drawNodePicker(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state);
     static void drawTextInput(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state);
     static void drawNotificationBox(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, const char *lines[MAX_LINES + 1],

src/graphics/draw/UIRenderer.cpp

@@ -79,10 +79,12 @@ static inline void transformNeedlePoint(float localX, float localY, float sinHea
     outY = static_cast<int16_t>(y);
 }
 
+#if GRAPHICS_TFT_COLORING_ENABLED
 static float getCompassRingAngleOffset(float heading)
 {
     return (uiconfig.compass_mode != meshtastic_CompassMode_FIXED_RING) ? -heading : 0.0f;
 }
+#endif
 
 static inline StandardCompassNeedlePoints computeStandardCompassNeedlePoints(int16_t compassX, int16_t compassY,
                                                                              uint16_t compassDiam, float headingRadian,
@@ -1142,11 +1144,16 @@ void UIRenderer::drawDeviceFocused(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *sta
     bool origBold = config.display.heading_bold;
     config.display.heading_bold = false;
 
-    // Display Region and Channel Utilization
-    if (currentResolution == ScreenResolution::UltraLow) {
-        drawNodes(display, x, getTextPositions(display)[line] + 2, nodeStatus, -1, false, "online");
+    if (!config.lora.tx_enabled) {
+        const char *txdisabled = "Transmit Disabled";
+        display->drawString(x, getTextPositions(display)[line], txdisabled);
     } else {
-        drawNodes(display, x + 1, getTextPositions(display)[line] + 2, nodeStatus, -1, false, "online");
+        // Display Region and Channel Utilization
+        if (currentResolution == ScreenResolution::UltraLow) {
+            drawNodes(display, x, getTextPositions(display)[line] + 2, nodeStatus, -1, false, "online");
+        } else {
+            drawNodes(display, x + 1, getTextPositions(display)[line] + 2, nodeStatus, -1, false, "online");
+        }
     }
     char uptimeStr[32] = "";
     if (currentResolution != ScreenResolution::UltraLow) {

src/mesh/MeshModule.cpp

@@ -244,13 +244,10 @@ void setReplyTo(meshtastic_MeshPacket *p, const meshtastic_MeshPacket &to)
     p->decoded.request_id = to.id;
 }
 
-std::vector<MeshModule *> MeshModule::GetMeshModulesWithUIFrames(int startIndex)
+std::vector<MeshModule *> MeshModule::GetMeshModulesWithUIFrames()
 {
     std::vector<MeshModule *> modulesWithUIFrames;
 
-    // Fill with nullptr up to startIndex
-    modulesWithUIFrames.resize(startIndex, nullptr);
-
     if (modules) {
         for (auto i = modules->begin(); i != modules->end(); ++i) {
             auto &pi = **i;
@@ -311,4 +308,4 @@ bool MeshModule::isRequestingFocus()
     } else
         return false;
 }
-#endif
+#endif

src/mesh/MeshModule.h

@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ class MeshModule
      */
     static void callModules(meshtastic_MeshPacket &mp, RxSource src = RX_SRC_RADIO);
 
-    static std::vector<MeshModule *> GetMeshModulesWithUIFrames(int startIndex);
+    static std::vector<MeshModule *> GetMeshModulesWithUIFrames();
     static void observeUIEvents(Observer<const UIFrameEvent *> *observer);
     static AdminMessageHandleResult handleAdminMessageForAllModules(const meshtastic_MeshPacket &mp,
                                                                     meshtastic_AdminMessage *request,

src/mesh/NodeDB.cpp

@@ -1989,6 +1989,14 @@ bool NodeDB::saveDeviceStateToDisk()
 
 bool NodeDB::saveNodeDatabaseToDisk()
 {
+    // Don't persist the node DB until this device has a PKI keypair
+    // TODO: revisit when https://github.com/meshtastic/firmware/pull/10478 lands
+#if !(MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_PKI_KEYGEN || MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_PKI)
+    if (owner.public_key.size != 32 && !owner.is_licensed) {
+        LOG_DEBUG("Skip NodeDB without key");
+        return true;
+    }
+#endif
 
     // do not try to save anything if power level is not safe. In many cases flash will be lock-protected
     // and all writes will fail anyway. Device should be sleeping at this point anyway.

src/mesh/generated/meshtastic/mesh.pb.h

@@ -621,7 +621,9 @@ typedef enum _meshtastic_MeshPacket_TransportMechanism {
     /* Arrived via Multicast UDP */
     meshtastic_MeshPacket_TransportMechanism_TRANSPORT_MULTICAST_UDP = 6,
     /* Arrived via API connection */
-    meshtastic_MeshPacket_TransportMechanism_TRANSPORT_API = 7
+    meshtastic_MeshPacket_TransportMechanism_TRANSPORT_API = 7,
+    /* Arrived via Unicast UDP */
+    meshtastic_MeshPacket_TransportMechanism_TRANSPORT_UNICAST_UDP = 8
 } meshtastic_MeshPacket_TransportMechanism;
 
 /* Log levels, chosen to match python logging conventions. */
@@ -1532,8 +1534,8 @@ extern "C" {
 #define _meshtastic_MeshPacket_Delayed_ARRAYSIZE ((meshtastic_MeshPacket_Delayed)(meshtastic_MeshPacket_Delayed_DELAYED_DIRECT+1))
 
 #define _meshtastic_MeshPacket_TransportMechanism_MIN meshtastic_MeshPacket_TransportMechanism_TRANSPORT_INTERNAL
-#define _meshtastic_MeshPacket_TransportMechanism_MAX meshtastic_MeshPacket_TransportMechanism_TRANSPORT_API
-#define _meshtastic_MeshPacket_TransportMechanism_ARRAYSIZE ((meshtastic_MeshPacket_TransportMechanism)(meshtastic_MeshPacket_TransportMechanism_TRANSPORT_API+1))
+#define _meshtastic_MeshPacket_TransportMechanism_MAX meshtastic_MeshPacket_TransportMechanism_TRANSPORT_UNICAST_UDP
+#define _meshtastic_MeshPacket_TransportMechanism_ARRAYSIZE ((meshtastic_MeshPacket_TransportMechanism)(meshtastic_MeshPacket_TransportMechanism_TRANSPORT_UNICAST_UDP+1))
 
 #define _meshtastic_LogRecord_Level_MIN meshtastic_LogRecord_Level_UNSET
 #define _meshtastic_LogRecord_Level_MAX meshtastic_LogRecord_Level_CRITICAL

src/modules/AdminModule.cpp

@@ -1463,6 +1463,10 @@ void AdminModule::handleSetHamMode(const meshtastic_HamParameters &p)
     }
     channels.onConfigChanged();
 
+    if (strcmp(p.call_sign, "N0CALL") == 0) {
+        config.lora.tx_enabled = false;
+    }
+
     service->reloadOwner(false);
     saveChanges(SEGMENT_CONFIG | SEGMENT_NODEDATABASE | SEGMENT_DEVICESTATE | SEGMENT_CHANNELS);
 }

src/modules/AdminModule.h

@@ -67,7 +67,11 @@ class AdminModule : public ProtobufModule<meshtastic_AdminMessage>, public Obser
   private:
     bool handleSetModuleConfig(const meshtastic_ModuleConfig &c);
     void handleSetChannel();
+
+  public:
     void handleSetHamMode(const meshtastic_HamParameters &req);
+
+  private:
     void handleStoreDeviceUIConfig(const meshtastic_DeviceUIConfig &uicfg);
     void handleSendInputEvent(const meshtastic_AdminMessage_InputEvent &inputEvent);
     void reboot(int32_t seconds);

src/modules/CannedMessageModule.cpp

@@ -44,6 +44,8 @@ extern MessageStore messageStore;
 
 #include "graphics/ScreenFonts.h"
 #include <Throttle.h>
+#include <cctype>
+#include <new>
 
 // Remove Canned message screen if no action is taken for some milliseconds
 #define INACTIVATE_AFTER_MS 20000
@@ -144,6 +146,36 @@ bool hasKeyForNode(const meshtastic_NodeInfoLite *node)
 {
     return nodeInfoLiteHasUser(node) && node->public_key.size > 0;
 }
+
+static bool containsIgnoreCase(const char *text, const char *query)
+{
+    if (!query || !*query)
+        return true;
+    if (!text || !*text)
+        return false;
+
+    const size_t queryLen = strlen(query);
+    for (const char *p = text; *p; ++p) {
+        size_t i = 0;
+        while (i < queryLen && p[i] &&
+               std::tolower(static_cast<unsigned char>(p[i])) == std::tolower(static_cast<unsigned char>(query[i]))) {
+            ++i;
+        }
+        if (i == queryLen)
+            return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+static bool activeChannelNameSeen(const std::vector<uint8_t> &activeChannelIndices, const char *name)
+{
+    for (uint8_t channelIndex : activeChannelIndices) {
+        const char *existingName = channels.getName(channelIndex);
+        if (existingName && strcmp(existingName, name) == 0)
+            return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
 /**
  * @brief Items in array this->messages will be set to be pointing on the right
  *     starting points of the string this->messageStore
@@ -155,10 +187,9 @@ int CannedMessageModule::splitConfiguredMessages()
 {
     int i = 0;
 
-    String canned_messages = cannedMessageModuleConfig.messages;
-
     // Copy all message parts into the buffer
-    strncpy(this->messageBuffer, canned_messages.c_str(), sizeof(this->messageBuffer));
+    strncpy(this->messageBuffer, cannedMessageModuleConfig.messages, sizeof(this->messageBuffer) - 1);
+    this->messageBuffer[sizeof(this->messageBuffer) - 1] = '\0';
 
     // Temporary array to allow for insertion
     const char *tempMessages[CANNED_MESSAGE_MODULE_MESSAGE_MAX_COUNT + 3] = {0};
@@ -222,7 +253,7 @@ void CannedMessageModule::resetSearch()
 {
     int previousDestIndex = destIndex;
 
-    searchQuery = "";
+    searchQuery[0] = '\0';
     updateDestinationSelectionList();
 
     // Adjust scrollIndex so previousDestIndex is still visible
@@ -238,26 +269,21 @@ void CannedMessageModule::resetSearch()
 }
 void CannedMessageModule::updateDestinationSelectionList()
 {
-    static size_t lastNumMeshNodes = 0;
-    static String lastSearchQuery = "";
-
     size_t numMeshNodes = nodeDB->getNumMeshNodes();
-    bool nodesChanged = (numMeshNodes != lastNumMeshNodes);
-    lastNumMeshNodes = numMeshNodes;
+    bool nodesChanged = (numMeshNodes != cachedDestinationNodeCount);
+    cachedDestinationNodeCount = numMeshNodes;
 
     // Early exit if nothing changed
-    if (searchQuery == lastSearchQuery && !nodesChanged)
+    if (destinationSelectionCacheValid && strcmp(searchQuery, cachedDestinationSearchQuery) == 0 && !nodesChanged)
         return;
-    lastSearchQuery = searchQuery;
+    strncpy(cachedDestinationSearchQuery, searchQuery, sizeof(cachedDestinationSearchQuery) - 1);
+    cachedDestinationSearchQuery[sizeof(cachedDestinationSearchQuery) - 1] = '\0';
     needsUpdate = false;
 
     this->filteredNodes.clear();
     this->activeChannelIndices.clear();
 
     NodeNum myNodeNum = nodeDB->getNodeNum();
-    String lowerSearchQuery = searchQuery;
-    lowerSearchQuery.toLowerCase();
-
     // Preallocate space to reduce reallocation
     this->filteredNodes.reserve(numMeshNodes);
 
@@ -266,38 +292,27 @@ void CannedMessageModule::updateDestinationSelectionList()
         if (!node || node->num == myNodeNum || !nodeInfoLiteHasUser(node) || node->public_key.size != 32)
             continue;
 
-        const String &nodeName = node->long_name;
+        const char *nodeName = node->long_name;
+        const char *shortName = node->short_name;
 
-        if (searchQuery.length() == 0) {
+        if (searchQuery[0] == '\0') {
+            this->filteredNodes.push_back({node, sinceLastSeen(node)});
+        } else if (containsIgnoreCase(nodeName, searchQuery) || containsIgnoreCase(shortName, searchQuery)) {
             this->filteredNodes.push_back({node, sinceLastSeen(node)});
-        } else {
-            // Avoid unnecessary lowercase conversion if already matched
-            String lowerNodeName = nodeName;
-            lowerNodeName.toLowerCase();
-
-            if (lowerNodeName.indexOf(lowerSearchQuery) != -1) {
-                this->filteredNodes.push_back({node, sinceLastSeen(node)});
-            }
         }
     }
 
-    meshtastic_MeshPacket *p = allocDataPacket();
-    p->pki_encrypted = true;
-    p->channel = 0;
-
     // Populate active channels
-    std::vector<String> seenChannels;
-    seenChannels.reserve(channels.getNumChannels());
     for (uint8_t i = 0; i < channels.getNumChannels(); ++i) {
-        String name = channels.getName(i);
-        if (name.length() > 0 && std::find(seenChannels.begin(), seenChannels.end(), name) == seenChannels.end()) {
+        const char *name = channels.getName(i);
+        if (name && name[0] && !activeChannelNameSeen(activeChannelIndices, name)) {
             this->activeChannelIndices.push_back(i);
-            seenChannels.push_back(name);
         }
     }
 
     scrollIndex = 0; // Show first result at the top
     destIndex = 0;   // Highlight the first entry
+    destinationSelectionCacheValid = true;
     if (nodesChanged && runState == CANNED_MESSAGE_RUN_STATE_DESTINATION_SELECTION) {
         LOG_INFO("Nodes changed, forcing UI refresh.");
         screen->forceDisplay();
@@ -480,7 +495,11 @@ int CannedMessageModule::handleInputEvent(const InputEvent *event)
 
 void CannedMessageModule::updateState(cannedMessageModuleRunState newState, bool shouldRequestFocus)
 {
+    cannedMessageModuleRunState oldState = runState;
     runState = newState;
+    if (oldState == CANNED_MESSAGE_RUN_STATE_DESTINATION_SELECTION && newState != CANNED_MESSAGE_RUN_STATE_DESTINATION_SELECTION) {
+        releaseDestinationSelectionCache();
+    }
     if (runState == CANNED_MESSAGE_RUN_STATE_FREETEXT) {
         inputBroker->menuMode =
             false; // Allow any key input to be sent to the message composer instead of being interpreted as menu navigation
@@ -492,6 +511,26 @@ void CannedMessageModule::updateState(cannedMessageModuleRunState newState, bool
     }
 }
 
+void CannedMessageModule::releaseDestinationSelectionCache()
+{
+    searchQuery[0] = '\0';
+    cachedDestinationSearchQuery[0] = '\0';
+    cachedDestinationNodeCount = 0;
+    destinationSelectionCacheValid = false;
+    destIndex = 0;
+    scrollIndex = 0;
+
+    std::vector<uint8_t>().swap(activeChannelIndices);
+    std::vector<NodeEntry>().swap(filteredNodes);
+}
+
+void CannedMessageModule::releaseFreetext()
+{
+    freetext.~String();
+    new (&freetext) String();
+    cursor = 0;
+}
+
 bool CannedMessageModule::isUpEvent(const InputEvent *event)
 {
     return event->inputEvent == INPUT_BROKER_UP ||
@@ -547,11 +586,15 @@ int CannedMessageModule::handleDestinationSelectionInput(const InputEvent *event
 
     if (event->kbchar >= 32 && event->kbchar <= 126 && !isUp && !isDown && event->inputEvent != INPUT_BROKER_LEFT &&
         event->inputEvent != INPUT_BROKER_RIGHT && event->inputEvent != INPUT_BROKER_SELECT) {
-        this->searchQuery += (char)event->kbchar;
-        needsUpdate = true;
-        if ((millis() - lastFilterUpdate) > filterDebounceMs) {
-            runOnce(); // update filter immediately
-            lastFilterUpdate = millis();
+        size_t queryLen = strlen(searchQuery);
+        if (queryLen + 1 < sizeof(searchQuery)) {
+            searchQuery[queryLen] = static_cast<char>(event->kbchar);
+            searchQuery[queryLen + 1] = '\0';
+            needsUpdate = true;
+            if ((millis() - lastFilterUpdate) > filterDebounceMs) {
+                runOnce(); // update filter immediately
+                lastFilterUpdate = millis();
+            }
         }
         return 1;
     }
@@ -565,12 +608,13 @@ int CannedMessageModule::handleDestinationSelectionInput(const InputEvent *event
 
     // Handle backspace
     if (event->inputEvent == INPUT_BROKER_BACK) {
-        if (searchQuery.length() > 0) {
-            searchQuery.remove(searchQuery.length() - 1);
+        size_t queryLen = strlen(searchQuery);
+        if (queryLen > 0) {
+            searchQuery[queryLen - 1] = '\0';
             needsUpdate = true;
             runOnce();
         }
-        if (searchQuery.length() == 0) {
+        if (searchQuery[0] == '\0') {
             resetSearch();
             needsUpdate = false;
         }
@@ -641,7 +685,7 @@ int CannedMessageModule::handleDestinationSelectionInput(const InputEvent *event
     if (event->inputEvent == INPUT_BROKER_CANCEL || event->inputEvent == INPUT_BROKER_ALT_LONG) {
         updateState(returnToCannedList ? CANNED_MESSAGE_RUN_STATE_ACTIVE : CANNED_MESSAGE_RUN_STATE_FREETEXT, true);
         returnToCannedList = false;
-        searchQuery = "";
+        searchQuery[0] = '\0';
 
         // UIFrameEvent e;
         // e.action = UIFrameEvent::Action::REGENERATE_FRAMESET;
@@ -671,8 +715,7 @@ bool CannedMessageModule::handleMessageSelectorInput(const InputEvent *event, bo
     if (runState != CANNED_MESSAGE_RUN_STATE_INACTIVE &&
         (event->inputEvent == INPUT_BROKER_CANCEL || event->inputEvent == INPUT_BROKER_ALT_LONG)) {
         updateState(CANNED_MESSAGE_RUN_STATE_INACTIVE);
-        freetext = "";
-        cursor = 0;
+        releaseFreetext();
         payload = 0;
         currentMessageIndex = -1;
 
@@ -762,8 +805,7 @@ bool CannedMessageModule::handleMessageSelectorInput(const InputEvent *event, bo
                         // Return to inactive state
                         this->updateState(CANNED_MESSAGE_RUN_STATE_INACTIVE);
                         this->currentMessageIndex = -1;
-                        this->freetext = "";
-                        this->cursor = 0;
+                        this->releaseFreetext();
 
                         // Force display update to show normal screen
                         UIFrameEvent e;
@@ -822,8 +864,7 @@ bool CannedMessageModule::handleFreeTextInput(const InputEvent *event)
     // Cancel (dismiss freetext screen)
     if (event->inputEvent == INPUT_BROKER_LEFT) {
         updateState(CANNED_MESSAGE_RUN_STATE_INACTIVE);
-        freetext = "";
-        cursor = 0;
+        releaseFreetext();
         payload = 0;
         currentMessageIndex = -1;
 
@@ -946,8 +987,7 @@ bool CannedMessageModule::handleFreeTextInput(const InputEvent *event)
     if (event->inputEvent == INPUT_BROKER_CANCEL || event->inputEvent == INPUT_BROKER_ALT_LONG ||
         (event->inputEvent == INPUT_BROKER_BACK && this->freetext.length() == 0)) {
         updateState(CANNED_MESSAGE_RUN_STATE_INACTIVE);
-        freetext = "";
-        cursor = 0;
+        releaseFreetext();
         payload = 0;
         currentMessageIndex = -1;
 
@@ -1187,8 +1227,7 @@ int32_t CannedMessageModule::runOnce()
         UIFrameEvent e;
         e.action = UIFrameEvent::Action::REGENERATE_FRAMESET;
         this->currentMessageIndex = -1;
-        this->freetext = "";
-        this->cursor = 0;
+        this->releaseFreetext();
         this->notifyObservers(&e);
         return 2000;
     }
@@ -1201,24 +1240,21 @@ int32_t CannedMessageModule::runOnce()
         this->updateState(CANNED_MESSAGE_RUN_STATE_INACTIVE);
         e.action = UIFrameEvent::Action::REGENERATE_FRAMESET;
         this->currentMessageIndex = -1;
-        this->freetext = "";
-        this->cursor = 0;
+        this->releaseFreetext();
         this->notifyObservers(&e);
     }
     // Handle SENDING_ACTIVE state transition after virtual keyboard message
     else if (this->runState == CANNED_MESSAGE_RUN_STATE_SENDING_ACTIVE && this->payload == 0) {
         this->updateState(CANNED_MESSAGE_RUN_STATE_INACTIVE);
         this->currentMessageIndex = -1;
-        this->freetext = "";
-        this->cursor = 0;
+        this->releaseFreetext();
         return INT32_MAX;
     } else if (((this->runState == CANNED_MESSAGE_RUN_STATE_ACTIVE) || (this->runState == CANNED_MESSAGE_RUN_STATE_FREETEXT)) &&
                !Throttle::isWithinTimespanMs(this->lastTouchMillis, INACTIVATE_AFTER_MS)) {
         // Reset module on inactivity
         e.action = UIFrameEvent::Action::REGENERATE_FRAMESET;
         this->currentMessageIndex = -1;
-        this->freetext = "";
-        this->cursor = 0;
+        this->releaseFreetext();
         this->updateState(CANNED_MESSAGE_RUN_STATE_INACTIVE);
 
         // Clean up virtual keyboard if it exists during timeout
@@ -1240,8 +1276,7 @@ int32_t CannedMessageModule::runOnce()
 
                 // Clean up state but *don’t* deactivate yet
                 this->currentMessageIndex = -1;
-                this->freetext = "";
-                this->cursor = 0;
+                this->releaseFreetext();
 
                 // Tell Screen to jump straight to the TextMessage frame
                 e.action = UIFrameEvent::Action::SWITCH_TO_TEXTMESSAGE;
@@ -1267,8 +1302,7 @@ int32_t CannedMessageModule::runOnce()
 
                     // Clean up state
                     this->currentMessageIndex = -1;
-                    this->freetext = "";
-                    this->cursor = 0;
+                    this->releaseFreetext();
 
                     // Tell Screen to jump straight to the TextMessage frame
                     e.action = UIFrameEvent::Action::SWITCH_TO_TEXTMESSAGE;
@@ -1285,8 +1319,7 @@ int32_t CannedMessageModule::runOnce()
         }
         // fallback clean-up if nothing above returned
         this->currentMessageIndex = -1;
-        this->freetext = "";
-        this->cursor = 0;
+        this->releaseFreetext();
 
         e.action = UIFrameEvent::Action::REGENERATE_FRAMESET;
         this->notifyObservers(&e);
@@ -1312,15 +1345,13 @@ int32_t CannedMessageModule::runOnce()
     } else if (this->runState == CANNED_MESSAGE_RUN_STATE_ACTION_UP) {
         if (this->messagesCount > 0) {
             this->currentMessageIndex = getPrevIndex();
-            this->freetext = "";
-            this->cursor = 0;
+            this->releaseFreetext();
             this->updateState(CANNED_MESSAGE_RUN_STATE_ACTIVE);
         }
     } else if (this->runState == CANNED_MESSAGE_RUN_STATE_ACTION_DOWN) {
         if (this->messagesCount > 0) {
             this->currentMessageIndex = this->getNextIndex();
-            this->freetext = "";
-            this->cursor = 0;
+            this->releaseFreetext();
             this->updateState(CANNED_MESSAGE_RUN_STATE_ACTIVE);
         }
     } else if (this->runState == CANNED_MESSAGE_RUN_STATE_FREETEXT || this->runState == CANNED_MESSAGE_RUN_STATE_ACTIVE) {
@@ -1494,8 +1525,10 @@ void CannedMessageModule::drawKeyboard(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState
 
     display->setColor(OLEDDISPLAY_COLOR::WHITE);
 
-    display->drawStringMaxWidth(0, 0, display->getWidth(),
-                                cannedMessageModule->drawWithCursor(cannedMessageModule->freetext, cannedMessageModule->cursor));
+    char msgWithCursor[meshtastic_Constants_DATA_PAYLOAD_LEN + 2];
+    cannedMessageModule->drawWithCursor(msgWithCursor, sizeof(msgWithCursor), cannedMessageModule->freetext.c_str(),
+                                        cannedMessageModule->cursor);
+    display->drawStringMaxWidth(0, 0, display->getWidth(), msgWithCursor);
 
     display->setFont(FONT_MEDIUM);
 
@@ -1681,8 +1714,11 @@ void CannedMessageModule::drawDestinationSelectionScreen(OLEDDisplay *display, O
 
     // Header
     int titleY = 2;
-    String titleText = "Select Destination";
-    titleText += searchQuery.length() > 0 ? " [" + searchQuery + "]" : " [ ]";
+    char titleText[64];
+    if (searchQuery[0])
+        snprintf(titleText, sizeof(titleText), "Select Destination [%s]", searchQuery);
+    else
+        snprintf(titleText, sizeof(titleText), "Select Destination [ ]");
     display->setTextAlignment(TEXT_ALIGN_CENTER);
     display->drawString(display->getWidth() / 2, titleY, titleText);
     display->setTextAlignment(TEXT_ALIGN_LEFT);
@@ -1709,26 +1745,27 @@ void CannedMessageModule::drawDestinationSelectionScreen(OLEDDisplay *display, O
 
         int xOffset = 0;
         int yOffset = row * (FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL - 4) + rowYOffset;
-        std::string entryText;
+        char entryText[96] = "";
 
         // Draw Channels First
         if (itemIndex < numActiveChannels) {
             uint8_t channelIndex = this->activeChannelIndices[itemIndex];
             const char *channelName = channels.getName(channelIndex);
-            entryText = std::string("#") + (channelName ? channelName : "?");
+            snprintf(entryText, sizeof(entryText), "#%s", channelName ? channelName : "?");
         }
         // Then Draw Nodes
         else {
             int nodeIndex = itemIndex - numActiveChannels;
             if (nodeIndex >= 0 && nodeIndex < static_cast<int>(this->filteredNodes.size())) {
                 meshtastic_NodeInfoLite *node = this->filteredNodes[nodeIndex].node;
+                const char *nodeName = nullptr;
                 if (node) {
                     if (display->getWidth() <= 64) {
-                        entryText = node->short_name;
+                        nodeName = node->short_name;
                     } else if (node->long_name[0]) {
-                        entryText = node->long_name;
+                        nodeName = node->long_name;
                     } else {
-                        entryText = node->short_name;
+                        nodeName = node->short_name;
                     }
                 }
 
@@ -1738,22 +1775,21 @@ void CannedMessageModule::drawDestinationSelectionScreen(OLEDDisplay *display, O
                 if (availWidth < 0)
                     availWidth = 0;
                 char truncatedEntry[96];
-                graphics::UIRenderer::truncateStringWithEmotes(display, entryText.c_str(), truncatedEntry, sizeof(truncatedEntry),
+                graphics::UIRenderer::truncateStringWithEmotes(display, nodeName ? nodeName : "", truncatedEntry, sizeof(truncatedEntry),
                                                                availWidth);
-                entryText = truncatedEntry;
+                snprintf(entryText, sizeof(entryText), "%s", truncatedEntry);
 
                 // Prepend "* " if this is a favorite
                 if (nodeInfoLiteIsFavorite(node)) {
-                    entryText = "* " + entryText;
+                    snprintf(entryText, sizeof(entryText), "* %s", truncatedEntry);
                 }
-                graphics::UIRenderer::truncateStringWithEmotes(display, entryText.c_str(), truncatedEntry, sizeof(truncatedEntry),
-                                                               availWidth);
-                entryText = truncatedEntry;
+                graphics::UIRenderer::truncateStringWithEmotes(display, entryText, truncatedEntry, sizeof(truncatedEntry), availWidth);
+                snprintf(entryText, sizeof(entryText), "%s", truncatedEntry);
             }
         }
 
-        if (entryText.empty() || entryText == "Unknown")
-            entryText = "?";
+        if (entryText[0] == '\0' || strcmp(entryText, "Unknown") == 0)
+            snprintf(entryText, sizeof(entryText), "?");
 
         // Highlight background (if selected)
         if (itemIndex == destIndex) {
@@ -1763,7 +1799,7 @@ void CannedMessageModule::drawDestinationSelectionScreen(OLEDDisplay *display, O
         }
 
         // Draw entry text
-        graphics::UIRenderer::drawStringWithEmotes(display, xOffset + 2, yOffset, entryText.c_str(), FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL, 1, false);
+        graphics::UIRenderer::drawStringWithEmotes(display, xOffset + 2, yOffset, entryText, FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL, 1, false);
         display->setColor(WHITE);
 
         // Draw key icon (after highlight)
@@ -2022,8 +2058,9 @@ void CannedMessageModule::drawFrame(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *st
         display->setColor(WHITE);
         {
             int inputY = 0 + y + FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL;
-            String msgWithCursor = this->drawWithCursor(this->freetext, this->cursor);
-            drawWrappedEmoteText(display, x, inputY, msgWithCursor.c_str(), display->getWidth() - x, FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL);
+            char msgWithCursor[meshtastic_Constants_DATA_PAYLOAD_LEN + 2];
+            this->drawWithCursor(msgWithCursor, sizeof(msgWithCursor), this->freetext.c_str(), this->cursor);
+            drawWrappedEmoteText(display, x, inputY, msgWithCursor, display->getWidth() - x, FONT_HEIGHT_SMALL);
         }
 #endif
         return;
@@ -2368,10 +2405,27 @@ void CannedMessageModule::handleSetCannedMessageModuleMessages(const char *from_
     }
 }
 
-String CannedMessageModule::drawWithCursor(String text, int cursor)
+void CannedMessageModule::drawWithCursor(char *buffer, size_t bufferSize, const char *text, size_t cursor)
 {
-    String result = text.substring(0, cursor) + "_" + text.substring(cursor);
-    return result;
+    if (!buffer || bufferSize == 0)
+        return;
+
+    const char *source = text ? text : "";
+    const size_t sourceLen = strlen(source);
+    const size_t cursorIndex = std::min(cursor, sourceLen);
+    const size_t beforeLen = std::min(cursorIndex, bufferSize - 1);
+
+    memcpy(buffer, source, beforeLen);
+    size_t outLen = beforeLen;
+
+    if (outLen < bufferSize - 1)
+        buffer[outLen++] = '_';
+
+    const size_t remaining = bufferSize - 1 - outLen;
+    const size_t afterLen = std::min(sourceLen - cursorIndex, remaining);
+    memcpy(buffer + outLen, source + cursorIndex, afterLen);
+    outLen += afterLen;
+    buffer[outLen] = '\0';
 }
 
 #endif

src/modules/CannedMessageModule.h

@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ class CannedMessageModule : public SinglePortModule, public Observable<const UIF
     void updateDestinationSelectionList();
     void drawDestinationSelectionScreen(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, int16_t x, int16_t y);
     bool isCharInputAllowed() const;
-    String drawWithCursor(String text, int cursor);
+    void drawWithCursor(char *buffer, size_t bufferSize, const char *text, size_t cursor);
 
     // === Emote Picker ===
     int handleEmotePickerInput(const InputEvent *event);
@@ -146,7 +146,8 @@ class CannedMessageModule : public SinglePortModule, public Observable<const UIF
     int visibleRows = 0;
     bool needsUpdate = true;
     unsigned long lastUpdateMillis = 0;
-    String searchQuery;
+    static constexpr size_t searchQuerySize = 33;
+    char searchQuery[searchQuerySize] = {0};
     String freetext;
 
     // === Message Storage ===
@@ -175,6 +176,9 @@ class CannedMessageModule : public SinglePortModule, public Observable<const UIF
     unsigned long lastTouchMillis = 0;
     uint32_t lastFilterUpdate = 0;
     static constexpr uint32_t filterDebounceMs = 30;
+    size_t cachedDestinationNodeCount = 0;
+    char cachedDestinationSearchQuery[searchQuerySize] = {0};
+    bool destinationSelectionCacheValid = false;
     std::vector<uint8_t> activeChannelIndices;
     std::vector<NodeEntry> filteredNodes;
 
@@ -184,6 +188,8 @@ class CannedMessageModule : public SinglePortModule, public Observable<const UIF
 #endif
 
     void updateState(cannedMessageModuleRunState, bool shouldRequestFocus = false);
+    void releaseDestinationSelectionCache();
+    void releaseFreetext();
 
     bool isUpEvent(const InputEvent *event);
     bool isDownEvent(const InputEvent *event);

src/modules/NodeInfoModule.cpp

@@ -158,8 +158,8 @@ meshtastic_MeshPacket *NodeInfoModule::allocReply()
         ignoreRequest = true;
         return NULL;
     } else {
-        ignoreRequest = false; // Don't ignore requests anymore
-        meshtastic_User &u = owner;
+        ignoreRequest = false;     // Don't ignore requests anymore
+        meshtastic_User u = owner; // deliberate copy: the licensed strip below must not clobber the global owner state
 
         // Strip the public key if the user is licensed
         if (u.is_licensed && u.public_key.size > 0) {

src/modules/OnScreenKeyboardModule.cpp

@@ -193,24 +193,36 @@ void OnScreenKeyboardModule::drawPopup(OLEDDisplay *display)
     display->setTextAlignment(TEXT_ALIGN_LEFT);
     const uint16_t maxWrapWidth = display->width() - 40;
 
-    auto wrapText = [&](const char *text, uint16_t availableWidth) -> std::vector<std::string> {
-        std::vector<std::string> wrapped;
+    char lineStorage[maxContentLines + 1][64] = {};
+    const char *linePtrs[maxContentLines + 2] = {};
+    uint8_t lineCount = 0;
+
+    auto appendLine = [&](const std::string &line) {
+        if (line.empty() || lineCount >= maxContentLines + (hasTitle ? 1 : 0))
+            return;
+        strncpy(lineStorage[lineCount], line.c_str(), sizeof(lineStorage[lineCount]) - 1);
+        lineStorage[lineCount][sizeof(lineStorage[lineCount]) - 1] = '\0';
+        linePtrs[lineCount] = lineStorage[lineCount];
+        ++lineCount;
+    };
+
+    auto wrapText = [&](const char *text, uint16_t availableWidth) {
         std::string current;
         std::string word;
         const char *p = text;
-        while (*p && wrapped.size() < maxContentLines) {
+        while (*p && lineCount < maxContentLines + (hasTitle ? 1 : 0)) {
             while (*p && (*p == ' ' || *p == '\t' || *p == '\n' || *p == '\r')) {
                 if (*p == '\n') {
                     if (!current.empty()) {
-                        wrapped.push_back(current);
+                        appendLine(current);
                         current.clear();
-                        if (wrapped.size() >= maxContentLines)
+                        if (lineCount >= maxContentLines + (hasTitle ? 1 : 0))
                             break;
                     }
                 }
                 ++p;
             }
-            if (!*p || wrapped.size() >= maxContentLines)
+            if (!*p || lineCount >= maxContentLines + (hasTitle ? 1 : 0))
                 break;
             word.clear();
             while (*p && *p != ' ' && *p != '\t' && *p != '\n' && *p != '\r')
@@ -223,9 +235,9 @@ void OnScreenKeyboardModule::drawPopup(OLEDDisplay *display)
                 current = test;
             else {
                 if (!current.empty()) {
-                    wrapped.push_back(current);
+                    appendLine(current);
                     current = word;
-                    if (wrapped.size() >= maxContentLines)
+                    if (lineCount >= maxContentLines + (hasTitle ? 1 : 0))
                         break;
                 } else {
                     current = word;
@@ -235,36 +247,26 @@ void OnScreenKeyboardModule::drawPopup(OLEDDisplay *display)
                 }
             }
         }
-        if (!current.empty() && wrapped.size() < maxContentLines)
-            wrapped.push_back(current);
-        return wrapped;
+        if (!current.empty() && lineCount < maxContentLines + (hasTitle ? 1 : 0))
+            appendLine(current);
     };
 
-    std::vector<std::string> allLines;
     if (hasTitle)
-        allLines.emplace_back(popupTitle);
+        appendLine(popupTitle);
 
     char buf[sizeof(popupMessage)];
     strncpy(buf, popupMessage, sizeof(buf) - 1);
     buf[sizeof(buf) - 1] = '\0';
     char *paragraph = strtok(buf, "\n");
-    while (paragraph && allLines.size() < maxContentLines + (hasTitle ? 1 : 0)) {
-        auto wrapped = wrapText(paragraph, maxWrapWidth);
-        for (const auto &ln : wrapped) {
-            if (allLines.size() >= maxContentLines + (hasTitle ? 1 : 0))
-                break;
-            allLines.push_back(ln);
-        }
+    while (paragraph && lineCount < maxContentLines + (hasTitle ? 1 : 0)) {
+        wrapText(paragraph, maxWrapWidth);
         paragraph = strtok(nullptr, "\n");
     }
 
-    std::vector<const char *> ptrs;
-    for (const auto &ln : allLines)
-        ptrs.push_back(ln.c_str());
-    ptrs.push_back(nullptr);
+    linePtrs[lineCount] = nullptr;
 
     // Use the standard notification box drawing from NotificationRenderer
-    NotificationRenderer::drawNotificationBox(display, nullptr, ptrs.data(), allLines.size(), 0, 0);
+    NotificationRenderer::drawNotificationBox(display, nullptr, linePtrs, lineCount, 0, 0);
 }
 
 } // namespace graphics

src/modules/TraceRouteModule.cpp

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ void TraceRouteModule::setResultText(const String &text)
 
 void TraceRouteModule::clearResultLines()
 {
-    resultLines.clear();
+    std::vector<String>().swap(resultLines);
     resultLinesDirty = false;
 }
 #if HAS_SCREEN

src/motion/ICM42607PSensor.cpp

@@ -71,9 +71,6 @@ int32_t ICM42607PSensor::runOnce()
     }
     return MOTION_SENSOR_CHECK_INTERVAL_MS;
 #else
-    int16_t x = 0;
-    int16_t y = 0;
-    int16_t z = 0;
     inv_imu_sensor_event_t event = {};
 
     if (sensor == nullptr || sensor->getDataFromRegisters(event) != 0) {
@@ -85,11 +82,8 @@ int32_t ICM42607PSensor::runOnce()
         return MOTION_SENSOR_CHECK_INTERVAL_MS;
     }
 
-    x = event.accel[0];
-    y = event.accel[1];
-    z = event.accel[2];
-    // LOG_DEBUG("ICM-42607-P accel read x=%.3fg y=%.3fg z=%.3fg", (float)x / ICM42607P_COUNTS_PER_G,
-    //           (float)y / ICM42607P_COUNTS_PER_G, (float)z / ICM42607P_COUNTS_PER_G);
+    // LOG_DEBUG("ICM-42607-P accel read x=%.3fg y=%.3fg z=%.3fg", (float)event.accel[0] / ICM42607P_COUNTS_PER_G,
+    //           (float)event.accel[1] / ICM42607P_COUNTS_PER_G, (float)event.accel[2] / ICM42607P_COUNTS_PER_G);
 
     return MOTION_SENSOR_CHECK_INTERVAL_MS;
 #endif

src/mqtt/ServiceEnvelope.h

@@ -5,7 +5,8 @@
 // meshtastic_ServiceEnvelope that automatically releases dynamically allocated memory when it goes out of scope.
 struct DecodedServiceEnvelope : public meshtastic_ServiceEnvelope {
     DecodedServiceEnvelope(const uint8_t *payload, size_t length);
-    DecodedServiceEnvelope(DecodedServiceEnvelope &) = delete;
+    // const-qualified so std::variant instantiation works on Apple libc++ (copying stays ill-formed either way)
+    DecodedServiceEnvelope(const DecodedServiceEnvelope &) = delete;
     DecodedServiceEnvelope(DecodedServiceEnvelope &&);
     ~DecodedServiceEnvelope();
     // Clients must check that this is true before using.

src/nimble/NimbleBluetooth.cpp

@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ constexpr uint16_t kPreferredBleTxTimeUs = (kPreferredBleTxOctets + 14) * 8;
 
 BLECharacteristic *fromNumCharacteristic;
 BLECharacteristic *BatteryCharacteristic;
+static int lastBatteryLevel = -1; // last value written to 0x2A19, to skip redundant writes/notifies
 BLECharacteristic *logRadioCharacteristic;
 BLEServer *bleServer;
 
@@ -718,6 +719,8 @@ void NimbleBluetooth::deinit()
 #endif
 
     BLEDevice::deinit(true);
+    BatteryCharacteristic = nullptr; // freed by deinit; clear so updateBatteryLevel() won't touch it
+    lastBatteryLevel = -1;
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -856,16 +859,31 @@ void NimbleBluetooth::setupService()
     BatteryCharacteristic = batteryService->createCharacteristic( // 0x2A19 is the Battery Level characteristic)
         (uint16_t)0x2a19, BLECharacteristic::PROPERTY_READ | BLECharacteristic::PROPERTY_NOTIFY);
     BatteryCharacteristic->addDescriptor(batteryLevelDescriptor);
+    // Seed an initial 0-100 level so an early read of 0x2A19 returns a valid value.
+    uint8_t initialLevel = (powerStatus && powerStatus->getHasBattery()) ? powerStatus->getBatteryChargePercent() : 0;
+    if (initialLevel > 100)
+        initialLevel = 100;
+    BatteryCharacteristic->setValue(&initialLevel, 1);
+    lastBatteryLevel = initialLevel;
     batteryService->start();
 }
 
 /// Given a level between 0-100, update the BLE attribute
 void updateBatteryLevel(uint8_t level)
 {
-    if ((config.bluetooth.enabled == true) && nimbleBluetooth && nimbleBluetooth->isConnected()) {
-        BatteryCharacteristic->setValue(&level, 1);
+    if (!config.bluetooth.enabled || !BatteryCharacteristic)
+        return;
+
+    if (level > 100) // 0x2A19 must stay within the BAS 0-100 range
+        level = 100;
+    if (level == lastBatteryLevel)
+        return;
+    lastBatteryLevel = level;
+
+    // Cache the value so a READ works without a subscriber; notify only when connected.
+    BatteryCharacteristic->setValue(&level, 1);
+    if (nimbleBluetooth && nimbleBluetooth->isConnected())
         BatteryCharacteristic->notify();
-    }
 }
 
 void NimbleBluetooth::clearBonds()

src/platform/nrf52/NRF52Bluetooth.cpp

@@ -15,8 +15,9 @@ static BLECharacteristic fromRadio = BLECharacteristic(BLEUuid(FROMRADIO_UUID_16
 static BLECharacteristic toRadio = BLECharacteristic(BLEUuid(TORADIO_UUID_16));
 static BLECharacteristic logRadio = BLECharacteristic(BLEUuid(LOGRADIO_UUID_16));
 
-static BLEDis bledis; // DIS (Device Information Service) helper class instance
-static BLEBas blebas; // BAS (Battery Service) helper class instance
+static BLEDis bledis;             // DIS (Device Information Service) helper class instance
+static BLEBas blebas;             // BAS (Battery Service) helper class instance
+static int lastBatteryLevel = -1; // last value written to BAS, to skip redundant writes/notifies
 #ifndef BLE_DFU_SECURE
 static BLEDfu bledfu; // DFU software update helper service
 #else
@@ -336,6 +337,7 @@ void NRF52Bluetooth::setup()
     LOG_INFO("Init the Battery Service");
     blebas.begin();
     blebas.write(0); // Unknown battery level for now
+    lastBatteryLevel = 0;
     // Setup the Heart Rate Monitor service using
     // BLEService and BLECharacteristic classes
     LOG_INFO("Init the Mesh bluetooth service");
@@ -355,6 +357,14 @@ void NRF52Bluetooth::resumeAdvertising()
 /// Given a level between 0-100, update the BLE attribute
 void updateBatteryLevel(uint8_t level)
 {
+    if (!nrf52Bluetooth) // skip until the Battery Service has been begun in setup()
+        return;
+
+    if (level > 100) // BAS battery level must stay within 0-100
+        level = 100;
+    if (level == lastBatteryLevel)
+        return;
+    lastBatteryLevel = level;
     blebas.write(level);
 }
 void NRF52Bluetooth::clearBonds()

src/platform/nrf52/architecture.h

@@ -85,6 +85,8 @@
 #define HW_VENDOR meshtastic_HardwareModel_T_ECHO
 #elif defined(T_ECHO_LITE)
 #define HW_VENDOR meshtastic_HardwareModel_T_ECHO_LITE
+#elif defined(T_ECHO_CARD)
+#define HW_VENDOR meshtastic_HardwareModel_T_ECHO_CARD
 #elif defined(TTGO_T_ECHO_PLUS)
 #define HW_VENDOR meshtastic_HardwareModel_T_ECHO_PLUS
 #elif defined(ELECROW_ThinkNode_M1)

test/test_http_content_handler/test_main.cpp

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #include "TestUtil.h"
+#include <cstdlib>
 #include <unity.h>
 
 static void test_placeholder()

test/test_traffic_management/test_main.cpp

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #include "TestUtil.h"
+#include <cstdlib>
 #include <unity.h>
 
 #if defined(ARCH_PORTDUINO)

variants/esp32c6/tlora_c6/platformio.ini

@@ -1,7 +1,17 @@
 [env:tlora-c6]
+custom_meshtastic_hw_model = 83
+custom_meshtastic_hw_model_slug = TLORA_C6
+custom_meshtastic_architecture = esp32-c6
+custom_meshtastic_actively_supported = true
+custom_meshtastic_support_level = 1
+custom_meshtastic_display_name = LilyGo T3-C6
+custom_meshtastic_images = tlora-c6.svg
+custom_meshtastic_tags = LilyGo
+
 extends = esp32c6_base
 board = esp32-c6-devkitm-1
 board_level = pr
+
 build_flags = 
   ${esp32c6_base.build_flags}
   -D TLORA_C6

variants/esp32c6/tlora_c6/variant.h

@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@
 #define LORA_RESET 21
 #define SX126X_CS LORA_CS
 #define SX126X_DIO1 23
-#define SX126X_DIO2 20
 #define SX126X_BUSY 22
 #define SX126X_RESET LORA_RESET
 #define SX126X_RXEN 15

variants/esp32s3/ELECROW-ThinkNode-M7/variant.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+void initVariant()
+{
+    pinMode(LED_PAIRING, OUTPUT);
+    digitalWrite(LED_PAIRING, !LED_STATE_ON); // Turn off the LED to start
+}

variants/esp32s3/ELECROW-ThinkNode-M7/variant.h

@@ -6,11 +6,12 @@
 #define UART_TX 43
 #define UART_RX 44
 
-#define WIFI_LED 3
-#define WIFI_STATE_ON 0
+#define LED_PAIRING 46
+#define LED_LORA 46
 
-#define LED_PIN 46
+#define LED_PIN 3
 #define LED_STATE_ON 0
+#define LED_STATE_OFF 1
 #define BUTTON_PIN 4
 #define BUTTON_ACTIVE_LOW true
 #define BUTTON_ACTIVE_PULLUP true

variants/native/portduino.ini

@@ -55,7 +55,6 @@ build_flags_common =
   -lyaml-cpp
   -ljsoncpp
   !pkg-config --cflags jsoncpp --silence-errors || :
-  -li2c
   -luv
   -std=gnu17
   -std=gnu++17

variants/nrf52840/nrf52.ini

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ platform_packages =
 extra_scripts =
   ${env.extra_scripts}
   extra_scripts/nrf52_extra.py
+  pre:extra_scripts/nrf52_lto.py
 
 build_type = release
 build_flags =
@@ -26,6 +27,8 @@ build_flags =
   -DMESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_PAXCOUNTER=1
   -Os
   -std=gnu++17
+  -flto                 ; whole-image LTO (~-60KB) on every nrf52840 target; nrf52_lto.py (pre: extra_script) keeps the interrupt handlers out of LTO so they survive
+  -fmerge-all-constants ; fold identical constants image-wide (~0.7KB; same flag stm32 uses)
 build_unflags =
   -Ofast
   -Og

variants/nrf52840/t-echo-card/platformio.ini

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ debug_tool = jlink
 
 build_flags = ${nrf52840_base.build_flags}
   -I variants/nrf52840/t-echo-card
-  -D PRIVATE_HW
   -D T_ECHO_CARD
 
 build_src_filter = ${nrf52_base.build_src_filter} +<../variants/nrf52840/t-echo-card>