Use const references and local context

Implement batched NodeInfo encoding for more efficient large NodeDB transfer
feat: add new configuration files for LR11xx variants (#9761 )
2026-04-03 06:18:24 -05:00 · 2026-04-02 14:19:50 -05:00 · 2026-04-01 10:46:27 +11:00 · 2026-03-31 07:53:59 -05:00 · 2026-03-30 14:37:29 -05:00 · 2026-03-30 14:36:59 -05:00
157 changed files with 4319 additions and 1144 deletions
@@ -8,8 +8,6 @@ runs:
      uses: actions/checkout@v6
      with:
        submodules: recursive
-        ref: ${{github.event.pull_request.head.ref}}
-        repository: ${{github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name}}

    - name: Install dependencies
      shell: bash
@@ -16,8 +16,7 @@ on:
        type: string

 permissions:
-  contents: write
-  packages: write
+  contents: read

 jobs:
  build-debian-src:
@@ -28,8 +27,6 @@ jobs:
        with:
          submodules: recursive
          path: meshtasticd
-          ref: ${{github.event.pull_request.head.ref}}
-          repository: ${{github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name}}

      - name: Install deps
        shell: bash
@@ -42,6 +39,7 @@ jobs:
          sudo mk-build-deps --install --remove --tool='apt-get -o Debug::pkgProblemResolver=yes --no-install-recommends --yes' debian/control

      - name: Import GPG key
+        if: github.event_name != 'pull_request' && github.event_name != 'pull_request_target'
        uses: crazy-max/ghaction-import-gpg@v7
        with:
          gpg_private_key: ${{ secrets.PPA_GPG_PRIVATE_KEY }}
@@ -60,7 +58,7 @@ jobs:
        run: debian/ci_pack_sdeb.sh
        env:
          SERIES: ${{ inputs.series }}
-          GPG_KEY_ID: ${{ steps.gpg.outputs.keyid }}
+          GPG_KEY_ID: ${{ steps.gpg.outputs.keyid || '' }}
          PKG_VERSION: ${{ steps.version.outputs.deb }}

      - name: Store binaries as an artifact
@@ -26,8 +26,6 @@ jobs:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
        with:
          submodules: recursive
-          ref: ${{github.event.pull_request.head.ref}}
-          repository: ${{github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name}}

      - name: Build ${{ inputs.platform }}
        id: build
@@ -4,9 +4,14 @@ on:
  workflow_dispatch:
    inputs:
      # trunk-ignore(checkov/CKV_GHA_7)
+      target:
+        type: string
+        required: false
+        description: Choose the target board, e.g. nrf52_promicro_diy_tcxo. If blank, will find available targets.
      arch:
        type: choice
        options:
+          - all
          - esp32
          - esp32s3
          - esp32c3
@@ -15,32 +20,18 @@ on:
          - rp2040
          - rp2350
          - stm32
-      target:
-        type: string
-        required: false
-        description: Choose the target board, e.g. nrf52_promicro_diy_tcxo. If blank, will find available targets.
-      # find-target:
-      #   type: boolean
-      #   default: true
-      #   description: 'Find the available targets'
+        description: Choose an arch to limit the search, or 'all' to search all architectures.
+        default: all

 permissions: read-all

 jobs:
  find-targets:
-    if: ${{ inputs.target == '' }}
    strategy:
      fail-fast: false
      matrix:
        arch:
-          - esp32
-          - esp32s3
-          - esp32c3
-          - esp32c6
-          - nrf52840
-          - rp2040
-          - rp2350
-          - stm32
+          - all
    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
@@ -51,14 +42,37 @@ jobs:
      - run: pip install -U platformio
      - name: Generate matrix
        id: jsonStep
+        env:
+          BUILDTARGET: ${{ inputs.target }}
+          MATRIXARCH: ${{ inputs.arch }}
        run: |
          TARGETS=$(./bin/generate_ci_matrix.py ${{matrix.arch}} --level extra)
-          echo "Name: $GITHUB_REF_NAME" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
-          echo "Base: $GITHUB_BASE_REF" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
-          echo "Arch: ${{matrix.arch}}" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
-          echo "Ref: $GITHUB_REF" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
-          echo "Targets:" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
-          echo $TARGETS | jq -r 'sort_by(.board) |.[] | "- " + .board' >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+          if [ "$BUILDTARGET" = "" ]; then
+            echo "Name: $GITHUB_REF_NAME" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+            echo "Base: $GITHUB_BASE_REF" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+            echo "Arch: $MATRIXARCH" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+            echo "Ref: $GITHUB_REF" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+            echo "## 🎯 The following target boards are available to build:" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+            echo "| Platform | Board |" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+            echo "| -------- | ----- |" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+            echo $TARGETS | jq -r 'sort_by(.board) | sort_by(.platform) |.[] | "| " + .platform + " | " + .board + " |" ' >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+          else
+            echo "We build this one:" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+            ARCH=$(echo "$TARGETS" | jq --arg BUILDTARGET "$BUILDTARGET" -r '.[] | select(.board==$BUILDTARGET) | .platform')
+            echo "| Platform | Board |" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+            echo "| -------- | ----- |" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+            echo "| $ARCH | "$BUILDTARGET" |" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+            echo "" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+            if [[ "$ARCH" == "" ]]; then
+              echo "## ❌ Error: Target "$BUILDTARGET" not found!" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+            else
+              echo "## ✅ Target "$BUILDTARGET" found, proceeding to build." >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+            fi
+            echo "You may need to refresh this page to make the built firmware appear below." >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+            echo "arch=$ARCH" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          fi
+    outputs:
+      arch: ${{ steps.jsonStep.outputs.arch }}

  version:
    if: ${{ inputs.target != '' }}
@@ -78,16 +92,16 @@ jobs:

  build:
    if: ${{ inputs.target != '' && inputs.arch != 'native' }}
-    needs: [version]
+    needs: [version, find-targets]
    uses: ./.github/workflows/build_firmware.yml
    with:
      version: ${{ needs.version.outputs.long }}
      pio_env: ${{ inputs.target }}
-      platform: ${{ inputs.arch }}
+      platform: ${{ needs.find-targets.outputs.arch }}

  gather-artifacts:
    permissions:
-      contents: write
+      contents: read
      pull-requests: write
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    needs: [version, build]
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ on:
  workflow_dispatch:
  push:
    branches:
-      - master
+      - develop # Default branch, same as 'cron' above
    paths:
      - debian/**
      - "*.rpkg"
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ on:
      - .github/workflows/hook_copr.yml

 permissions:
-  contents: write
+  contents: read
  packages: write

 jobs:
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ on:
        value: ${{ jobs.docker-build.outputs.digest }}

 permissions:
-  contents: write
+  contents: read
  packages: write

 jobs:
@@ -50,8 +50,6 @@ jobs:
        uses: actions/checkout@v6
        with:
          submodules: recursive
-          ref: ${{github.event.pull_request.head.ref}}
-          repository: ${{github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name}}

      - name: Get release version string
        run: |
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ on:
        type: string

 permissions:
-  contents: write
+  contents: read
  packages: write

 jobs:
@@ -86,8 +86,6 @@ jobs:
        uses: actions/checkout@v6
        with:
          submodules: recursive
-          ref: ${{github.event.pull_request.head.ref}}
-          repository: ${{github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name}}

      - name: Get release version string
        run: |
@@ -11,8 +11,7 @@ on:
        type: string

 permissions:
-  contents: write
-  packages: write
+  contents: read

 jobs:
  build-copr-hook:
@@ -22,8 +21,6 @@ jobs:
        uses: actions/checkout@v6
        with:
          submodules: recursive
-          ref: ${{ github.ref }}
-          repository: ${{ github.repository }}

      - name: Trigger COPR build
        uses: vidplace7/copr-build@main
@@ -15,8 +15,7 @@ on:
      - "**.md"
      - version.properties

-  # Note: This is different from "pull_request". Need to specify ref when doing checkouts.
-  pull_request_target:
+  pull_request:
    branches:
      - master
      - develop
@@ -29,6 +28,8 @@ on:

  workflow_dispatch:

+permissions: read-all
+
 jobs:
  setup:
    strategy:
@@ -88,8 +89,6 @@ jobs:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
        with:
          submodules: recursive
-          ref: ${{github.event.pull_request.head.ref}}
-          repository: ${{github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name}}
      - name: Check ${{ matrix.check.board }}
        uses: meshtastic/gh-action-firmware@main
        with:
@@ -126,9 +125,16 @@ jobs:

  test-native:
    if: ${{ !contains(github.ref_name, 'event/') && github.repository == 'meshtastic/firmware' }}
+    permissions: # Needed for dorny/test-reporter.
+      contents: read
+      actions: read
+      checks: write
    uses: ./.github/workflows/test_native.yml

  docker:
+    permissions: # Needed for pushing to GHCR.
+      contents: read
+      packages: write
    strategy:
      fail-fast: false
      matrix:
@@ -153,9 +159,6 @@ jobs:
  gather-artifacts:
    # trunk-ignore(checkov/CKV2_GHA_1)
    if: github.repository == 'meshtastic/firmware'
-    permissions:
-      contents: write
-      pull-requests: write
    strategy:
      fail-fast: false
      matrix:
@@ -173,9 +176,6 @@ jobs:
    steps:
      - name: Checkout code
        uses: actions/checkout@v6
-        with:
-          ref: ${{github.event.pull_request.head.ref}}
-          repository: ${{github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name}}

      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v8
        with:
@@ -231,13 +231,6 @@ jobs:
          path: ./*.elf
          retention-days: 30

-      - uses: scruplelesswizard/comment-artifact@main
-        if: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' }}
-        with:
-          name: firmware-${{matrix.arch}}-${{ needs.version.outputs.long }}
-          description: "Download firmware-${{matrix.arch}}-${{ needs.version.outputs.long }}.zip. This artifact will be available for 90 days from creation"
-          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-
  shame:
    if: github.repository == 'meshtastic/firmware'
    continue-on-error: true
@@ -245,7 +238,7 @@ jobs:
    needs: [build]
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
-        if: github.event_name == 'pull_request_target'
+        if: github.event_name == 'pull_request'
        with:
          filter: blob:none # means we download all the git history but none of the commit (except ones with checkout like the head)
          fetch-depth: 0
@@ -263,24 +256,26 @@ jobs:
          overwrite: true
          path: manifests-new/*.mt.json
      - name: Find the merge base
-        if: github.event_name == 'pull_request_target'
+        if: github.event_name == 'pull_request'
        run: echo "MERGE_BASE=$(git merge-base "origin/$base" "$head")" >> $GITHUB_ENV
        env:
          base: ${{ github.base_ref }}
          head: ${{ github.sha }}
      # Currently broken (for-loop through EVERY artifact -- rate limiting)
      # - name: Download the old manifests
-      #   if: github.event_name == 'pull_request_target'
+      #   if: github.event_name == 'pull_request'
      #   run: gh run download -R "$repo" --name "manifests-$merge_base" --dir manifest-old/
      #   env:
      #     GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
      #     merge_base: ${{ env.MERGE_BASE }}
      #     repo: ${{ github.repository }}
      # - name: Do scan and post comment
-      #   if: github.event_name == 'pull_request_target'
+      #   if: github.event_name == 'pull_request'
      #   run: python3 bin/shame.py ${{ github.event.pull_request.number }} manifests-old/ manifests-new/

  release-artifacts:
+    permissions: # Needed for 'gh release upload'.
+      contents: write
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    if: ${{ github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && github.repository == 'meshtastic/firmware' }}
    outputs:
@@ -372,6 +367,8 @@ jobs:
          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}

  release-firmware:
+    permissions: # Needed for 'gh release upload'.
+      contents: write
    strategy:
      fail-fast: false
      matrix:
@@ -1,371 +0,0 @@
-name: Merge Queue
-# Not sure how concurrency works in merge_queue, removing for now.
-# concurrency:
-#   group: merge-queue-${{ github.head_ref || github.run_id }}
-#   cancel-in-progress: true
-on:
-  # Merge group is a special trigger that is used to trigger the workflow when a merge group is created.
-  merge_group:
-
-jobs:
-  setup:
-    strategy:
-      fail-fast: true
-      matrix:
-        arch:
-          - all
-          - check
-    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@v6
-        with:
-          python-version: 3.x
-          cache: pip
-      - run: pip install -U platformio
-      - name: Generate matrix
-        id: jsonStep
-        run: |
-          if [[ "$GITHUB_HEAD_REF" == "" ]]; then
-            TARGETS=$(./bin/generate_ci_matrix.py ${{matrix.arch}})
-          else  
-            TARGETS=$(./bin/generate_ci_matrix.py ${{matrix.arch}} --level pr)
-          fi
-          echo "Name: $GITHUB_REF_NAME Base: $GITHUB_BASE_REF Ref: $GITHUB_REF"
-          echo "${{matrix.arch}}=$TARGETS" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-    outputs:
-      all: ${{ steps.jsonStep.outputs.all }}
-      check: ${{ steps.jsonStep.outputs.check }}
-
-  version:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
-      - name: Get release version string
-        run: |
-          echo "long=$(./bin/buildinfo.py long)" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-          echo "deb=$(./bin/buildinfo.py deb)" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-        id: version
-        env:
-          BUILD_LOCATION: local
-    outputs:
-      long: ${{ steps.version.outputs.long }}
-      deb: ${{ steps.version.outputs.deb }}
-
-  check:
-    needs: setup
-    strategy:
-      fail-fast: true
-      matrix:
-        check: ${{ fromJson(needs.setup.outputs.check) }}
-
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    if: ${{ github.event_name != 'workflow_dispatch' }}
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
-      - name: Build base
-        id: base
-        uses: ./.github/actions/setup-base
-      - name: Check ${{ matrix.check.board }}
-        run: bin/check-all.sh ${{ matrix.check.board }}
-
-  build:
-    needs: [setup, version]
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        build: ${{ fromJson(needs.setup.outputs.all) }}
-    uses: ./.github/workflows/build_firmware.yml
-    with:
-      version: ${{ needs.version.outputs.long }}
-      pio_env: ${{ matrix.build.board }}
-      platform: ${{ matrix.build.platform }}
-
-  build-debian-src:
-    if: github.repository == 'meshtastic/firmware'
-    uses: ./.github/workflows/build_debian_src.yml
-    with:
-      series: UNRELEASED
-      build_location: local
-    secrets: inherit
-
-  package-pio-deps-native-tft:
-    if: ${{ github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' }}
-    uses: ./.github/workflows/package_pio_deps.yml
-    with:
-      pio_env: native-tft
-    secrets: inherit
-
-  test-native:
-    if: ${{ !contains(github.ref_name, 'event/') }}
-    uses: ./.github/workflows/test_native.yml
-
-  docker:
-    strategy:
-      fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        distro: [debian, alpine]
-        platform: [linux/amd64, linux/arm64, linux/arm/v7]
-        pio_env: [native, native-tft]
-        exclude:
-          - distro: alpine
-            platform: linux/arm/v7
-          - pio_env: native-tft
-            platform: linux/arm64
-          - pio_env: native-tft
-            platform: linux/arm/v7
-    uses: ./.github/workflows/docker_build.yml
-    with:
-      distro: ${{ matrix.distro }}
-      platform: ${{ matrix.platform }}
-      runs-on: ${{ contains(matrix.platform, 'arm') && 'ubuntu-24.04-arm' || 'ubuntu-24.04' }}
-      pio_env: ${{ matrix.pio_env }}
-      push: false
-
-  gather-artifacts:
-    # trunk-ignore(checkov/CKV2_GHA_1)
-    permissions:
-      contents: write
-      pull-requests: write
-    strategy:
-      fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        arch:
-          - esp32
-          - esp32s3
-          - esp32c3
-          - esp32c6
-          - nrf52840
-          - rp2040
-          - rp2350
-          - stm32
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    needs: [version, build]
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6
-        with:
-          ref: ${{github.event.pull_request.head.ref}}
-          repository: ${{github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name}}
-
-      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v8
-        with:
-          path: ./
-          pattern: firmware-${{matrix.arch}}-*
-          merge-multiple: true
-
-      - name: Display structure of downloaded files
-        run: ls -R
-
-      - name: Move files up
-        run: mv -b -t ./ ./bin/device-*.sh ./bin/device-*.bat
-
-      - name: Repackage in single firmware zip
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
-        with:
-          name: firmware-${{matrix.arch}}-${{ needs.version.outputs.long }}
-          overwrite: true
-          path: |
-            ./firmware-*.bin
-            ./firmware-*.uf2
-            ./firmware-*.hex
-            ./firmware-*.zip
-            ./device-*.sh
-            ./device-*.bat
-            ./littlefs-*.bin
-            ./bleota*bin
-            ./Meshtastic_nRF52_factory_erase*.uf2
-          retention-days: 30
-
-      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v8
-        with:
-          name: firmware-${{matrix.arch}}-${{ needs.version.outputs.long }}
-          merge-multiple: true
-          path: ./output
-
-      # For diagnostics
-      - name: Show artifacts
-        run: ls -lR
-
-      - name: Device scripts permissions
-        run: |
-          chmod +x ./output/device-install.sh || true
-          chmod +x ./output/device-update.sh || true
-
-      - name: Zip firmware
-        run: zip -j -9 -r ./firmware-${{matrix.arch}}-${{ needs.version.outputs.long }}.zip ./output
-
-      - name: Repackage in single elfs zip
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
-        with:
-          name: debug-elfs-${{matrix.arch}}-${{ needs.version.outputs.long }}
-          overwrite: true
-          path: ./*.elf
-          retention-days: 30
-
-      - uses: scruplelesswizard/comment-artifact@main
-        if: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' }}
-        with:
-          name: firmware-${{matrix.arch}}-${{ needs.version.outputs.long }}
-          description: "Download firmware-${{matrix.arch}}-${{ needs.version.outputs.long }}.zip. This artifact will be available for 90 days from creation"
-          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-
-  release-artifacts:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    if: ${{ github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' }}
-    outputs:
-      upload_url: ${{ steps.create_release.outputs.upload_url }}
-    needs:
-      - version
-      - gather-artifacts
-      - build-debian-src
-      - package-pio-deps-native-tft
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6
-
-      - name: Create release
-        uses: softprops/action-gh-release@v2
-        id: create_release
-        with:
-          draft: true
-          prerelease: true
-          name: Meshtastic Firmware ${{ needs.version.outputs.long }} Alpha
-          tag_name: v${{ needs.version.outputs.long }}
-          body: |
-            Autogenerated by github action, developer should edit as required before publishing...
-
-      - name: Download source deb
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8
-        with:
-          pattern: firmware-debian-${{ needs.version.outputs.deb }}~UNRELEASED-src
-          merge-multiple: true
-          path: ./output/debian-src
-
-      - name: Download `native-tft` pio deps
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8
-        with:
-          pattern: platformio-deps-native-tft-${{ needs.version.outputs.long }}
-          merge-multiple: true
-          path: ./output/pio-deps-native-tft
-
-      - name: Zip Linux sources
-        working-directory: output
-        run: |
-          zip -j -9 -r ./meshtasticd-${{ needs.version.outputs.deb }}-src.zip ./debian-src
-          zip -9 -r ./platformio-deps-native-tft-${{ needs.version.outputs.long }}.zip ./pio-deps-native-tft
-
-      # For diagnostics
-      - name: Display structure of downloaded files
-        run: ls -lR
-
-      - name: Add Linux sources to GtiHub Release
-        # Only run when targeting master branch with workflow_dispatch
-        if: ${{ github.ref_name == 'master' }}
-        run: |
-          gh release upload v${{ needs.version.outputs.long }} ./output/meshtasticd-${{ needs.version.outputs.deb }}-src.zip
-          gh release upload v${{ needs.version.outputs.long }} ./output/platformio-deps-native-tft-${{ needs.version.outputs.long }}.zip
-        env:
-          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-
-  release-firmware:
-    strategy:
-      fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        arch:
-          - esp32
-          - esp32s3
-          - esp32c3
-          - esp32c6
-          - nrf52840
-          - rp2040
-          - rp2350
-          - stm32
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    if: ${{ github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' }}
-    needs: [release-artifacts, version]
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6
-
-      - name: Setup Python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@v6
-        with:
-          python-version: 3.x
-
-      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v8
-        with:
-          pattern: firmware-${{matrix.arch}}-${{ needs.version.outputs.long }}
-          merge-multiple: true
-          path: ./output
-
-      - name: Display structure of downloaded files
-        run: ls -lR
-
-      - name: Device scripts permissions
-        run: |
-          chmod +x ./output/device-install.sh || true
-          chmod +x ./output/device-update.sh || true
-
-      - name: Zip firmware
-        run: zip -j -9 -r ./firmware-${{matrix.arch}}-${{ needs.version.outputs.long }}.zip ./output
-
-      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v8
-        with:
-          name: debug-elfs-${{matrix.arch}}-${{ needs.version.outputs.long }}
-          merge-multiple: true
-          path: ./elfs
-
-      - name: Zip debug elfs
-        run: zip -j -9 -r ./debug-elfs-${{matrix.arch}}-${{ needs.version.outputs.long }}.zip ./elfs
-
-      # For diagnostics
-      - name: Display structure of downloaded files
-        run: ls -lR
-
-      - name: Add bins and debug elfs to GitHub Release
-        # Only run when targeting master branch with workflow_dispatch
-        if: ${{ github.ref_name == 'master' }}
-        run: |
-          gh release upload v${{ needs.version.outputs.long }} ./firmware-${{matrix.arch}}-${{ needs.version.outputs.long }}.zip
-          gh release upload v${{ needs.version.outputs.long }} ./debug-elfs-${{matrix.arch}}-${{ needs.version.outputs.long }}.zip
-        env:
-          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-
-  publish-firmware:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
-    if: ${{ github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' }}
-    needs: [release-firmware, version]
-    env:
-      targets: |-
-        esp32,esp32s3,esp32c3,esp32c6,nrf52840,rp2040,rp2350,stm32
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6
-
-      - name: Setup Python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@v6
-        with:
-          python-version: 3.x
-
-      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v8
-        with:
-          pattern: firmware-{${{ env.targets }}}-${{ needs.version.outputs.long }}
-          merge-multiple: true
-          path: ./publish
-
-      - name: Publish firmware to meshtastic.github.io
-        uses: peaceiris/actions-gh-pages@v4
-        env:
-          # On event/* branches, use the event name as the destination prefix
-          DEST_PREFIX: ${{ contains(github.ref_name, 'event/') && format('{0}/', github.ref_name) || '' }}
-        with:
-          deploy_key: ${{ secrets.DIST_PAGES_DEPLOY_KEY }}
-          external_repository: meshtastic/meshtastic.github.io
-          publish_branch: master
-          publish_dir: ./publish
-          destination_dir: ${{ env.DEST_PREFIX }}firmware-${{ needs.version.outputs.long }}
-          keep_files: true
-          user_name: github-actions[bot]
-          user_email: github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com
-          commit_message: ${{ needs.version.outputs.long }}
-          enable_jekyll: true
@@ -18,8 +18,7 @@ on:
        type: string

 permissions:
-  contents: write
-  packages: write
+  contents: read

 jobs:
  build-debian-src:
@@ -16,8 +16,7 @@ on:
        type: string

 permissions:
-  contents: write
-  packages: write
+  contents: read

 jobs:
  pkg-pio-libdeps:
@@ -27,8 +26,6 @@ jobs:
        uses: actions/checkout@v6
        with:
          submodules: recursive
-          ref: ${{github.event.pull_request.head.ref}}
-          repository: ${{github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name}}

      - name: Setup Python
        uses: actions/setup-python@v6
@@ -16,8 +16,7 @@ on:
        type: string

 permissions:
-  contents: write
-  packages: write
+  contents: read

 jobs:
  build-debian-src:
@@ -36,8 +35,6 @@ jobs:
        with:
          submodules: recursive
          path: meshtasticd
-          ref: ${{github.event.pull_request.head.ref}}
-          repository: ${{github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name}}

      - name: Install deps
        shell: bash
@@ -70,5 +67,6 @@ jobs:

      - name: Publish with dput
        if: ${{ github.event_name != 'pull_request_target' && github.event_name != 'pull_request' }}
+        timeout-minutes: 15 # dput is terrible, sometimes runs 'forever'
        run: |
          dput ${{ inputs.ppa_repo }} meshtasticd_${{ steps.version.outputs.deb }}~${{ inputs.series }}_source.changes
@@ -16,8 +16,6 @@ jobs:
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
        with:
-          ref: ${{github.event.pull_request.head.ref}}
-          repository: ${{github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name}}
          submodules: recursive

      - name: Setup native build
@@ -72,8 +70,6 @@ jobs:
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
        with:
-          ref: ${{github.event.pull_request.head.ref}}
-          repository: ${{github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name}}
          submodules: recursive

      - name: Setup native build
@@ -128,9 +124,6 @@ jobs:
    if: always()
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
-        with:
-          ref: ${{github.event.pull_request.head.ref}}
-          repository: ${{github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name}}

      - name: Get release version string
        run: echo "long=$(./bin/buildinfo.py long)" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
@@ -143,7 +136,7 @@ jobs:
          merge-multiple: true

      - name: Test Report
-        uses: dorny/test-reporter@v2.6.0
+        uses: dorny/test-reporter@v3.0.0
        with:
          name: PlatformIO Tests
          path: testreport.xml
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ jobs:
          node-version: 24

      - name: Setup pnpm
-        uses: pnpm/action-setup@v4
+        uses: pnpm/action-setup@v5
        with:
          version: latest

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ permissions: read-all
 jobs:
  update-protobufs:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    permissions:
+    permissions: # Needed for peter-evans/create-pull-request.
      contents: write
      pull-requests: write
    steps:
@@ -8,15 +8,15 @@ plugins:
      uri: https://github.com/trunk-io/plugins
 lint:
  enabled:
-    - checkov@3.2.508
-    - renovate@43.76.3
+    - checkov@3.2.513
+    - renovate@43.100.0
    - prettier@3.8.1
-    - trufflehog@3.93.8
+    - trufflehog@3.94.1
    - yamllint@1.38.0
    - bandit@1.9.4
    - trivy@0.69.3
    - taplo@0.10.0
-    - ruff@0.15.6
+    - ruff@0.15.8
    - isort@8.0.1
    - markdownlint@0.48.0
    - oxipng@10.1.0
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ lint:
    - shellcheck@0.11.0
    - black@26.3.1
    - git-diff-check
-    - gitleaks@8.30.0
+    - gitleaks@8.30.1
    - clang-format@16.0.3
  ignore:
    - linters: [ALL]
@@ -1,3 +1,9 @@
+Meta:
+  name: BananaPi-BPI-R4-sx1262
+  support: community
+  compatible:
+    - bananapi_bpi-r4 # OpenWrt target
+
 Lora:
  Module: sx1262  # BananaPi-BPI-R4 SPI via 26p GPIO Header
 ##  CS: 28
@@ -1,4 +1,10 @@
 ##  https://www.mikroe.com/lr-iot-click
+Meta:
+  name: OpenWRT One mikroBUS LR-IOT-CLICK
+  support: community
+  compatible:
+    - openwrt_one # OpenWrt target
+
 Lora:
  Module: lr1110  # OpenWRT ONE mikroBUS with LR-IOT-CLICK
 #  CS: 25
@@ -1,3 +1,9 @@
+Meta:
+  name: OpenWRT One mikroBUS sx1262
+  support: community
+  compatible:
+    - openwrt_one # OpenWrt target
+
 Lora:
  Module: sx1262
  IRQ: 10
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+# meshtasticd configuration files
+
+This directory contains YAML configuration files for meshtasticd. Each file describes a specific hardware configuration, including the LoRa module and pin assignments. These configurations are used by meshtasticd to correctly interface with the hardware.
+
+## Metadata structure
+
+Each configuration file includes a `Meta` section that provides information about the configuration.
+This configuration is consumed by configuration-selection tools.
+
+```yaml
+Meta:
+  name: MeshAdv-Pi E22-900M30S # A unique identifier for this configuration.
+  support: community # community, official, or deprecated; determined by Meshtastic Leads.
+  compatible: # A list of compatible products or platforms.
+    - raspberry-pi
+```
+`name`: A unique identifier for the configuration, typically reflecting the hardware it supports.
+
+`support`: Indicates the level of support for this configuration. It can be one of the following:
+
+- `community`: Supported by the Meshtastic community. Meshtastic Members may not possess, or have not tested this configuration.
+- `official`: Fully supported by Meshtastic. Meshtastic Members have tested and verified this configuration.
+- `deprecated`: No longer recommended for deployment by Meshtastic.
+
+`compatible`: A list of compatible products or platforms that can use this configuration.
+This will vary depending on the intended use case / platform.
+Multiple compatible entries can be included. E.g. Armbian `BOARD` value or OpenWrt `TARGET` value.
+These tags can be consumed by different configuration-selection tools, filtering based upon their platform/etc.
@@ -1,3 +1,9 @@
+Meta:
+  name: Waveshare 1.44inch LCD HAT
+  support: community
+  compatible:
+    - raspberry-pi
+
 ### Waveshare 1.44inch LCD HAT
 Display:
  Panel: ST7735S
@@ -1,3 +1,9 @@
+Meta:
+  name: Waveshare 2.8inch LCD HAT
+  support: community
+  compatible:
+    - raspberry-pi
+
 Display:

 ### Waveshare 2.8inch RPi LCD
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+---
+Lora:
+## Ebyte E80-900M22S
+## This is a bit experimental
+## 
+##
+  Module: lr1121
+  gpiochip: 1 # subtract 32 from the gpio numbers
+  DIO3_TCXO_VOLTAGE: 1.8
+  CS: 16 #pin6 / GPIO48 1C0
+  IRQ: 23  #pin17 / GPIO55 1C7
+  Busy: 22 #pin16 / GPIO54 1C6
+  Reset: 25 #pin13 / GPIO57 1D1
+
+
+  spidev: spidev0.0 #pins are (CS=16, CLK=17, MOSI=18, MISO=19)
+  spiSpeed: 2000000
+  
+rfswitch_table:
+  pins: [DIO5, DIO6, DIO7]
+  MODE_STBY: [LOW, LOW, LOW]
+  MODE_RX: [LOW, HIGH, LOW]
+  MODE_TX: [HIGH, HIGH, LOW]
+  MODE_TX_HP: [HIGH, LOW, LOW]
+  MODE_TX_HF: [LOW, LOW, LOW]
+  MODE_GNSS: [LOW, LOW, HIGH]
+  MODE_WIFI: [LOW, LOW, LOW]
+
+General:
+  MACAddressSource: eth0
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+---
+Lora:
+## Ebyte E80-900M22S
+## This is a bit experimental
+## 
+##
+  Module: lr1121
+  gpiochip: 1 # subtract 32 from the gpio numbers
+  DIO3_TCXO_VOLTAGE: 1.8
+  CS: 16 #pin6 / GPIO48 1C0
+  IRQ: 23  #pin17 / GPIO55 1C7
+  Busy: 22 #pin16 / GPIO54 1C6
+  Reset: 25 #pin13 / GPIO57 1D1
+
+
+  spidev: spidev0.0 #pins are (CS=16, CLK=17, MOSI=18, MISO=19)
+  spiSpeed: 2000000
+  
+rfswitch_table:
+  pins:
+    - DIO5
+    - DIO6
+  MODE_STBY:
+    - LOW
+    - LOW
+  MODE_RX:
+    - HIGH
+    - LOW
+  MODE_TX:
+    - HIGH
+    - HIGH
+  MODE_TX_HP:
+    - LOW
+    - HIGH
+  MODE_TX_HF:
+    - LOW
+    - LOW
+  MODE_GNSS:
+    - LOW
+    - LOW
+  MODE_WIFI:
+    - LOW
+    - LOW
+
+General:
+  MACAddressSource: eth0
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+---
+Lora:
+## Ebyte E80-900M22S
+## This is a bit experimental
+## 
+##
+  Module: lr1121
+  gpiochip: 1 # subtract 32 from the gpio numbers
+  DIO3_TCXO_VOLTAGE: 1.8
+  CS: 16 #pin6 / GPIO48 1C0
+  IRQ: 23  #pin17 / GPIO55 1C7
+  Busy: 22 #pin16 / GPIO54 1C6
+  Reset: 25 #pin13 / GPIO57 1D1
+
+
+  spidev: spidev0.0 #pins are (CS=16, CLK=17, MOSI=18, MISO=19)
+  spiSpeed: 2000000
+  
+rfswitch_table:
+  pins: [DIO5, DIO6, DIO7]
+  MODE_STBY: [LOW, LOW, LOW]
+  MODE_RX: [LOW, LOW, LOW]
+  MODE_TX: [LOW, HIGH, LOW]
+  MODE_TX_HP: [HIGH, LOW, LOW]
+  # MODE_TX_HF: []
+  # MODE_GNSS: []
+  MODE_WIFI: [LOW, LOW, LOW]
+
+General:
+  MACAddressSource: eth0
@@ -1,3 +1,9 @@
+Meta:
+  name: Adafruit RFM9x
+  support: deprecated
+  compatible:
+    - raspberry-pi
+
 Lora:
  Module: RF95  # Adafruit RFM9x
  Reset: 25
@@ -1,5 +1,11 @@
 # MeshAdv-Pi E22-900M30S
 # https://github.com/chrismyers2000/MeshAdv-Pi-Hat
+Meta:
+  name: MeshAdv-Pi E22-900M30S
+  support: community
+  compatible:
+    - raspberry-pi
+
 Lora:
  Module: sx1262
  CS: 21
@@ -1,5 +1,11 @@
 # MeshAdv Mini E22-900M22S
 # https://github.com/chrismyers2000/MeshAdv-Mini
+Meta:
+  name: MeshAdv Mini E22-900M22S
+  support: community
+  compatible:
+    - raspberry-pi
+
 Lora:
  Module: sx1262  # Ebyte E22-900M22S 
  CS: 8
@@ -1,6 +1,12 @@
+Meta:
+  name: RAK6421 + RAK13300 Slot 1
+  support: official
+  compatible:
+    - raspberry-pi
+
 Lora:

-  ### RAK13300in Slot 1
+  ### RAK13300 in Slot 1
  Module: sx1262
  IRQ: 22 #IO6
  Reset: 16 # IO4
@@ -1,5 +1,11 @@
+Meta:
+  name: RAK6421 + RAK13300 Slot 2
+  support: official
+  compatible:
+    - raspberry-pi
+
 Lora:
-  ### RAK13300in Slot 2 pins
+  ### RAK13300 in Slot 2 pins
  IRQ: 18 #IO6
  Reset: 24 # IO4
  Busy: 19 # IO5
@@ -1,6 +1,12 @@
+Meta:
+  name: RAK6421 + RAK13302 Slot 1
+  support: official
+  compatible:
+    - raspberry-pi
+
 Lora:

-  ### RAK13300in Slot 1
+  ### RAK13302 in Slot 1
  Module: sx1262
  IRQ: 22 #IO6
  Reset: 16 # IO4
@@ -1,5 +1,11 @@
+Meta:
+  name: RAK6421 + RAK13302 Slot 2
+  support: official
+  compatible:
+    - raspberry-pi
+
 Lora:
-  ### RAK13300in Slot 2 pins
+  ### RAK13302 in Slot 2 pins
  IRQ: 18 #IO6
  Reset: 24 # IO4
  Busy: 19 # IO5
@@ -1,20 +1,22 @@
---
-Lora:
-## Ebyte E80-900M22S
-## This is a bit experimental
-## 
-##
-  Module: lr1121
-  gpiochip: 1 # subtract 32 from the gpio numbers
-  DIO3_TCXO_VOLTAGE: 1.8
-  CS: 16 #pin6 / GPIO48 1C0
-  IRQ: 23  #pin17 / GPIO55 1C7
-  Busy: 22 #pin16 / GPIO54 1C6
-  Reset: 25 #pin13 / GPIO57 1D1
-
-
-  spidev: spidev0.0 #pins are (CS=16, CLK=17, MOSI=18, MISO=19)
-  spiSpeed: 2000000
-  
-General:
-  MACAddressSource: eth0
+---
+Meta:
+  name: Femtofox Ebyte E80-900M22S with TCXO
+  support: community
+  compatible:
+    - luckfox-pico-mini # Armbian
+
+Lora:
+## Ebyte E80-900M22S
+## This is a bit experimental
+## 
+##
+  Module: lr1121
+  gpiochip: 1 # subtract 32 from the gpio numbers
+  DIO3_TCXO_VOLTAGE: 1.8
+  CS: 16 #pin6 / GPIO48 1C0
+  IRQ: 23  #pin17 / GPIO55 1C7
+  Busy: 22 #pin16 / GPIO54 1C6
+  Reset: 25 #pin13 / GPIO57 1D1
+
+  spidev: spidev0.0 #pins are (CS=16, CLK=17, MOSI=18, MISO=19)
+  spiSpeed: 2000000
@@ -1,21 +1,24 @@
---
-Lora:
-## Ebyte E22-900M30S, E22-900M22S with or without external RF switching setup
-## HT-RA62 (Has internal switching, but whatever)
-## Seeed WIO SX1262 (already has TXEN-DIO2 link, but needs RXEN)
-## Will work with any module with or without RF switching, and with TCXO
-  Module: sx1262
-  gpiochip: 1 # subtract 32 from the gpio numbers
-  DIO2_AS_RF_SWITCH: true
-  DIO3_TCXO_VOLTAGE: true
-  CS: 16 #pin6 / GPIO48 1C0
-  IRQ: 23  #pin17 / GPIO55 1C7
-  Busy: 22 #pin16 / GPIO54 1C6
-  Reset: 25 #pin13 / GPIO57 1D1
-  RXen: 24 #pin12 / GPIO56 1D0 # Not strictly needed for auto-switching, but why complicate things?
-#  TXen: bridge to DIO2 on E22 module
-  spidev: spidev0.0 #pins are (CS=16, CLK=17, MOSI=18, MISO=19)
-  spiSpeed: 2000000
-  
-General:
-  MACAddressSource: eth0
+---
+Meta:
+  name: Femtofox SX1262 TCXO
+  support: community
+  compatible:
+    - luckfox-pico-mini # Armbian
+
+Lora:
+## Ebyte E22-900M30S, E22-900M22S with or without external RF switching setup
+## HT-RA62 (Has internal switching, but whatever)
+## Seeed WIO SX1262 (already has TXEN-DIO2 link, but needs RXEN)
+## Will work with any module with or without RF switching, and with TCXO
+  Module: sx1262
+  gpiochip: 1 # subtract 32 from the gpio numbers
+  DIO2_AS_RF_SWITCH: true
+  DIO3_TCXO_VOLTAGE: true
+  CS: 16 #pin6 / GPIO48 1C0
+  IRQ: 23  #pin17 / GPIO55 1C7
+  Busy: 22 #pin16 / GPIO54 1C6
+  Reset: 25 #pin13 / GPIO57 1D1
+  RXen: 24 #pin12 / GPIO56 1D0 # Not strictly needed for auto-switching, but why complicate things?
+#  TXen: bridge to DIO2 on E22 module
+  spidev: spidev0.0 #pins are (CS=16, CLK=17, MOSI=18, MISO=19)
+  spiSpeed: 2000000
@@ -1,21 +1,24 @@
---
-Lora:
-## Ebyte E22-900MM22S with no external RF switching setup
-## Waveshare SX126X XXXM, AI Thinker RA-01SH
-## Will work with any module with or without RF switching and no TCXO
-
-  Module: sx1262  
-  gpiochip: 1 # subtract 32 from the gpio numbers
-  DIO2_AS_RF_SWITCH: true
-  DIO3_TCXO_VOLTAGE: false
-  CS: 16 #pin6 / GPIO48 1C0
-  IRQ: 23  #pin17 / GPIO55 1C7
-  Busy: 22 #pin16 / GPIO54 1C6
-  Reset: 25 #pin13 / GPIO57 1D1 
-  RXen: 24 #pin12 / GPIO56 1D0 # Not strictly needed for auto-switching, but why complicate things?
-#  TXen: bridge to DIO2 on E22 module
-  spidev: spidev0.0 #pins are (CS=16, CLK=17, MOSI=18, MISO=19)
-  spiSpeed: 2000000
-
-General:
-  MACAddressSource: eth0
+---
+Meta:
+  name: Femtofox SX1262 XTAL
+  support: community
+  compatible:
+    - luckfox-pico-mini # Armbian
+
+Lora:
+## Ebyte E22-900MM22S with no external RF switching setup
+## Waveshare SX126X XXXM, AI Thinker RA-01SH
+## Will work with any module with or without RF switching and no TCXO
+
+  Module: sx1262  
+  gpiochip: 1 # subtract 32 from the gpio numbers
+  DIO2_AS_RF_SWITCH: true
+  DIO3_TCXO_VOLTAGE: false
+  CS: 16 #pin6 / GPIO48 1C0
+  IRQ: 23  #pin17 / GPIO55 1C7
+  Busy: 22 #pin16 / GPIO54 1C6
+  Reset: 25 #pin13 / GPIO57 1D1 
+  RXen: 24 #pin12 / GPIO56 1D0 # Not strictly needed for auto-switching, but why complicate things?
+#  TXen: bridge to DIO2 on E22 module
+  spidev: spidev0.0 #pins are (CS=16, CLK=17, MOSI=18, MISO=19)
+  spiSpeed: 2000000
@@ -1,6 +1,12 @@
+Meta:
+  name: RAK6421 + RAK13300 Slot 1 (Autoconf default)
+  support: official
+  compatible:
+    - raspberry-pi
+
 Lora:

-  ### RAK13300in Slot 1
+  ### RAK13300 in Slot 1
  Module: sx1262
  IRQ: 22 #IO6
  Reset: 16 # IO4
@@ -1,3 +1,9 @@
+Meta:
+  name: Luckfox Lyra PicoCalc Wio LoRa SX1262
+  support: official
+  compatible:
+    - luckfox-lyra-plus # Armbian
+
 Lora:
  Module: sx1262
  DIO2_AS_RF_SWITCH: true
@@ -2,6 +2,13 @@
 # Enable overlay 'luckfox-lyra-ultra-w-spi0-cs0-spidev' with armbian-config
 # https://github.com/wehooper4/Meshtastic-Hardware/tree/main/Luckfox%20Ultra%20Hat
 # 1 Watt Lyra Ultra hat
+Meta:
+  name: wehooper4 Luckfox Ultra 1W
+  support: community
+  compatible:
+    - luckfox-pico-ultra # Armbian
+    - luckfox-lyra-ultra # Armbian
+
 Lora:
  Module: sx1262
  DIO2_AS_RF_SWITCH: true
@@ -2,6 +2,13 @@
 # Enable overlay 'luckfox-lyra-ultra-w-spi0-cs0-spidev' with armbian-config
 # https://github.com/wehooper4/Meshtastic-Hardware/tree/main/Luckfox%20Ultra%20Hat
 # 2 Watt Lyra Ultra hat
+Meta:
+  name: wehooper4 Luckfox Ultra 2W
+  support: community
+  compatible:
+    - luckfox-pico-ultra # Armbian
+    - luckfox-lyra-ultra # Armbian
+
 Lora:
  Module: sx1262
  DIO2_AS_RF_SWITCH: true
@@ -2,6 +2,12 @@
 # Enable overlay 'luckfox-lyra-plus-spi0-cs0_rmio13-spidev' with armbian-config
 # Waveshare LoRa HAT for Raspberry Pi Pico
 # https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/Pico-LoRa-SX1262
+Meta:
+  name: Waveshare LoRa HAT for Raspberry Pi Pico
+  support: community
+  compatible:
+    - luckfox-lyra-plus # Armbian
+
 Lora:
  Module: sx1262
  DIO2_AS_RF_SWITCH: true
@@ -1,3 +1,9 @@
+Meta:
+  name: Lora Meshstick SX1262
+  support: official
+  compatible:
+    - usb
+
 Lora:
  Module: sx1262
  CS: 0
@@ -1,3 +1,9 @@
+Meta:
+  name: Lora Meshstick SX1262
+  support: community
+  compatible:
+    - usb
+
 Lora:
  Module: lr1121
  CS: 0
@@ -1,5 +1,11 @@
+Meta:
+  name: Pinedio USB SX1262
+  support: deprecated
+  compatible:
+    - usb
+
 Lora:
  Module: sx1262
  CS: 0 
  IRQ: 10
-  spidev: ch341
+  spidev: ch341
@@ -1,3 +1,9 @@
+Meta:
+  name: raxda-rock2f-starter-edition-hat
+  support: community
+  compatible:
+    - rock-2f # Armbian
+
 Lora:

 ### Raxda Rock 2F running Armbian Linux 6.1.99-vendor-rk35xx
@@ -1,5 +1,11 @@
 # https://www.waveshare.com/core1262-868m.htm
 # https://github.com/markbirss/lora-starter-edition-sx1262-i2c
+Meta:
+  name: lora-starter-edition-sx1262-i2c
+  support: community
+  compatible:
+    - raspberry-pi
+
 Lora:
  Module: sx1262  # Starter Edition SX1262 I2C Raspberry Pi HAT
  DIO2_AS_RF_SWITCH: true
@@ -1,3 +1,9 @@
+Meta:
+  name: meshstick-1262
+  support: official
+  compatible:
+    - usb
+
 Lora:
  Module: sx1262
  CS: 0
@@ -1,3 +1,9 @@
+Meta:
+  name: meshtoad-e22
+  support: official
+  compatible:
+    - usb
+
 Lora:
  Module: sx1262
  CS: 0
@@ -1,3 +1,9 @@
+Meta:
+  name: umesh-1262-30dbm
+  support: community
+  compatible:
+    - clockwork-uconsole
+
 Lora:
  Module: sx1262
  CS: 0
@@ -1,3 +1,9 @@
+Meta:
+  name: umesh-1268-30dbm
+  support: community
+  compatible:
+    - clockwork-uconsole
+
 Lora:
  Module: sx1268
  CS: 0
@@ -1,3 +1,9 @@
+Meta:
+  name: Waveshare SX1262
+  support: deprecated
+  compatible:
+    - raspberry-pi
+
 Lora:
  Module: sx1262  # Waveshare SX126X XXXM
  DIO2_AS_RF_SWITCH: true
@@ -1,5 +1,12 @@
 # https://www.waveshare.com/pico-lora-sx1262-868m.htm
 # https://github.com/markbirss/lora-ws-raspberry-pi-pico-to-rpi-adapter
+
+Meta:
+  name: ws-raspberry-pico-to-rpi-adapter
+  support: community
+  compatible:
+    - raspberry-pi
+
 Lora:
  Module: sx1262  # Waveshare Raspberry Pi Pico to Raspberry Pi HAT Adapter
  DIO2_AS_RF_SWITCH: true
@@ -15,6 +15,12 @@
 #   5     CS          24
 #   26    DIO1/IRQ    26

+Meta:
+  name: ws-raspberry-pico-to-orangepi-03
+  support: community
+  compatible:
+    - orange-pi-zero-3 # Armbian
+
 Lora:
  Module: sx1262  # Waveshare Raspberry Pico Lora module
  DIO2_AS_RF_SWITCH: true
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ for pio_env in pio_envs:
  env = {
    "ci": {"board": pio_env, "platform": env_platform},
    "board_level": cfg.get(f"env:{pio_env}", "board_level", default=None),
-    "board_check": bool(cfg.get(f"env:{pio_env}", "board_check", default=False)),
+    "board_check": cfg.get(f"env:{pio_env}", "board_check", default="false").strip().lower() == "true",
  }
  all_envs.append(env)

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+{
+  "build": {
+    "arduino": {
+      "ldscript": "nrf52840_s140_v6.ld"
+    },
+    "core": "nRF5",
+    "cpu": "cortex-m4",
+    "extra_flags": "-DNRF52840_XXAA",
+    "f_cpu": "64000000L",
+    "hwids": [
+      ["0x239A", "0x4405"],
+      ["0x239A", "0x0029"],
+      ["0x239A", "0x002A"],
+      ["0x2886", "0x1667"]
+    ],
+    "usb_product": "HT-n5262G",
+    "mcu": "nrf52840",
+    "variant": "heltec_mesh_node_t096",
+    "variants_dir": "variants",
+    "bsp": {
+      "name": "adafruit"
+    },
+    "softdevice": {
+      "sd_flags": "-DS140",
+      "sd_name": "s140",
+      "sd_version": "6.1.1",
+      "sd_fwid": "0x00B6"
+    },
+    "bootloader": {
+      "settings_addr": "0xFF000"
+    }
+  },
+  "connectivity": ["bluetooth"],
+  "debug": {
+    "jlink_device": "nRF52840_xxAA",
+    "onboard_tools": ["jlink"],
+    "svd_path": "nrf52840.svd",
+    "openocd_target": "nrf52840-mdk-rs"
+  },
+  "frameworks": ["arduino"],
+  "name": "Heltec nrf (Adafruit BSP)",
+  "upload": {
+    "maximum_ram_size": 248832,
+    "maximum_size": 815104,
+    "speed": 115200,
+    "protocol": "nrfutil",
+    "protocols": ["jlink", "nrfjprog", "nrfutil", "stlink"],
+    "use_1200bps_touch": true,
+    "require_upload_port": true,
+    "wait_for_upload_port": true
+  },
+  "url": "https://heltec.org/",
+  "vendor": "Heltec"
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+{
+  "build": {
+    "arduino": {
+      "ldscript": "esp32s3_out.ld",
+      "memory_type": "qio_opi",
+      "partitions": "default_16MB.csv"
+    },
+    "core": "esp32",
+    "extra_flags": [
+      "-DBOARD_HAS_PSRAM",
+      "-DARDUINO_RUNNING_CORE=1",
+      "-DARDUINO_EVENT_RUNNING_CORE=0",
+      "-DARDUINO_USB_CDC_ON_BOOT=1",
+      "-DARDUINO_USB_MODE=1"
+    ],
+    "f_cpu": "240000000L",
+    "f_flash": "80000000L",
+    "flash_mode": "qio",
+    "hwids": [["0x303A", "0x1001"]],
+    "mcu": "esp32s3",
+    "variant": "esp32s3"
+  },
+  "connectivity": ["wifi", "bluetooth", "lora"],
+  "debug": {
+    "openocd_target": "esp32s3.cfg"
+  },
+  "frameworks": ["arduino", "espidf"],
+  "name": "LilyGo T5-ePaper-S3",
+  "upload": {
+    "flash_size": "16MB",
+    "maximum_ram_size": 327680,
+    "maximum_size": 16777216,
+    "require_upload_port": true,
+    "speed": 921600
+  },
+  "url": "https://lilygo.cc/products/t5-e-paper-s3-pro",
+  "vendor": "LILYGO"
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+{
+  "build": {
+    "arduino": {
+      "ldscript": "esp32_out.ld"
+    },
+    "core": "esp32",
+    "extra_flags": "-DARDUINO_T_Beam",
+    "f_cpu": "240000000L",
+    "f_flash": "40000000L",
+    "flash_mode": "dio",
+    "mcu": "esp32",
+    "variant": "tbeam"
+  },
+  "connectivity": ["wifi", "bluetooth", "can", "ethernet"],
+  "debug": {
+    "openocd_board": "esp-wroom-32.cfg"
+  },
+  "frameworks": ["arduino", "espidf"],
+  "name": "TTGO T-Beam (PSRAM Disabled)",
+  "upload": {
+    "flash_size": "4MB",
+    "maximum_ram_size": 1310720,
+    "maximum_size": 4194304,
+    "require_upload_port": true,
+    "speed": 460800
+  },
+  "url": "https://github.com/LilyGO/TTGO-T-Beam",
+  "vendor": "TTGO"
+}
@@ -27,5 +27,10 @@ rm -rf debian/changelog
 dch --create --distribution "$SERIES" --package "$package" --newversion "$PKG_VERSION~$SERIES" \
 	"GitHub Actions Automatic packaging for $PKG_VERSION~$SERIES"

-# Build the source deb
-debuild -S -nc -k"$GPG_KEY_ID"
+if [[ -n $GPG_KEY_ID ]]; then
+	# Build and sign the source deb
+	debuild -S -nc -k"$GPG_KEY_ID"
+else
+	# Build the source deb without signing (forks)
+	debuild -S -nc
+fi
@@ -77,10 +77,10 @@ lib_deps =
 	https://github.com/meshtastic/TinyGPSPlus/archive/71a82db35f3b973440044c476d4bcdc673b104f4.zip
 	# renovate: datasource=git-refs depName=meshtastic-ArduinoThread packageName=https://github.com/meshtastic/ArduinoThread gitBranch=master
 	https://github.com/meshtastic/ArduinoThread/archive/b841b0415721f1341ea41cccfb4adccfaf951567.zip
-	# renovate: datasource=custom.pio depName=Nanopb packageName=nanopb/library/Nanopb
-	nanopb/Nanopb@0.4.91
-	# renovate: datasource=custom.pio depName=ErriezCRC32 packageName=erriez/library/ErriezCRC32
-	erriez/ErriezCRC32@1.0.1
+	# renovate: datasource=github-tags depName=Nanopb packageName=nanopb/nanopb
+	https://github.com/nanopb/nanopb/archive/refs/tags/nanopb-0.4.9.1.zip
+	# renovate: datasource=github-tags depName=ErriezCRC32 packageName=Erriez/ErriezCRC32
+	https://github.com/Erriez/ErriezCRC32/archive/refs/tags/1.0.1.zip

 ; Used for the code analysis in PIO Home / Inspect
 check_tool = cppcheck
@@ -95,8 +95,8 @@ check_flags =
 framework = arduino
 lib_deps =
 	${env.lib_deps}
-	# renovate: datasource=custom.pio depName=NonBlockingRTTTL packageName=end2endzone/library/NonBlockingRTTTL
-	end2endzone/NonBlockingRTTTL@1.4.0
+	# renovate: datasource=github-tags depName=NonBlockingRTTTL packageName=end2endzone/NonBlockingRTTTL
+	https://github.com/end2endzone/NonBlockingRTTTL/archive/refs/tags/1.4.0.zip
 build_unflags =
 	-std=c++11
 	-std=gnu++11
@@ -107,26 +107,26 @@ build_src_filter = ${env.build_src_filter} -<platform/portduino/> -<graphics/nic
 ; Common libs for communicating over TCP/IP networks such as MQTT
 [networking_base]
 lib_deps =
-	# renovate: datasource=custom.pio depName=TBPubSubClient packageName=thingsboard/library/TBPubSubClient
-	thingsboard/TBPubSubClient@2.12.1
-	# renovate: datasource=custom.pio depName=NTPClient packageName=arduino-libraries/library/NTPClient
-	arduino-libraries/NTPClient@3.2.1
+	# renovate: datasource=github-tags depName=TBPubSubClient packageName=thingsboard/pubsubclient
+	https://github.com/thingsboard/pubsubclient/archive/refs/tags/v2.12.1.zip
+	# renovate: datasource=github-tags depName=NTPClient packageName=arduino-libraries/NTPClient
+	https://github.com/arduino-libraries/NTPClient/archive/refs/tags/3.2.1.zip

 ; Extra TCP/IP networking libs for supported devices
 [networking_extra]
 lib_deps =
-	# renovate: datasource=custom.pio depName=Syslog packageName=arcao/library/Syslog
-	arcao/Syslog@2.0.0
+	# renovate: datasource=github-tags depName=Syslog packageName=arcao/Syslog
+	https://github.com/arcao/Syslog/archive/refs/tags/v2.0.zip

 [radiolib_base]
 lib_deps =
-	# renovate: datasource=custom.pio depName=RadioLib packageName=jgromes/library/RadioLib
-	jgromes/RadioLib@7.6.0
+	# renovate: datasource=github-tags depName=RadioLib packageName=jgromes/RadioLib
+	https://github.com/jgromes/RadioLib/archive/refs/tags/7.6.0.zip

 [device-ui_base]
 lib_deps =
 	# renovate: datasource=git-refs depName=meshtastic/device-ui packageName=https://github.com/meshtastic/device-ui gitBranch=master
-	https://github.com/meshtastic/device-ui/archive/622b034d8791153de9d16a473723cb8625d35839.zip
+	https://github.com/meshtastic/device-ui/archive/7b1485b86c8d55a40e5226749097767e8b87f396.zip

 ; Common libs for environmental measurements in telemetry module
 [environmental_base]
@@ -233,5 +233,5 @@ lib_deps =
 [environmental_extra_no_bsec]
 lib_deps =
 	${environmental_extra_common.lib_deps}
-	# renovate: datasource=custom.pio depName=adafruit/Adafruit BME680 Library packageName=adafruit/library/Adafruit BME680
-	adafruit/Adafruit BME680 Library@^2.0.5
+	# renovate: datasource=custom.pio depName=Adafruit_BME680 packageName=adafruit/library/Adafruit BME680 Library
+	adafruit/Adafruit BME680 Library@2.0.6
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@
    ":dependencyDashboard",
    ":semanticCommitTypeAll(chore)",
    ":ignoreModulesAndTests",
+    ":noUnscheduledUpdates",
+    "schedule:daily",
    "group:recommended",
    "replacements:all",
    "workarounds:all"
@@ -98,7 +98,6 @@ Syslog &Syslog::logMask(uint8_t priMask)

 void Syslog::enable()
 {
-    this->_client->begin(this->_port);
    this->_enabled = true;
 }

@@ -166,14 +165,21 @@ inline bool Syslog::_sendLog(uint16_t pri, const char *appName, const char *mess
    if ((pri & LOG_FACMASK) == 0)
        pri = LOG_MAKEPRI(LOG_FAC(this->_priDefault), pri);

+    // W5100S: acquire UDP socket on-demand to avoid permanent socket consumption
+    if (!this->_client->begin(this->_port)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
    if (this->_server != NULL) {
        result = this->_client->beginPacket(this->_server, this->_port);
    } else {
        result = this->_client->beginPacket(this->_ip, this->_port);
    }

-    if (result != 1)
+    if (result != 1) {
+        this->_client->stop();
        return false;
+    }

    this->_client->print('<');
    this->_client->print(pri);
@@ -193,6 +199,8 @@ inline bool Syslog::_sendLog(uint16_t pri, const char *appName, const char *mess
    this->_client->print(message);
    this->_client->endPacket();

+    this->_client->stop(); // W5100S: release UDP socket for other services
+
    return true;
 }

@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@ const char *DisplayFormatters::getModemPresetDisplayName(meshtastic_Config_LoRaC
                                                         bool usePreset)
 {

-    // If use_preset is false, always return "Custom"
+    // If use_preset is false, always return "Custom" — callers such as RadioInterface and Channels
+    // rely on this being a stable literal for channel-name hashing and default-channel detection.
    if (!usePreset) {
        return "Custom";
    }
@@ -35,6 +35,11 @@
 #include "nrfx_power.h"
 #endif

+#if defined(ARCH_NRF52)
+#include "Nrf52SaadcLock.h"
+#include "concurrency/LockGuard.h"
+#endif
+
 #if defined(DEBUG_HEAP_MQTT) && !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_MQTT
 #include "mqtt/MQTT.h"
 #include "target_specific.h"
@@ -328,6 +333,9 @@ class AnalogBatteryLevel : public HasBatteryLevel
            scaled = esp_adc_cal_raw_to_voltage(raw, adc_characs);
            scaled *= operativeAdcMultiplier;
 #else // block for all other platforms
+#ifdef ARCH_NRF52
+            concurrency::LockGuard saadcGuard(concurrency::nrf52SaadcLock);
+#endif
            for (uint32_t i = 0; i < BATTERY_SENSE_SAMPLES; i++) {
                raw += analogRead(BATTERY_PIN);
            }
@@ -6,6 +6,11 @@
 #include "Tone.h"
 #endif

+#if defined(HAS_I2S)
+#include "main.h"
+#include <unordered_map>
+#endif
+
 #if !defined(ARCH_PORTDUINO)
 extern "C" void delay(uint32_t dwMs);
 #endif
@@ -50,6 +55,50 @@ const int DURATION_1_2 = 500;  // 1/2 note
 const int DURATION_3_4 = 750;  // 3/4 note
 const int DURATION_1_1 = 1000; // 1/1 note

+#ifdef HAS_I2S
+void playTonesRTTTL(const ToneDuration *tone_durations, int size)
+{
+    // translate ToneDuration[] to RTTTL string and play using audioThread
+    static std::unordered_map<int, std::string> freqToNote = {
+        {NOTE_C3, "c4"},   {NOTE_CS3, "c#4"}, {NOTE_D3, "d4"},   {NOTE_DS3, "d#4"}, {NOTE_E3, "e4"},   {NOTE_F3, "f4"},
+        {NOTE_FS3, "f#4"}, {NOTE_G3, "g4"},   {NOTE_GS3, "g#4"}, {NOTE_A3, "a4"},   {NOTE_AS3, "a#4"}, {NOTE_B3, "b4"},
+        {NOTE_C4, "c5"},   {NOTE_E4, "e5"},   {NOTE_G4, "g5"},   {NOTE_A4, "a5"},   {NOTE_C5, "c6"},   {NOTE_E5, "e6"},
+        {NOTE_G5, "g6"},   {NOTE_F5, "f6"},   {NOTE_G6, "g7"},   {NOTE_E7, "e8"}};
+
+    char rtttl[128] = "tone:d=32,o=4,b=200:"; // default duration and octave
+    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+        const auto &td = tone_durations[i];
+        std::string note = "b4";
+        if (freqToNote.find(td.frequency_khz) != freqToNote.end()) {
+            note = freqToNote[td.frequency_khz];
+        }
+        int dur = 32; // default duration
+        if (td.duration_ms >= 1000)
+            dur = 1;
+        else if (td.duration_ms >= 500)
+            dur = 2;
+        else if (td.duration_ms >= 250)
+            dur = 4;
+        else if (td.duration_ms >= 125)
+            dur = 8;
+        else if (td.duration_ms >= 62)
+            dur = 16;
+        else
+            dur = 32;
+
+        char noteStr[64];
+        snprintf(noteStr, sizeof(noteStr), "%s,%d", note.c_str(), dur);
+        strncat(rtttl, noteStr, sizeof(rtttl) - strlen(rtttl) - 1);
+
+        audioThread->beginRttl(rtttl, strlen(rtttl));
+        while (audioThread->isPlaying()) {
+            delay(10);
+        }
+        return;
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
 void playTones(const ToneDuration *tone_durations, int size)
 {
    if (config.device.buzzer_mode == meshtastic_Config_DeviceConfig_BuzzerMode_DISABLED ||
@@ -57,7 +106,13 @@ void playTones(const ToneDuration *tone_durations, int size)
        // Buzzer is disabled or not set to system tones
        return;
    }
-#ifdef PIN_BUZZER
+#ifdef HAS_I2S
+    if (moduleConfig.external_notification.use_i2s_as_buzzer && audioThread) {
+        playTonesRTTTL(tone_durations, size);
+        return;
+    }
+#endif
+#if defined(PIN_BUZZER)
    if (!config.device.buzzer_gpio)
        config.device.buzzer_gpio = PIN_BUZZER;
 #endif
@@ -156,8 +156,19 @@ along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

 #ifdef USE_KCT8103L_PA
 // Power Amps are often non-linear, so we can use an array of values for the power curve
+#if defined(HELTEC_WIRELESS_TRACKER_V2)
 #define NUM_PA_POINTS 22
 #define TX_GAIN_LORA 14, 14, 14, 14, 14, 14, 14, 14, 14, 14, 14, 14, 13, 13, 13, 12, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7
+#elif defined(HELTEC_MESH_NODE_T096)
+#define NUM_PA_POINTS 22
+#define TX_GAIN_LORA 14, 14, 14, 14, 14, 14, 14, 14, 14, 14, 14, 14, 14, 13, 13, 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7
+#else
+// If a board enables USE_KCT8103L_PA but does not match a known variant and has
+// not already provided a PA curve, fail at compile time to avoid unsafe defaults.
+#if !defined(NUM_PA_POINTS) || !defined(TX_GAIN_LORA)
+#error "USE_KCT8103L_PA is defined, but no PA gain curve (NUM_PA_POINTS / TX_GAIN_LORA) is configured for this board."
+#endif
+#endif
 #endif

 #ifdef RAK13302
@@ -103,6 +103,14 @@ static int32_t gpsSwitch()
    if (gps) {
        int currentState = digitalRead(PIN_GPS_SWITCH);

+        // Respect explicit NOT_PRESENT mode and do not let the hardware switch re-enable GPS.
+        if (config.position.gps_mode == meshtastic_Config_PositionConfig_GpsMode_NOT_PRESENT) {
+            gps->disable();
+            lastState = currentState;
+            firstrun = false;
+            return 1000;
+        }
+
        // if the switch is set to zero, disable the GPS Thread
        if (firstrun)
            if (currentState == LOW)
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 #include "configuration.h"
 #include "detect/ScanI2C.h"
 #include "main.h"
+#include "modules/NodeInfoModule.h"
 #include <Throttle.h>
 #include <sys/time.h>
 #include <time.h>
@@ -12,6 +13,14 @@ uint32_t lastSetFromPhoneNtpOrGps = 0;
 static uint32_t lastTimeValidationWarning = 0;
 static const uint32_t TIME_VALIDATION_WARNING_INTERVAL_MS = 15000; // 15 seconds

+static void triggerNodeInfoCheckOnTimeSource(RTCQuality oldQuality, RTCQuality newQuality)
+{
+    if (oldQuality == RTCQualityNone && newQuality > RTCQualityNone && nodeInfoModule) {
+        LOG_DEBUG("Time source acquired (%s -> %s), triggering NodeInfo recheck", RtcName(oldQuality), RtcName(newQuality));
+        nodeInfoModule->triggerImmediateNodeInfoCheck();
+    }
+}
+
 RTCQuality getRTCQuality()
 {
    return currentQuality;
@@ -61,9 +70,11 @@ RTCSetResult readFromRTC()
        LOG_DEBUG("Read RTC time from RV3028 getTime as %02d-%02d-%02d %02d:%02d:%02d (%ld)", t.tm_year + 1900, t.tm_mon + 1,
                  t.tm_mday, t.tm_hour, t.tm_min, t.tm_sec, printableEpoch);
        if (currentQuality == RTCQualityNone) {
+            RTCQuality oldQuality = currentQuality;
            timeStartMsec = now;
            zeroOffsetSecs = tv.tv_sec;
            currentQuality = RTCQualityDevice;
+            triggerNodeInfoCheckOnTimeSource(oldQuality, currentQuality);
        }
        return RTCSetResultSuccess;
    } else {
@@ -105,9 +116,11 @@ RTCSetResult readFromRTC()
        LOG_DEBUG("Read RTC time from %s getDateTime as %02d-%02d-%02d %02d:%02d:%02d (%ld)", rtc.getChipName(), t.tm_year + 1900,
                  t.tm_mon + 1, t.tm_mday, t.tm_hour, t.tm_min, t.tm_sec, printableEpoch);
        if (currentQuality == RTCQualityNone) {
+            RTCQuality oldQuality = currentQuality;
            timeStartMsec = now;
            zeroOffsetSecs = tv.tv_sec;
            currentQuality = RTCQualityDevice;
+            triggerNodeInfoCheckOnTimeSource(oldQuality, currentQuality);
        }
        return RTCSetResultSuccess;
    } else {
@@ -139,9 +152,11 @@ RTCSetResult readFromRTC()
            }
 #endif
            if (currentQuality == RTCQualityNone) {
+                RTCQuality oldQuality = currentQuality;
                timeStartMsec = now;
                zeroOffsetSecs = tv.tv_sec;
                currentQuality = RTCQualityDevice;
+                triggerNodeInfoCheckOnTimeSource(oldQuality, currentQuality);
            }
            return RTCSetResultSuccess;
        }
@@ -214,6 +229,7 @@ RTCSetResult perhapsSetRTC(RTCQuality q, const struct timeval *tv, bool forceUpd
    }

    if (shouldSet) {
+        RTCQuality oldQuality = currentQuality;
        currentQuality = q;
        lastSetMsec = now;
        if (currentQuality >= RTCQualityNTP) {
@@ -281,6 +297,7 @@ RTCSetResult perhapsSetRTC(RTCQuality q, const struct timeval *tv, bool forceUpd
 #endif

        readFromRTC();
+        triggerNodeInfoCheckOnTimeSource(oldQuality, currentQuality);
        return RTCSetResultSuccess;
    } else {
        return RTCSetResultNotSet; // RTC was already set with a higher quality time
@@ -397,6 +414,17 @@ uint32_t getValidTime(RTCQuality minQuality, bool local)
    return (currentQuality >= minQuality) ? getTime(local) : 0;
 }

+#ifdef PIO_UNIT_TESTING
+void setBootRelativeTimeForUnitTest(uint32_t secondsSinceBoot)
+{
+    currentQuality = RTCQualityNone;
+    zeroOffsetSecs = 0;
+    timeStartMsec = millis() - (secondsSinceBoot * 1000);
+    lastSetFromPhoneNtpOrGps = 0;
+    lastTimeValidationWarning = 0;
+}
+#endif
+
 time_t gm_mktime(const struct tm *tm)
 {
 #if !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_TZ
@@ -54,6 +54,10 @@ uint32_t getValidTime(RTCQuality minQuality, bool local = false);

 RTCSetResult readFromRTC();

+#ifdef PIO_UNIT_TESTING
+void setBootRelativeTimeForUnitTest(uint32_t secondsSinceBoot);
+#endif
+
 time_t gm_mktime(const struct tm *tm);

 #define SEC_PER_DAY 86400
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #include "configuration.h"

-#ifdef USE_EINK
+#if defined(USE_EINK) && !defined(USE_EINK_PARALLELDISPLAY)
 #include "EInkDisplay2.h"
 #include "SPILock.h"
 #include "main.h"
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once

-#ifdef USE_EINK
+#if defined(USE_EINK) && !defined(USE_EINK_PARALLELDISPLAY)

 #include "GxEPD2_BW.h"
 #include <OLEDDisplay.h>
@@ -0,0 +1,427 @@
+#include "EInkParallelDisplay.h"
+
+#ifdef USE_EINK_PARALLELDISPLAY
+
+#include "Wire.h"
+#include "variant.h"
+#include <Arduino.h>
+#include <atomic>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "FastEPD.h"
+
+// Thresholds for choosing partial vs full update
+#ifndef EPD_PARTIAL_THRESHOLD_ROWS
+#define EPD_PARTIAL_THRESHOLD_ROWS 128 // if changed region <= this many rows, prefer partial
+#endif
+#ifndef EPD_FULLSLOW_PERIOD
+#define EPD_FULLSLOW_PERIOD 100 // every N full updates do a slow (CLEAR_SLOW) full refresh
+#endif
+#ifndef EPD_RESPONSIVE_MIN_MS
+#define EPD_RESPONSIVE_MIN_MS 1000 // simple rate-limit (ms) for responsive updates
+#endif
+
+EInkParallelDisplay::EInkParallelDisplay(uint16_t width, uint16_t height, EpdRotation rot) : epaper(nullptr), rotation(rot)
+{
+    LOG_INFO("init EInkParallelDisplay");
+    // Set dimensions in OLEDDisplay base class
+    this->geometry = GEOMETRY_RAWMODE;
+    this->displayWidth = width;
+    this->displayHeight = height;
+
+    // Round shortest side up to nearest byte, to prevent truncation causing an undersized buffer
+    uint16_t shortSide = min(width, height);
+    uint16_t longSide = max(width, height);
+    if (shortSide % 8 != 0)
+        shortSide = (shortSide | 7) + 1;
+
+    this->displayBufferSize = longSide * (shortSide / 8);
+
+#ifdef EINK_LIMIT_GHOSTING_PX
+    // allocate dirty pixel buffer same size as epaper buffers (rowBytes * height)
+    size_t rowBytes = (this->displayWidth + 7) / 8;
+    dirtyPixelsSize = rowBytes * this->displayHeight;
+    dirtyPixels = (uint8_t *)calloc(dirtyPixelsSize, 1);
+    ghostPixelCount = 0;
+#endif
+}
+
+EInkParallelDisplay::~EInkParallelDisplay()
+{
+#ifdef EINK_LIMIT_GHOSTING_PX
+    if (dirtyPixels) {
+        free(dirtyPixels);
+        dirtyPixels = nullptr;
+    }
+#endif
+    // If an async full update is running, wait for it to finish
+    if (asyncFullRunning.load()) {
+        // wait a short while for task to finish
+        for (int i = 0; i < 50 && asyncFullRunning.load(); ++i) {
+            delay(50);
+        }
+        if (asyncTaskHandle) {
+            // Let it finish or delete it
+            vTaskDelete(asyncTaskHandle);
+            asyncTaskHandle = nullptr;
+        }
+    }
+
+    delete epaper;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Called by the OLEDDisplay::init() path.
+ */
+bool EInkParallelDisplay::connect()
+{
+    LOG_INFO("Do EPD init");
+    if (!epaper) {
+        epaper = new FASTEPD;
+#if defined(T5_S3_EPAPER_PRO_V1)
+        epaper->initPanel(BB_PANEL_LILYGO_T5PRO, 28000000);
+#elif defined(T5_S3_EPAPER_PRO_V2)
+        epaper->initPanel(BB_PANEL_LILYGO_T5PRO_V2, 28000000);
+        // initialize all port 0 pins (0-7) as outputs / HIGH
+        for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+            epaper->ioPinMode(i, OUTPUT);
+            epaper->ioWrite(i, HIGH);
+        }
+#else
+#error "unsupported EPD device!"
+#endif
+    }
+
+    // epaper->setRotation(rotation); // does not work, messes up width/height
+    epaper->setMode(BB_MODE_1BPP);
+    epaper->clearWhite();
+    epaper->fullUpdate(true);
+
+#ifdef EINK_LIMIT_GHOSTING_PX
+    // After a full/clear the dirty tracking should be reset
+    resetGhostPixelTracking();
+#endif
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+/*
+ * sendCommand - simple passthrough (not required for epd_driver-based path)
+ */
+void EInkParallelDisplay::sendCommand(uint8_t com)
+{
+    LOG_DEBUG("EInkParallelDisplay::sendCommand %d", (int)com);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Start a background task that will perform a blocking fullUpdate(). This lets
+ * display() return quickly while the heavy refresh runs in the background.
+ */
+void EInkParallelDisplay::startAsyncFullUpdate(int clearMode)
+{
+    if (asyncFullRunning.load())
+        return; // already running
+
+    asyncFullRunning.store(true);
+    // pass 'this' as parameter
+    BaseType_t rc = xTaskCreatePinnedToCore(EInkParallelDisplay::asyncFullUpdateTask, "epd_full", 4096 / sizeof(StackType_t),
+                                            this, 2, &asyncTaskHandle,
+#if CONFIG_FREERTOS_UNICORE
+                                            0
+#else
+                                            1
+#endif
+    );
+    if (rc != pdPASS) {
+        LOG_WARN("Failed to create async full-update task, falling back to blocking update");
+        epaper->fullUpdate(clearMode, false);
+        epaper->backupPlane();
+        asyncFullRunning.store(false);
+        asyncTaskHandle = nullptr;
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * FreeRTOS task entry: runs the full update and then backs up plane.
+ */
+void EInkParallelDisplay::asyncFullUpdateTask(void *pvParameters)
+{
+    EInkParallelDisplay *self = static_cast<EInkParallelDisplay *>(pvParameters);
+    if (!self) {
+        vTaskDelete(nullptr);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // choose CLEAR_SLOW occasionally
+    int clearMode = CLEAR_FAST;
+    if (self->fastRefreshCount >= EPD_FULLSLOW_PERIOD) {
+        clearMode = CLEAR_SLOW;
+        self->fastRefreshCount = 0;
+    } else {
+        // when running async full, treat it as a full so reset fast count
+        self->fastRefreshCount = 0;
+    }
+
+    self->epaper->fullUpdate(clearMode, false);
+    self->epaper->backupPlane();
+
+#ifdef EINK_LIMIT_GHOSTING_PX
+    // A full refresh clears ghosting state
+    self->resetGhostPixelTracking();
+#endif
+
+    self->asyncFullRunning.store(false);
+    self->asyncTaskHandle = nullptr;
+
+    // delete this task
+    vTaskDelete(nullptr);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Convert the OLEDDisplay buffer (vertical byte layout) into the 1bpp horizontal-bytes
+ * buffer used by the FASTEPD library. For performance we write directly into FASTEPD's
+ * currentBuffer() while comparing against previousBuffer() to detect changed rows.
+ * After conversion we call FASTEPD::partialUpdate() or FASTEPD::fullUpdate() according
+ * to a heuristic so only the minimal region is refreshed.
+ */
+void EInkParallelDisplay::display(void)
+{
+    const uint16_t w = this->displayWidth;
+    const uint16_t h = this->displayHeight;
+
+    // Simple rate limiting: avoid very-frequent responsive updates
+    uint32_t nowMs = millis();
+    if (lastUpdateMs != 0 && (nowMs - lastUpdateMs) < EPD_RESPONSIVE_MIN_MS) {
+        LOG_DEBUG("rate-limited, skipping update");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // bytes per row in epd format (one byte = 8 horizontal pixels)
+    const uint32_t rowBytes = (w + 7) / 8;
+
+    // Get pointers to internal buffers
+    uint8_t *cur = epaper->currentBuffer();
+    uint8_t *prev = epaper->previousBuffer(); // may be NULL on first init
+
+    // Track changed row range while converting
+    int newTop = h;     // min changed row (initialized to out-of-range)
+    int newBottom = -1; // max changed row
+
+#ifdef FAST_EPD_PARTIAL_UPDATE_BUG
+    // Track changed byte column range (for clipped fullUpdate fallback)
+    int newLeftByte = (int)rowBytes;
+    int newRightByte = -1;
+#endif
+
+    // Compute a quick hash of the incoming OLED buffer (so we can skip identical frames)
+    uint32_t imageHash = 0;
+    uint32_t bufBytes = (w / 8) * h; // vertical-byte layout size
+    for (uint32_t bi = 0; bi < bufBytes; ++bi) {
+        imageHash ^= ((uint32_t)buffer[bi]) << (bi & 31);
+    }
+    if (imageHash == previousImageHash) {
+        // LOG_DEBUG("image identical to previous, skipping update");
+        return;
+    }
+
+#ifdef EINK_LIMIT_GHOSTING_PX
+    // reset ghost count for this conversion pass; we'll mark bits that change
+    ghostPixelCount = 0;
+#endif
+
+    // Convert: OLED buffer layout -> FASTEPD 1bpp horizontal-bytes layout into cur,
+    // comparing against prev when available to detect changes.
+    for (uint32_t y = 0; y < h; ++y) {
+        const uint32_t base = (y >> 3) * w;               // (y/8) * width
+        const uint8_t bitMask = (uint8_t)(1u << (y & 7)); // mask for this row in vertical-byte layout
+        const uint32_t rowBase = y * rowBytes;
+
+        // process full 8-pixel bytes
+        for (uint32_t xb = 0; xb < rowBytes; ++xb) {
+            uint32_t x0 = xb * 8;
+            // read up to 8 source bytes (vertical-byte per column)
+            uint8_t b0 = (x0 + 0 < w) ? buffer[base + x0 + 0] : 0;
+            uint8_t b1 = (x0 + 1 < w) ? buffer[base + x0 + 1] : 0;
+            uint8_t b2 = (x0 + 2 < w) ? buffer[base + x0 + 2] : 0;
+            uint8_t b3 = (x0 + 3 < w) ? buffer[base + x0 + 3] : 0;
+            uint8_t b4 = (x0 + 4 < w) ? buffer[base + x0 + 4] : 0;
+            uint8_t b5 = (x0 + 5 < w) ? buffer[base + x0 + 5] : 0;
+            uint8_t b6 = (x0 + 6 < w) ? buffer[base + x0 + 6] : 0;
+            uint8_t b7 = (x0 + 7 < w) ? buffer[base + x0 + 7] : 0;
+
+            // build output byte: MSB = leftmost pixel
+            uint8_t out = 0;
+            out |= (uint8_t)((b0 & bitMask) ? 0x80 : 0x00);
+            out |= (uint8_t)((b1 & bitMask) ? 0x40 : 0x00);
+            out |= (uint8_t)((b2 & bitMask) ? 0x20 : 0x00);
+            out |= (uint8_t)((b3 & bitMask) ? 0x10 : 0x00);
+            out |= (uint8_t)((b4 & bitMask) ? 0x08 : 0x00);
+            out |= (uint8_t)((b5 & bitMask) ? 0x04 : 0x00);
+            out |= (uint8_t)((b6 & bitMask) ? 0x02 : 0x00);
+            out |= (uint8_t)((b7 & bitMask) ? 0x01 : 0x00);
+
+            // handle partial byte at end of row by masking off invalid bits
+            uint8_t mask = 0xFF;
+            uint32_t bitsRemain = (w > x0) ? (w - x0) : 0;
+            if (bitsRemain > 0 && bitsRemain < 8) {
+                mask = (uint8_t)(0xFF << (8 - bitsRemain));
+                out &= mask;
+            }
+
+            // invert to FASTEPD polarity
+            out = (~out) & mask;
+
+            uint32_t pos = rowBase + xb;
+            uint8_t prevVal = prev ? (prev[pos] & mask) : 0x00;
+            // Consider this byte changed if previous buffer differs (or prev is null)
+            bool changed = (prev == nullptr) || (prevVal != out);
+
+#ifdef EINK_LIMIT_GHOSTING_PX
+            if (changed && prev)
+                markDirtyBits(prev, pos, mask, out);
+#endif
+
+            // mark row changed only if the previous buffer differs
+            if (changed) {
+                if (y < (uint32_t)newTop)
+                    newTop = y;
+                if ((int)y > newBottom)
+                    newBottom = y;
+#ifdef FAST_EPD_PARTIAL_UPDATE_BUG
+                // record changed column bytes
+                if ((int)xb < newLeftByte)
+                    newLeftByte = (int)xb;
+                if ((int)xb > newRightByte)
+                    newRightByte = (int)xb;
+#endif
+            }
+
+            // Always write the computed value into the current buffer (avoid leaving stale bytes)
+            cur[pos] = (cur[pos] & ~mask) | out;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // If nothing changed, avoid any panel update
+    if (newBottom < 0) {
+        LOG_DEBUG("no pixel changes detected, skipping update (conv)");
+        previousImageHash = imageHash; // still remember that frame
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Choose partial vs full update using heuristic
+    // Decide if we should force a full update after many fast updates
+    bool forceFull = (fastRefreshCount >= EPD_FULLSLOW_PERIOD);
+
+#ifdef EINK_LIMIT_GHOSTING_PX
+    // If ghost pixels exceed limit, force a full update to clear ghosting
+    if (ghostPixelCount > ghostPixelLimit) {
+        LOG_WARN("ghost pixels %u > limit %u, forcing full refresh", ghostPixelCount, ghostPixelLimit);
+        forceFull = true;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    // Compute pixel bounds from newTop/newBottom
+    int startRow = (newTop / 8) * 8;
+    int endRow = (newBottom / 8) * 8 + 7;
+
+    LOG_DEBUG("EPD update rows=%d..%d alignedRows=%d..%d rowBytes=%u", newTop, newBottom, startRow, endRow, rowBytes);
+
+    if (epaper->getMode() == BB_MODE_1BPP && !forceFull && (newBottom - newTop) <= EPD_PARTIAL_THRESHOLD_ROWS) {
+        // Prefer partial update path if driver is reliable; otherwise use clipped fullUpdate fallback.
+#ifdef FAST_EPD_PARTIAL_UPDATE_BUG
+        // Workaround for FastEPD partial update bug: use clipped fullUpdate instead
+        // Build a pixel rectangle for a clipped fullUpdate using the changed columns
+        int startCol = (newLeftByte <= newRightByte) ? (newLeftByte * 8) : 0;
+        int endCol = (newLeftByte <= newRightByte) ? ((newRightByte + 1) * 8 - 1) : (w - 1);
+
+        BB_RECT rect{startCol, startRow, endCol - startCol + 1, endRow - startRow + 1};
+        // LOG_DEBUG("Using clipped fullUpdate rect x=%d y=%d w=%d h=%d", rect.x, rect.y, rect.w, rect.h);
+        epaper->fullUpdate(CLEAR_FAST, false, &rect);
+#else
+        // Use rows for partial update
+        LOG_DEBUG("calling partialUpdate startRow=%d endRow=%d", startRow, endRow);
+        epaper->partialUpdate(true, startRow, endRow);
+#endif
+        epaper->backupPlane();
+        fastRefreshCount++;
+    } else {
+        // Full update: run async if possible (startAsyncFullUpdate will fall back to blocking)
+        startAsyncFullUpdate(forceFull ? CLEAR_SLOW : CLEAR_FAST);
+    }
+
+    lastUpdateMs = millis();
+    previousImageHash = imageHash;
+
+    // Keep same behavior as before
+    lastDrawMsec = millis();
+}
+
+#ifdef EINK_LIMIT_GHOSTING_PX
+// markDirtyBits: mark per-bit dirty flags and update ghostPixelCount
+void EInkParallelDisplay::markDirtyBits(const uint8_t *prevBuf, uint32_t pos, uint8_t mask, uint8_t out)
+{
+    // defensive: need dirtyPixels allocated and prevBuf valid
+    if (!dirtyPixels || !prevBuf)
+        return;
+
+    // 'out' is in FASTEPD polarity (1 = black, 0 = white)
+    uint8_t newBlack = out & mask;    // bits that will be black now
+    uint8_t newWhite = (~out) & mask; // bits that will be white now
+
+    // previously recorded dirty bits for this byte
+    uint8_t before = dirtyPixels[pos];
+
+    // Ghost bits: bits that were previously marked dirty and are now being driven white
+    uint8_t ghostBits = before & newWhite;
+    if (ghostBits) {
+        ghostPixelCount += __builtin_popcount((unsigned)ghostBits);
+    }
+
+    // Only mark bits dirty when they turn black now (accumulate until a full refresh)
+    uint8_t newlyDirty = newBlack & (~before);
+    if (newlyDirty) {
+        dirtyPixels[pos] |= newlyDirty;
+    }
+}
+
+// reset ghost tracking (call after a full refresh)
+void EInkParallelDisplay::resetGhostPixelTracking()
+{
+    if (!dirtyPixels)
+        return;
+    memset(dirtyPixels, 0, dirtyPixelsSize);
+    ghostPixelCount = 0;
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * forceDisplay: use lastDrawMsec
+ */
+bool EInkParallelDisplay::forceDisplay(uint32_t msecLimit)
+{
+    uint32_t now = millis();
+    if (lastDrawMsec == 0 || (now - lastDrawMsec) > msecLimit) {
+        display();
+        return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+void EInkParallelDisplay::endUpdate()
+{
+    {
+        // ensure any async full update is started/completed
+        if (asyncFullRunning.load()) {
+            // nothing to do; background task will run and call backupPlane when done
+        } else {
+            epaper->fullUpdate(CLEAR_FAST, false);
+            epaper->backupPlane();
+#ifdef EINK_LIMIT_GHOSTING_PX
+            resetGhostPixelTracking();
+#endif
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#endif
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "configuration.h"
+
+#ifdef USE_EINK_PARALLELDISPLAY
+#include <OLEDDisplay.h>
+
+#include <atomic>
+#include <freertos/FreeRTOS.h>
+#include <freertos/task.h>
+
+class FASTEPD;
+
+/**
+ * Adapter for E-Ink 8-bit parallel displays (EPD), specifically devices supported by FastEPD library
+ */
+class EInkParallelDisplay : public OLEDDisplay
+{
+  public:
+    enum EpdRotation {
+        EPD_ROT_LANDSCAPE = 0,
+        EPD_ROT_PORTRAIT = 90,
+        EPD_ROT_INVERTED_LANDSCAPE = 180,
+        EPD_ROT_INVERTED_PORTRAIT = 270,
+    };
+
+    EInkParallelDisplay(uint16_t width, uint16_t height, EpdRotation rotation);
+    virtual ~EInkParallelDisplay();
+
+    // OLEDDisplay virtuals
+    bool connect() override;
+    void sendCommand(uint8_t com) override;
+    int getBufferOffset(void) override { return 0; }
+
+    void display(void) override;
+    bool forceDisplay(uint32_t msecLimit = 1000);
+    void endUpdate();
+
+  protected:
+    uint32_t lastDrawMsec = 0;
+    FASTEPD *epaper;
+
+  private:
+    // Async full-refresh support
+    std::atomic<bool> asyncFullRunning{false};
+    TaskHandle_t asyncTaskHandle = nullptr;
+    void startAsyncFullUpdate(int clearMode);
+    static void asyncFullUpdateTask(void *pvParameters);
+
+#ifdef EINK_LIMIT_GHOSTING_PX
+    // helpers
+    void resetGhostPixelTracking();
+    void markDirtyBits(const uint8_t *prevBuf, uint32_t pos, uint8_t mask, uint8_t out);
+    void countGhostPixelsAndMaybePromote(int &newTop, int &newBottom, bool &forceFull);
+
+    // per-bit dirty buffer (same format as epaper buffers): one bit == one pixel
+    uint8_t *dirtyPixels = nullptr;
+    size_t dirtyPixelsSize = 0;
+    uint32_t ghostPixelCount = 0;
+    uint32_t ghostPixelLimit = EINK_LIMIT_GHOSTING_PX;
+#endif
+
+    EpdRotation rotation;
+    uint32_t previousImageHash = 0;
+    uint32_t lastUpdateMs = 0;
+    int fastRefreshCount = 0;
+};
+
+#endif
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 #include "configuration.h"
 #include "meshUtils.h"
 #if HAS_SCREEN
+#include "EInkParallelDisplay.h"
 #include <OLEDDisplay.h>

 #include "DisplayFormatters.h"
@@ -364,12 +365,14 @@ Screen::Screen(ScanI2C::DeviceAddress address, meshtastic_Config_DisplayConfig_O
    defined(RAK14014) || defined(HX8357_CS) || defined(ILI9488_CS) || defined(ST7796_CS) || defined(HACKADAY_COMMUNICATOR)
    dispdev = new TFTDisplay(address.address, -1, -1, geometry,
                             (address.port == ScanI2C::I2CPort::WIRE1) ? HW_I2C::I2C_TWO : HW_I2C::I2C_ONE);
-#elif defined(USE_EINK) && !defined(USE_EINK_DYNAMICDISPLAY)
+#elif defined(USE_EINK) && !defined(USE_EINK_DYNAMICDISPLAY) && !defined(USE_EINK_PARALLELDISPLAY)
    dispdev = new EInkDisplay(address.address, -1, -1, geometry,
                              (address.port == ScanI2C::I2CPort::WIRE1) ? HW_I2C::I2C_TWO : HW_I2C::I2C_ONE);
 #elif defined(USE_EINK) && defined(USE_EINK_DYNAMICDISPLAY)
    dispdev = new EInkDynamicDisplay(address.address, -1, -1, geometry,
                                     (address.port == ScanI2C::I2CPort::WIRE1) ? HW_I2C::I2C_TWO : HW_I2C::I2C_ONE);
+#elif defined(USE_EINK_PARALLELDISPLAY)
+    dispdev = new EInkParallelDisplay(EPD_WIDTH, EPD_HEIGHT, EInkParallelDisplay::EPD_ROT_PORTRAIT);
 #elif defined(USE_ST7567)
    dispdev = new ST7567Wire(address.address, -1, -1, geometry,
                             (address.port == ScanI2C::I2CPort::WIRE1) ? HW_I2C::I2C_TWO : HW_I2C::I2C_ONE);
@@ -759,7 +762,11 @@ void Screen::forceDisplay(bool forceUiUpdate)
    }

    // Tell EInk class to update the display
+#if defined(USE_EINK_PARALLELDISPLAY)
+    static_cast<EInkParallelDisplay *>(dispdev)->forceDisplay();
+#elif defined(USE_EINK)
    static_cast<EInkDisplay *>(dispdev)->forceDisplay();
+#endif
 #else
    // No delay between UI frame rendering
    if (forceUiUpdate) {
@@ -998,8 +1005,10 @@ void Screen::setScreensaverFrames(FrameCallback einkScreensaver)
        ui->update();
    } while (ui->getUiState()->lastUpdate < startUpdate);

+#if defined(USE_EINK_PARALLELDISPLAY)
+    static_cast<EInkParallelDisplay *>(dispdev)->forceDisplay(0);
+#elif defined(USE_EINK) && !defined(USE_EINK_DYNAMICDISPLAY)
    // Old EInkDisplay class
-#if !defined(USE_EINK_DYNAMICDISPLAY)
    static_cast<EInkDisplay *>(dispdev)->forceDisplay(0); // Screen::forceDisplay(), but override rate-limit
 #endif

@@ -1011,7 +1020,7 @@ void Screen::setScreensaverFrames(FrameCallback einkScreensaver)
 #ifdef EINK_HASQUIRK_GHOSTING
    EINK_ADD_FRAMEFLAG(dispdev, COSMETIC); // Really ugly to see ghosting from "screen paused"
 #else
-    EINK_ADD_FRAMEFLAG(dispdev, RESPONSIVE); // Really nice to wake screen with a fast-refresh
+    EINK_ADD_FRAMEFLAG(dispdev, RESPONSIVE);              // Really nice to wake screen with a fast-refresh
 #endif
 }
 #endif
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 #include "graphics/fonts/OLEDDisplayFontsGR.h"
 #endif

-#if defined(CROWPANEL_ESP32S3_5_EPAPER) && defined(USE_EINK)
+#if (defined(CROWPANEL_ESP32S3_5_EPAPER) || defined(T5_S3_EPAPER_PRO)) && defined(USE_EINK)
 #include "graphics/fonts/EinkDisplayFonts.h"
 #endif

@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@

 #if (defined(USE_EINK) || defined(ILI9341_DRIVER) || defined(ILI9342_DRIVER) || defined(ST7701_CS) || defined(ST7735_CS) ||      \
     defined(ST7789_CS) || defined(USE_ST7789) || defined(HX8357_CS) || defined(ILI9488_CS) || defined(ST7796_CS) ||             \
-     defined(HACKADAY_COMMUNICATOR) || defined(USE_ST7796)) &&                                                                   \
+     defined(USE_ST7796) || defined(HACKADAY_COMMUNICATOR)) &&                                                                   \
    !defined(DISPLAY_FORCE_SMALL_FONTS)
 // The screen is bigger so use bigger fonts
 #define FONT_SMALL FONT_MEDIUM_LOCAL // Height: 19
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@
 #define FONT_LARGE FONT_LARGE_LOCAL   // Height: 28
 #endif

-#if defined(CROWPANEL_ESP32S3_5_EPAPER) && defined(USE_EINK)
+#if defined(CROWPANEL_ESP32S3_5_EPAPER) || defined(T5_S3_EPAPER_PRO)
 #undef FONT_SMALL
 #undef FONT_MEDIUM
 #undef FONT_LARGE
@@ -1348,7 +1348,7 @@ void TFTDisplay::sendCommand(uint8_t com)
            digitalWrite(portduino_config.displayBacklight.pin, TFT_BACKLIGHT_ON);
 #elif defined(HACKADAY_COMMUNICATOR)
        tft->displayOn();
-#elif !defined(RAK14014) && !defined(M5STACK) && !defined(UNPHONE)
+#elif !defined(RAK14014) && !defined(M5STACK) && !defined(UNPHONE) && !defined(HELTEC_MESH_NODE_T096)
        tft->wakeup();
        tft->powerSaveOff();
 #endif
@@ -1359,7 +1359,7 @@ void TFTDisplay::sendCommand(uint8_t com)
 #ifdef UNPHONE
        unphone.backlight(true); // using unPhone library
 #endif
-#ifdef RAK14014
+#if defined(RAK14014) || defined(HELTEC_MESH_NODE_T096)
 #elif !defined(M5STACK) && !defined(ST7789_CS) &&                                                                                \
    !defined(HACKADAY_COMMUNICATOR) // T-Deck gets brightness set in Screen.cpp in the handleSetOn function
        tft->setBrightness(172);
@@ -1375,7 +1375,7 @@ void TFTDisplay::sendCommand(uint8_t com)
            digitalWrite(portduino_config.displayBacklight.pin, !TFT_BACKLIGHT_ON);
 #elif defined(HACKADAY_COMMUNICATOR)
        tft->displayOff();
-#elif !defined(RAK14014) && !defined(M5STACK) && !defined(UNPHONE)
+#elif !defined(RAK14014) && !defined(M5STACK) && !defined(UNPHONE) && !defined(HELTEC_MESH_NODE_T096)
        tft->sleep();
        tft->powerSaveOn();
 #endif
@@ -1386,7 +1386,7 @@ void TFTDisplay::sendCommand(uint8_t com)
 #ifdef UNPHONE
        unphone.backlight(false); // using unPhone library
 #endif
-#ifdef RAK14014
+#if defined(RAK14014) || defined(HELTEC_MESH_NODE_T096)
 #elif !defined(M5STACK) && !defined(HACKADAY_COMMUNICATOR)
        tft->setBrightness(0);
 #endif
@@ -1401,7 +1401,7 @@ void TFTDisplay::sendCommand(uint8_t com)

 void TFTDisplay::setDisplayBrightness(uint8_t _brightness)
 {
-#ifdef RAK14014
+#if defined(RAK14014) || defined(HELTEC_MESH_NODE_T096)
    // todo
 #elif !defined(HACKADAY_COMMUNICATOR)
    tft->setBrightness(_brightness);
@@ -1421,7 +1421,7 @@ bool TFTDisplay::hasTouch(void)
 {
 #ifdef RAK14014
    return true;
-#elif !defined(M5STACK) && !defined(HACKADAY_COMMUNICATOR)
+#elif !defined(M5STACK) && !defined(HACKADAY_COMMUNICATOR) && !defined(HELTEC_MESH_NODE_T096)
    return tft->touch() != nullptr;
 #else
    return false;
@@ -1440,7 +1440,7 @@ bool TFTDisplay::getTouch(int16_t *x, int16_t *y)
    } else {
        return false;
    }
-#elif !defined(M5STACK) && !defined(HACKADAY_COMMUNICATOR)
+#elif !defined(M5STACK) && !defined(HACKADAY_COMMUNICATOR) && !defined(HELTEC_MESH_NODE_T096)
    return tft->getTouch(x, y);
 #else
    return false;
@@ -1457,7 +1457,7 @@ bool TFTDisplay::connect()
 {
    concurrency::LockGuard g(spiLock);
    LOG_INFO("Do TFT init");
-#ifdef RAK14014
+#if defined(RAK14014) || defined(HELTEC_MESH_NODE_T096)
    tft = new TFT_eSPI;
 #elif defined(HACKADAY_COMMUNICATOR)
    bus = new Arduino_ESP32SPI(TFT_DC, TFT_CS, 38 /* SCK */, 21 /* MOSI */, GFX_NOT_DEFINED /* MISO */, HSPI /* spi_num */);
@@ -1494,7 +1494,7 @@ bool TFTDisplay::connect()
    ft6336u.begin();
    pinMode(SCREEN_TOUCH_INT, INPUT_PULLUP);
    attachInterrupt(digitalPinToInterrupt(SCREEN_TOUCH_INT), rak14014_tpIntHandle, FALLING);
-#elif defined(T_DECK) || defined(PICOMPUTER_S3) || defined(CHATTER_2)
+#elif defined(T_DECK) || defined(PICOMPUTER_S3) || defined(CHATTER_2) || defined(HELTEC_MESH_NODE_T096)
    tft->setRotation(1); // T-Deck has the TFT in landscape
 #elif defined(T_WATCH_S3)
    tft->setRotation(2); // T-Watch S3 left-handed orientation
@@ -408,7 +408,16 @@ void drawLoRaFocused(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, int16_t x,
    display->drawString(nameX, getTextPositions(display)[line++], device_role);

    // === Third Row: Radio Preset ===
-    auto mode = DisplayFormatters::getModemPresetDisplayName(config.lora.modem_preset, false, config.lora.use_preset);
+    // For custom modem settings show the actual parameters; for presets use the preset name.
+    char modeStr[16];
+    if (!config.lora.use_preset) {
+        snprintf(modeStr, sizeof(modeStr), "BW%u-SF%u-CR%u", static_cast<unsigned>(config.lora.bandwidth),
+                 static_cast<unsigned>(config.lora.spread_factor), static_cast<unsigned>(config.lora.coding_rate));
+    } else {
+        strncpy(modeStr, DisplayFormatters::getModemPresetDisplayName(config.lora.modem_preset, false, true),
+                sizeof(modeStr) - 1);
+        modeStr[sizeof(modeStr) - 1] = '\0';
+    }

    char regionradiopreset[25];
    const char *region = myRegion ? myRegion->name : NULL;
@@ -416,7 +425,7 @@ void drawLoRaFocused(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, int16_t x,
        if (currentResolution == ScreenResolution::UltraLow) {
            snprintf(regionradiopreset, sizeof(regionradiopreset), "%s", region);
        } else {
-            snprintf(regionradiopreset, sizeof(regionradiopreset), "%s/%s", region, mode);
+            snprintf(regionradiopreset, sizeof(regionradiopreset), "%s/%s", region, modeStr);
        }
    }
    textWidth = display->getStringWidth(regionradiopreset);
@@ -535,6 +544,9 @@ void drawSystemScreen(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, int16_t x
 #ifndef T_DECK_PRO
    barsOffset -= 12;
 #endif
+#if defined(T5_S3_EPAPER_PRO)
+    barsOffset += 60;
+#endif
 #endif
    int barX = x + barsOffset;
    if (currentResolution == ScreenResolution::UltraLow) {
@@ -584,11 +596,12 @@ void drawSystemScreen(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, int16_t x
    uint32_t heapUsed = memGet.getHeapSize() - memGet.getFreeHeap();
    uint32_t heapTotal = memGet.getHeapSize();

-    uint32_t psramUsed = memGet.getPsramSize() - memGet.getFreePsram();
-    uint32_t psramTotal = memGet.getPsramSize();
-
    uint32_t flashUsed = 0, flashTotal = 0;
 #ifdef ESP32
+#ifndef T5_S3_EPAPER_PRO
+    uint32_t psramUsed = memGet.getPsramSize() - memGet.getFreePsram();
+    uint32_t psramTotal = memGet.getPsramSize();
+#endif
    flashUsed = FSCom.usedBytes();
    flashTotal = FSCom.totalBytes();
 #endif
@@ -607,10 +620,12 @@ void drawSystemScreen(OLEDDisplay *display, OLEDDisplayUiState *state, int16_t x
    // === Draw memory rows
    drawUsageRow("Heap:", heapUsed, heapTotal, true);
 #ifdef ESP32
+#ifndef T5_S3_EPAPER_PRO
    if (psramUsed > 0) {
        line += 1;
        drawUsageRow("PSRAM:", psramUsed, psramTotal);
    }
+#endif
    if (flashTotal > 0) {
        line += 1;
        drawUsageRow("Flash:", flashUsed, flashTotal);
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 #include "main.h"
 #include "mesh/Default.h"
 #include "mesh/MeshTypes.h"
+#include "mesh/RadioLibInterface.h"
 #include "modules/AdminModule.h"
 #include "modules/CannedMessageModule.h"
 #include "modules/ExternalNotificationModule.h"
@@ -25,6 +26,7 @@
 #include "modules/TraceRouteModule.h"
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <array>
+#include <cmath>
 #include <functional>
 #include <utility>

@@ -159,31 +161,20 @@ void menuHandler::LoraRegionPicker(uint32_t duration)
                return;
            }

+            // Guard: without a reboot, reconfigure() applies the region directly.
+            // Reject LORA_24 on sub-GHz-only hardware — getRadio() used to catch this post-reboot.
+            if (selectedRegion == meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_LORA_24 &&
+                !(RadioLibInterface::instance && RadioLibInterface::instance->wideLora())) {
+                LOG_WARN("Radio hardware does not support 2.4 GHz; ignoring LORA_24 selection");
+                return;
+            }
+
            config.lora.region = selectedRegion;
            auto changes = SEGMENT_CONFIG;

-        // FIXME: This should be a method consolidated with the same logic in the admin message as well
-        // This is needed as we wait til picking the LoRa region to generate keys for the first time.
 #if !(MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_PKI_KEYGEN || MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_PKI)
-            if (!owner.is_licensed) {
-                bool keygenSuccess = false;
-                if (config.security.private_key.size == 32) {
-                    // public key is derived from private, so this will always have the same result.
-                    if (crypto->regeneratePublicKey(config.security.public_key.bytes, config.security.private_key.bytes)) {
-                        keygenSuccess = true;
-                    }
-
-                } else {
-                    LOG_INFO("Generate new PKI keys");
-                    crypto->generateKeyPair(config.security.public_key.bytes, config.security.private_key.bytes);
-                    keygenSuccess = true;
-                }
-                if (keygenSuccess) {
-                    config.security.public_key.size = 32;
-                    config.security.private_key.size = 32;
-                    owner.public_key.size = 32;
-                    memcpy(owner.public_key.bytes, config.security.public_key.bytes, 32);
-                }
+            if (crypto) {
+                crypto->ensurePkiKeys(config.security, owner);
            }
 #endif
            config.lora.tx_enabled = true;
@@ -199,7 +190,6 @@ void menuHandler::LoraRegionPicker(uint32_t duration)
            }

            service->reloadConfig(changes);
-            rebootAtMsec = (millis() + DEFAULT_REBOOT_SECONDS * 1000);
        });

    bannerOptions.durationMs = duration;
@@ -265,13 +255,24 @@ void menuHandler::FrequencySlotPicker()
    optionsEnumArray[options++] = 0;

    // Calculate number of channels (copied from RadioInterface::applyModemConfig())
+
    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig &loraConfig = config.lora;
    double bw = loraConfig.use_preset ? modemPresetToBwKHz(loraConfig.modem_preset, myRegion->wideLora)
                                      : bwCodeToKHz(loraConfig.bandwidth);

    uint32_t numChannels = 0;
    if (myRegion) {
-        numChannels = (uint32_t)floor((myRegion->freqEnd - myRegion->freqStart) / (myRegion->spacing + (bw / 1000.0)));
+        // Match RadioInterface::applyModemConfig(): include padding, add spacing in numerator, and use round()
+        const double spacing = myRegion->profile->spacing;
+        const double padding = myRegion->profile->padding;
+        const double channelBandwidthMHz = bw / 1000.0;
+        const double numerator = (myRegion->freqEnd - myRegion->freqStart) + spacing;
+        const double denominator = spacing + (padding * 2) + channelBandwidthMHz;
+        if (denominator > 0.0) {
+            numChannels = static_cast<uint32_t>(round(numerator / denominator));
+        } else {
+            LOG_WARN("Invalid region configuration: non-positive channel spacing/width");
+        }
    } else {
        LOG_WARN("Region not set, cannot calculate number of channels");
        return;
@@ -307,7 +308,6 @@ void menuHandler::FrequencySlotPicker()

        config.lora.channel_num = selected;
        service->reloadConfig(SEGMENT_CONFIG);
-        rebootAtMsec = (millis() + DEFAULT_REBOOT_SECONDS * 1000);
    };

    screen->showOverlayBanner(bannerOptions);
@@ -346,7 +346,6 @@ void menuHandler::radioPresetPicker()
            config.lora.channel_num = 0;        // Reset to default channel for the preset
            config.lora.override_frequency = 0; // Clear any custom frequency
            service->reloadConfig(SEGMENT_CONFIG);
-            rebootAtMsec = (millis() + DEFAULT_REBOOT_SECONDS * 1000);
        });

    screen->showOverlayBanner(bannerOptions);
@@ -1222,9 +1221,11 @@ void menuHandler::positionBaseMenu()
    };

    constexpr size_t baseCount = sizeof(baseOptions) / sizeof(baseOptions[0]);
-    constexpr size_t calibrateCount = sizeof(calibrateOptions) / sizeof(calibrateOptions[0]);
    static std::array<const char *, baseCount> baseLabels{};
+#if !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_ACCELEROMETER
+    constexpr size_t calibrateCount = sizeof(calibrateOptions) / sizeof(calibrateOptions[0]);
    static std::array<const char *, calibrateCount> calibrateLabels{};
+#endif

    auto onSelection = [](const PositionMenuOption &option, int) -> void {
        if (option.action == OptionsAction::Back) {
@@ -1250,9 +1251,11 @@ void menuHandler::positionBaseMenu()
            screen->runNow();
            break;
        case PositionAction::CompassCalibrate:
+#if !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_ACCELEROMETER
            if (accelerometerThread) {
                accelerometerThread->calibrate(30);
            }
+#endif
            break;
        case PositionAction::GPSSmartPosition:
            menuQueue = GpsSmartPositionMenu;
@@ -1270,11 +1273,15 @@ void menuHandler::positionBaseMenu()
    };

    BannerOverlayOptions bannerOptions;
+#if !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_ACCELEROMETER
    if (accelerometerThread) {
        bannerOptions = createStaticBannerOptions("GPS Action", calibrateOptions, calibrateLabels, onSelection);
    } else {
        bannerOptions = createStaticBannerOptions("GPS Action", baseOptions, baseLabels, onSelection);
    }
+#else
+    bannerOptions = createStaticBannerOptions("GPS Action", baseOptions, baseLabels, onSelection);
+#endif

    screen->showOverlayBanner(bannerOptions);
 }
@@ -2204,9 +2211,9 @@ void menuHandler::traceRouteMenu()
 void menuHandler::testMenu()
 {

-    enum optionsNumbers { Back, NumberPicker, ShowChirpy };
-    static const char *optionsArray[4] = {"Back"};
-    static int optionsEnumArray[4] = {Back};
+    enum optionsNumbers { Back, NumberPicker, ShowChirpy, TestAnnounce };
+    static const char *optionsArray[5] = {"Back"};
+    static int optionsEnumArray[5] = {Back};
    int options = 1;

    optionsArray[options] = "Number Picker";
@@ -2214,6 +2221,10 @@ void menuHandler::testMenu()

    optionsArray[options] = screen->isFrameHidden("chirpy") ? "Show Chirpy" : "Hide Chirpy";
    optionsEnumArray[options++] = ShowChirpy;
+#ifdef HAS_I2S
+    optionsArray[options] = "Test Announce";
+    optionsEnumArray[options++] = TestAnnounce;
+#endif

    BannerOverlayOptions bannerOptions;
    bannerOptions.message = "Hidden Test Menu";
@@ -2228,6 +2239,10 @@ void menuHandler::testMenu()
            screen->toggleFrameVisibility("chirpy");
            screen->setFrames(Screen::FOCUS_SYSTEM);

+        } else if (selected == TestAnnounce) {
+#ifdef HAS_I2S
+            audioThread->readAloud("This is a test of the emergency broadcast system. This is only a test.");
+#endif
        } else {
            menuQueue = SystemBaseMenu;
            screen->runNow();
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ const uint8_t ArialMT_Plain_10_RU[] PROGMEM = {
    0xE0, // Number of chars: 224

    // Jump Table:
-    0xFF, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x0A, // 32
+    0xFF, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x03, // 32
    0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0x03, // 33
    0x00, 0x04, 0x05, 0x04, // 34
    0x00, 0x09, 0x09, 0x06, // 35
@@ -1766,4 +1766,4 @@ const uint8_t ArialMT_Plain_24_RU[] PROGMEM = {
    0x3F, // 255
 };

-#endif // OLED_RU
+#endif // OLED_RU
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ const uint8_t ArialMT_Plain_10_UA[] PROGMEM = {
    0x20, // First char: 32
    0xE0, // Number of chars: 224
    // Jump Table:
-    0xFF, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x0A, // 32
+    0xFF, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x03, // 32
    0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0x03, // 33
    0x00, 0x04, 0x05, 0x04, // 34
    0x00, 0x09, 0x09, 0x06, // 35
@@ -1924,4 +1924,4 @@ const uint8_t ArialMT_Plain_24_UA[] PROGMEM = {
    0xFF, // 1103
 };

-#endif // OLED_UA
+#endif // OLED_UA
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@

 #include <GFX.h> // GFXRoot drawing lib

+#include "mesh/MeshModule.h"
 #include "mesh/MeshTypes.h"

 #include "./AppletFont.h"
@@ -177,24 +177,8 @@ static void applyLoRaRegion(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode region)
    auto changes = SEGMENT_CONFIG;

 #if !(MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_PKI_KEYGEN || MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_PKI)
-    if (!owner.is_licensed) {
-        bool keygenSuccess = false;
-
-        if (config.security.private_key.size == 32) {
-            if (crypto->regeneratePublicKey(config.security.public_key.bytes, config.security.private_key.bytes)) {
-                keygenSuccess = true;
-            }
-        } else {
-            crypto->generateKeyPair(config.security.public_key.bytes, config.security.private_key.bytes);
-            keygenSuccess = true;
-        }
-
-        if (keygenSuccess) {
-            config.security.public_key.size = 32;
-            config.security.private_key.size = 32;
-            owner.public_key.size = 32;
-            memcpy(owner.public_key.bytes, config.security.public_key.bytes, 32);
-        }
+    if (crypto) {
+        crypto->ensurePkiKeys(config.security, owner);
    }
 #endif

@@ -16,6 +16,10 @@

 DeviceScreen *deviceScreen = nullptr;

+#ifndef TFT_TASK_STACK_SIZE
+#define TFT_TASK_STACK_SIZE 16384
+#endif
+
 #ifdef ARCH_ESP32
 // Get notified when the system is entering light sleep
 CallbackObserver<DeviceScreen, void *> tftSleepObserver =
@@ -127,7 +131,7 @@ void tftSetup(void)
 #ifdef ARCH_ESP32
        tftSleepObserver.observe(&notifyLightSleep);
        endSleepObserver.observe(&notifyLightSleepEnd);
-        xTaskCreatePinnedToCore(tft_task_handler, "tft", 10240, NULL, 1, NULL, 0);
+        xTaskCreatePinnedToCore(tft_task_handler, "tft", TFT_TASK_STACK_SIZE, NULL, 1, NULL, 0);
 #elif defined(ARCH_PORTDUINO)
        std::thread *tft_task = new std::thread([] { tft_task_handler(); });
 #endif
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@

 #if defined(BUTTON_PIN_TOUCH)
 ButtonThread *TouchButtonThread = nullptr;
-#if defined(TTGO_T_ECHO_PLUS) && defined(PIN_EINK_EN)
+#if defined(PIN_EINK_EN)
 static bool touchBacklightWasOn = false;
 static bool touchBacklightActive = false;
 #endif
@@ -220,8 +220,8 @@ void InputBroker::Init()
    };
    touchConfig.singlePress = INPUT_BROKER_NONE;
    touchConfig.longPress = INPUT_BROKER_BACK;
-#if defined(TTGO_T_ECHO_PLUS) && defined(PIN_EINK_EN)
-    // On T-Echo Plus the touch pad should only drive the backlight, not UI navigation/sounds
+#if defined(PIN_EINK_EN)
+    // Touch pad drives the backlight on devices with e-ink backlight pin
    touchConfig.longPress = INPUT_BROKER_NONE;
    touchConfig.suppressLeadUpSound = true;
    touchConfig.onPress = []() {
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ void printPartitionTable()
 #include "AmbientLightingThread.h"
 #include "PowerFSMThread.h"

-#if !defined(ARCH_STM32WL) && !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_I2C
+#if !defined(ARCH_STM32WL) && !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_I2C && !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_ACCELEROMETER
 #include "motion/AccelerometerThread.h"
 AccelerometerThread *accelerometerThread = nullptr;
 #endif
@@ -657,7 +657,7 @@ void setup()
    }
 #endif

-#if !defined(ARCH_STM32WL)
+#if !defined(ARCH_STM32WL) && !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_ACCELEROMETER
    auto acc_info = i2cScanner->firstAccelerometer();
    accelerometer_found = acc_info.type != ScanI2C::DeviceType::NONE ? acc_info.address : accelerometer_found;
    LOG_DEBUG("acc_info = %i", acc_info.type);
@@ -737,7 +737,7 @@ void setup()
 #endif

 #if !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_I2C
-#if !defined(ARCH_STM32WL)
+#if !defined(ARCH_STM32WL) && !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_ACCELEROMETER
    if (acc_info.type != ScanI2C::DeviceType::NONE) {
        accelerometerThread = new AccelerometerThread(acc_info.type);
    }
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ extern UdpMulticastHandler *udpHandler;
 // Global Screen singleton.
 extern graphics::Screen *screen;

-#if !defined(ARCH_STM32WL) && !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_I2C
+#if !defined(ARCH_STM32WL) && !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_I2C && !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_ACCELEROMETER
 #include "motion/AccelerometerThread.h"
 extern AccelerometerThread *accelerometerThread;
 #endif
@@ -61,6 +61,33 @@ bool CryptoEngine::regeneratePublicKey(uint8_t *pubKey, uint8_t *privKey)
    }
    return true;
 }
+
+bool CryptoEngine::ensurePkiKeys(meshtastic_Config_SecurityConfig &security, meshtastic_User &user)
+{
+    if (user.is_licensed) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    bool keygenSuccess = false;
+    if (security.private_key.size == 32) {
+        if (regeneratePublicKey(security.public_key.bytes, security.private_key.bytes)) {
+            keygenSuccess = true;
+        }
+    } else {
+        LOG_INFO("Generate new PKI keys");
+        generateKeyPair(security.public_key.bytes, security.private_key.bytes);
+        keygenSuccess = true;
+    }
+
+    if (keygenSuccess) {
+        security.public_key.size = 32;
+        security.private_key.size = 32;
+        user.public_key.size = 32;
+        memcpy(user.public_key.bytes, security.public_key.bytes, 32);
+    }
+
+    return keygenSuccess;
+}
 #endif

 /**
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ class CryptoEngine
 #if !(MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_PKI_KEYGEN)
    virtual void generateKeyPair(uint8_t *pubKey, uint8_t *privKey);
    virtual bool regeneratePublicKey(uint8_t *pubKey, uint8_t *privKey);
+    virtual bool ensurePkiKeys(meshtastic_Config_SecurityConfig &security, meshtastic_User &user);

 #endif
    void setDHPrivateKey(uint8_t *_private_key);
@@ -13,12 +13,12 @@
 #define TEN_SECONDS_MS 10 * 1000
 #define MAX_INTERVAL INT32_MAX // FIXME: INT32_MAX to avoid overflow issues with Apple clients but should be UINT32_MAX

-#define min_default_telemetry_interval_secs 30 * 60
+#define min_default_telemetry_interval_secs IF_ROUTER(ONE_DAY / 2, 30 * 60)
 #define default_gps_update_interval IF_ROUTER(ONE_DAY, 2 * 60)
 #define default_telemetry_broadcast_interval_secs IF_ROUTER(ONE_DAY / 2, 60 * 60)
 #define default_broadcast_interval_secs IF_ROUTER(ONE_DAY / 2, 60 * 60)
 #define default_broadcast_smart_minimum_interval_secs 5 * 60
-#define min_default_broadcast_interval_secs 60 * 60
+#define min_default_broadcast_interval_secs IF_ROUTER(ONE_DAY / 2, 60 * 60)
 #define min_default_broadcast_smart_minimum_interval_secs 5 * 60
 #define default_wait_bluetooth_secs IF_ROUTER(1, 60)
 #define default_sds_secs IF_ROUTER(ONE_DAY, UINT32_MAX) // Default to forever super deep sleep
@@ -91,10 +91,27 @@ void FloodingRouter::reprocessPacket(const meshtastic_MeshPacket *p)
 {
    if (nodeDB)
        nodeDB->updateFrom(*p);
+
 #if !MESHTASTIC_EXCLUDE_TRACEROUTE
+    if (traceRouteModule && p->which_payload_variant != meshtastic_MeshPacket_decoded_tag) {
+        // If we got a packet that is not decoded, try to decode it so we can check for traceroute.
+        auto decodedState = perhapsDecode(const_cast<meshtastic_MeshPacket *>(p));
+        if (decodedState == DecodeState::DECODE_SUCCESS) {
+            // parsing was successful, print for debugging
+            printPacket("reprocessPacket(DUP)", p);
+        } else {
+            // Fatal decoding error, we can't do anything with this packet
+            LOG_WARN(
+                "FloodingRouter::reprocessPacket: Fatal decode error (state=%d, id=0x%08x, from=%u), can't check for traceroute",
+                static_cast<int>(decodedState), p->id, getFrom(p));
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+
    if (traceRouteModule && p->which_payload_variant == meshtastic_MeshPacket_decoded_tag &&
-        p->decoded.portnum == meshtastic_PortNum_TRACEROUTE_APP)
+        p->decoded.portnum == meshtastic_PortNum_TRACEROUTE_APP) {
        traceRouteModule->processUpgradedPacket(*p);
+    }
 #endif
 }

@@ -192,6 +192,11 @@ template <typename T> bool LR11x0Interface<T>::reconfigure()
    err = lora.setOutputPower(power);
    assert(err == RADIOLIB_ERR_NONE);

+    // Apply RX gain mode — valid in STDBY, matches resetAGC() pattern
+    err = lora.setRxBoostedGainMode(config.lora.sx126x_rx_boosted_gain);
+    if (err != RADIOLIB_ERR_NONE)
+        LOG_WARN("LR11x0 setRxBoostedGainMode %s%d", radioLibErr, err);
+
    startReceive(); // restart receiving

    return RADIOLIB_ERR_NONE;
@@ -173,14 +173,16 @@ void LoRaFEMInterface::setRxModeEnableWhenMCUSleep(void)
 #endif
 #elif defined(USE_KCT8103L_PA)
    digitalWrite(LORA_KCT8103L_PA_CSD, HIGH);
-    rtc_gpio_hold_en((gpio_num_t)LORA_KCT8103L_PA_CSD);
    if (lna_enabled) {
        digitalWrite(LORA_KCT8103L_PA_CTX, LOW);
    } else {
        digitalWrite(LORA_KCT8103L_PA_CTX, HIGH);
    }
+#if defined(ARCH_ESP32)
+    rtc_gpio_hold_en((gpio_num_t)LORA_KCT8103L_PA_CSD);
    rtc_gpio_hold_en((gpio_num_t)LORA_KCT8103L_PA_CTX);
 #endif
+#endif
 }

 void LoRaFEMInterface::setLNAEnable(bool enabled)
@@ -5,18 +5,52 @@
 #include "PointerQueue.h"
 #include "configuration.h"

+// Sentinel marking the end of a modem preset array
+static constexpr meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset MODEM_PRESET_END =
+    static_cast<meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset>(0xFF);
+
+// Region profile: bundles the preset list with regulatory parameters shared across regions
+struct RegionProfile {
+    const meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset *presets; // sentinel-terminated; first entry is the default
+    float spacing;                                           // gaps between radio channels
+    float padding;                                           // padding at each side of the "operating channel"
+    bool audioPermitted;
+    bool licensedOnly;        // a region profile for licensed operators only
+    int8_t textThrottle;      // throttle for text - future expansion
+    int8_t positionThrottle;  // throttle for location data - future expansion
+    int8_t telemetryThrottle; // throttle for telemetry - future expansion
+    uint8_t overrideSlot;     // a per-region override slot for if we need to fix it in place
+};
+
+extern const RegionProfile PROFILE_STD;
+extern const RegionProfile PROFILE_EU868;
+extern const RegionProfile PROFILE_UNDEF;
+// extern const RegionProfile  PROFILE_LITE;
+// extern const RegionProfile  PROFILE_NARROW;
+// extern const RegionProfile  PROFILE_HAM;
+
 // Map from old region names to new region enums
 struct RegionInfo {
    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode code;
    float freqStart;
    float freqEnd;
-    float dutyCycle;
-    float spacing;
+    float dutyCycle;    // modified by getEffectiveDutyCycle
    uint8_t powerLimit; // Or zero for not set
-    bool audioPermitted;
    bool freqSwitching;
    bool wideLora;
+    const RegionProfile *profile;
    const char *name; // EU433 etc
+
+    // Preset accessors (delegate through profile)
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset getDefaultPreset() const { return profile->presets[0]; }
+    const meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset *getAvailablePresets() const { return profile->presets; }
+    size_t getNumPresets() const
+    {
+        size_t n = 0;
+        while (profile->presets[n] != MODEM_PRESET_END)
+            n++;
+        return n;
+    }
 };

 extern const RegionInfo regions[];
@@ -322,9 +322,9 @@ NodeDB::NodeDB()
    // config.network.enabled_protocols = meshtastic_Config_NetworkConfig_ProtocolFlags_UDP_BROADCAST;

    // If we are setup to broadcast on any default channel slot (with default frequency slot semantics),
-    // ensure that the telemetry intervals are coerced to the minimum value of 30 minutes or more.
+    // ensure that the telemetry intervals are coerced to the role-aware minimum value.
    if (channels.hasDefaultChannel()) {
-        LOG_DEBUG("Coerce telemetry to min of 30 minutes on defaults");
+        LOG_DEBUG("Coerce telemetry to role-aware minimum on defaults");
        moduleConfig.telemetry.device_update_interval = Default::getConfiguredOrMinimumValue(
            moduleConfig.telemetry.device_update_interval, min_default_telemetry_interval_secs);
        moduleConfig.telemetry.environment_update_interval = Default::getConfiguredOrMinimumValue(
@@ -347,7 +347,7 @@ NodeDB::NodeDB()
        }
    }
    if (positionUsesDefaultChannel) {
-        LOG_DEBUG("Coerce position broadcasts to min of 1 hour and smart broadcast min of 5 minutes on defaults");
+        LOG_DEBUG("Coerce position broadcasts to role-aware minimum and smart broadcast min of 5 minutes on defaults");
        config.position.position_broadcast_secs =
            Default::getConfiguredOrMinimumValue(config.position.position_broadcast_secs, min_default_broadcast_interval_secs);
        config.position.broadcast_smart_minimum_interval_secs = Default::getConfiguredOrMinimumValue(
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ void NodeDB::loadFromDisk()
    // Coerce LoRa config fields derived from presets while bootstrapping.
    // Some clients/UI components display bandwidth/spread_factor directly from config even in preset mode.
    if (config.has_lora && config.lora.use_preset) {
-        RadioInterface::bootstrapLoRaConfigFromPreset(config.lora);
+        RadioInterface::clampConfigLora(config.lora);
    }

 #if defined(USERPREFS_LORA_TX_DISABLED) && USERPREFS_LORA_TX_DISABLED
@@ -18,10 +18,7 @@
 #include "concurrency/LockGuard.h"
 #include "main.h"
 #include "xmodem.h"
-
-#if FromRadio_size > MAX_TO_FROM_RADIO_SIZE
-#error FromRadio is too big
-#endif
+#include <pb_encode.h>

 #if ToRadio_size > MAX_TO_FROM_RADIO_SIZE
 #error ToRadio is too big
@@ -61,13 +58,14 @@ void PhoneAPI::handleStartConfig()
    onConfigStart();

    // even if we were already connected - restart our state machine
-    if (config_nonce == SPECIAL_NONCE_ONLY_NODES) {
+    if (config_nonce == SPECIAL_NONCE_ONLY_NODES || config_nonce == SPECIAL_NONCE_BATCH_ONLY_NODES) {
        // If client only wants node info, jump directly to sending nodes
        state = STATE_SEND_OWN_NODEINFO;
        LOG_INFO("Client only wants node info, skipping other config");
    } else {
        state = STATE_SEND_MY_INFO;
    }
+    batchNodeInfo = (config_nonce == SPECIAL_NONCE_BATCH || config_nonce == SPECIAL_NONCE_BATCH_ONLY_NODES);
    pauseBluetoothLogging = true;
    spiLock->lock();
    filesManifest = getFiles("/", 10);
@@ -223,6 +221,48 @@ bool PhoneAPI::handleToRadio(const uint8_t *buf, size_t bufLength)
    STATE_SEND_PACKETS // send packets or debug strings
 */

+/// Context passed to the nanopb encoding callback for batched NodeInfo
+struct NodeInfoBatchEncodeContext {
+    std::deque<meshtastic_NodeInfo> *items;
+    size_t itemCount; // How many items from the front of the deque to encode
+};
+
+/// Nanopb encoding callback for repeated NodeInfo items in a NodeInfoBatch.
+/// Called by pb_encode during both sizing and actual encoding passes.
+static bool nodeInfoBatchEncodeCallback(pb_ostream_t *stream, const pb_field_iter_t *field, void *const *arg)
+{
+    auto *ctx = static_cast<NodeInfoBatchEncodeContext *>(*arg);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < ctx->itemCount && i < ctx->items->size(); i++) {
+        if (!pb_encode_tag_for_field(stream, field))
+            return false;
+        if (!pb_encode_submessage(stream, meshtastic_NodeInfo_fields, &(*ctx->items)[i]))
+            return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+/// Calculate how many NodeInfos from the front of the deque fit within maxPayloadBytes.
+/// maxPayloadBytes is the budget for the inner NodeInfoBatch content (repeated field entries).
+static size_t calculateBatchCount(std::deque<meshtastic_NodeInfo> &items, size_t maxPayloadBytes)
+{
+    size_t totalSize = 0;
+    size_t count = 0;
+    for (const auto &info : items) {
+        pb_ostream_t sizestream = PB_OSTREAM_SIZING;
+        if (!pb_encode(&sizestream, meshtastic_NodeInfo_fields, &info))
+            break;
+        size_t itemSize = sizestream.bytes_written;
+        // Per-item overhead: 1 byte tag (field 1, wire type 2) + varint length prefix
+        size_t overhead = 1 + (itemSize < 128 ? 1 : 2);
+        if (totalSize + overhead + itemSize > maxPayloadBytes)
+            break;
+        totalSize += overhead + itemSize;
+        count++;
+    }
+    // Always include at least 1 item if available (even if it slightly exceeds budget)
+    return count > 0 ? count : (items.empty() ? 0 : 1);
+}
+
 size_t PhoneAPI::getFromRadio(uint8_t *buf)
 {
    // Respond to heartbeat by sending queue status
@@ -231,7 +271,7 @@ size_t PhoneAPI::getFromRadio(uint8_t *buf)
        fromRadioScratch.which_payload_variant = meshtastic_FromRadio_queueStatus_tag;
        fromRadioScratch.queueStatus = router->getQueueStatus();
        heartbeatReceived = false;
-        size_t numbytes = pb_encode_to_bytes(buf, meshtastic_FromRadio_size, &meshtastic_FromRadio_msg, &fromRadioScratch);
+        size_t numbytes = pb_encode_to_bytes(buf, MAX_TO_FROM_RADIO_SIZE, &meshtastic_FromRadio_msg, &fromRadioScratch);
        LOG_DEBUG("FromRadio=STATE_SEND_QUEUE_STATUS, numbytes=%u", numbytes);
        return numbytes;
    }
@@ -286,7 +326,7 @@ size_t PhoneAPI::getFromRadio(uint8_t *buf)
                nodeInfoForPhone.num = 0;
            }
        }
-        if (config_nonce == SPECIAL_NONCE_ONLY_NODES) {
+        if (config_nonce == SPECIAL_NONCE_ONLY_NODES || config_nonce == SPECIAL_NONCE_BATCH_ONLY_NODES) {
            // If client only wants node info, jump directly to sending nodes
            state = STATE_SEND_OTHER_NODEINFOS;
            onNowHasData(0);
@@ -479,6 +519,81 @@ size_t PhoneAPI::getFromRadio(uint8_t *buf)
            LOG_INFO("Start sending nodeinfos millis=%u", millis());
        }

+        if (batchNodeInfo) {
+            // Batched path: pack multiple NodeInfos into a single FromRadio packet.
+            // Consolidate any pending nodeInfoForPhone into the queue, then top it up.
+            {
+                concurrency::LockGuard guard(&nodeInfoMutex);
+                if (nodeInfoForPhone.num != 0) {
+                    nodeInfoQueue.push_front(nodeInfoForPhone);
+                    nodeInfoForPhone = {};
+                }
+            }
+            prefetchNodeInfos();
+
+            bool queueEmpty;
+            {
+                concurrency::LockGuard guard(&nodeInfoMutex);
+                queueEmpty = nodeInfoQueue.empty();
+            }
+
+            if (queueEmpty) {
+                LOG_DEBUG("Done sending %d of %d nodeinfos (batched) millis=%u", readIndex, nodeDB->getNumMeshNodes(), millis());
+                concurrency::LockGuard guard(&nodeInfoMutex);
+                nodeInfoQueue.clear();
+                state = STATE_SEND_FILEMANIFEST;
+                return getFromRadio(buf);
+            }
+
+            // Fix up user IDs and log progress
+            {
+                concurrency::LockGuard guard(&nodeInfoMutex);
+                for (auto &info : nodeInfoQueue) {
+                    sprintf(info.user.id, "!%08x", info.num);
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Estimate overhead: FromRadio id (~2B) + oneof tag 18 (~2B) + NodeInfoBatch length varint (~2B) = ~6 bytes
+            constexpr size_t kFromRadioOverhead = 10; // conservative
+            size_t batchCount;
+            {
+                concurrency::LockGuard guard(&nodeInfoMutex);
+                batchCount = calculateBatchCount(nodeInfoQueue, MAX_TO_FROM_RADIO_SIZE - kFromRadioOverhead);
+            }
+
+            if (readIndex == 2 || readIndex % 20 == 0) {
+                concurrency::LockGuard guard(&nodeInfoMutex);
+                LOG_DEBUG("nodeinfo batch: %d items, %d/%d total", batchCount, readIndex, nodeDB->getNumMeshNodes());
+            }
+
+            // Use a local FromRadio so the callback context pointer doesn't outlive its scope.
+            meshtastic_FromRadio batchRadio = {};
+            NodeInfoBatchEncodeContext ctx;
+            {
+                concurrency::LockGuard guard(&nodeInfoMutex);
+                ctx.items = &nodeInfoQueue;
+                ctx.itemCount = batchCount;
+            }
+
+            batchRadio.which_payload_variant = meshtastic_FromRadio_node_info_batch_tag;
+            batchRadio.node_info_batch.items.funcs.encode = nodeInfoBatchEncodeCallback;
+            batchRadio.node_info_batch.items.arg = &ctx;
+
+            size_t numbytes = pb_encode_to_bytes(buf, MAX_TO_FROM_RADIO_SIZE, &meshtastic_FromRadio_msg, &batchRadio);
+
+            // Remove consumed items from the queue
+            {
+                concurrency::LockGuard guard(&nodeInfoMutex);
+                for (size_t i = 0; i < batchCount && !nodeInfoQueue.empty(); i++) {
+                    nodeInfoQueue.pop_front();
+                }
+            }
+
+            prefetchNodeInfos();
+            return numbytes;
+        }
+
+        // Non-batched path: send one NodeInfo per FromRadio packet (legacy behavior)
        meshtastic_NodeInfo infoToSend = {};
        {
            concurrency::LockGuard guard(&nodeInfoMutex);
@@ -496,11 +611,6 @@ size_t PhoneAPI::getFromRadio(uint8_t *buf)
            // Just in case we stored a different user.id in the past, but should never happen going forward
            sprintf(infoToSend.user.id, "!%08x", infoToSend.num);

-            // Logging this really slows down sending nodes on initial connection because the serial console is so slow, so only
-            // uncomment if you really need to:
-            // LOG_INFO("nodeinfo: num=0x%x, lastseen=%u, id=%s, name=%s", nodeInfoForPhone.num, nodeInfoForPhone.last_heard,
-            // nodeInfoForPhone.user.id, nodeInfoForPhone.user.long_name);
-
            // Occasional progress logging. (readIndex==2 will be true for the first non-us node)
            if (readIndex == 2 || readIndex % 20 == 0) {
                LOG_DEBUG("nodeinfo: %d/%d", readIndex, nodeDB->getNumMeshNodes());
@@ -523,8 +633,8 @@ size_t PhoneAPI::getFromRadio(uint8_t *buf)
    case STATE_SEND_FILEMANIFEST: {
        LOG_DEBUG("FromRadio=STATE_SEND_FILEMANIFEST");
        // last element
-        if (config_state == filesManifest.size() ||
-            config_nonce == SPECIAL_NONCE_ONLY_NODES) { // also handles an empty filesManifest
+        if (config_state == filesManifest.size() || config_nonce == SPECIAL_NONCE_ONLY_NODES ||
+            config_nonce == SPECIAL_NONCE_BATCH_ONLY_NODES) { // also handles an empty filesManifest
            config_state = 0;
            filesManifest.clear();
            // Skip to complete packet
@@ -579,7 +689,7 @@ size_t PhoneAPI::getFromRadio(uint8_t *buf)
    // Do we have a message from the mesh?
    if (fromRadioScratch.which_payload_variant != 0) {
        // Encapsulate as a FromRadio packet
-        size_t numbytes = pb_encode_to_bytes(buf, meshtastic_FromRadio_size, &meshtastic_FromRadio_msg, &fromRadioScratch);
+        size_t numbytes = pb_encode_to_bytes(buf, MAX_TO_FROM_RADIO_SIZE, &meshtastic_FromRadio_msg, &fromRadioScratch);

        // VERY IMPORTANT to not print debug messages while writing to fromRadioScratch - because we use that same buffer
        // for logging (when we are encapsulating with protobufs)
@@ -13,15 +13,14 @@
 // Make sure that we never let our packets grow too large for one BLE packet
 #define MAX_TO_FROM_RADIO_SIZE 512

-#if meshtastic_FromRadio_size > MAX_TO_FROM_RADIO_SIZE
-#error "meshtastic_FromRadio_size is too large for our BLE packets"
-#endif
 #if meshtastic_ToRadio_size > MAX_TO_FROM_RADIO_SIZE
 #error "meshtastic_ToRadio_size is too large for our BLE packets"
 #endif

 #define SPECIAL_NONCE_ONLY_CONFIG 69420
 #define SPECIAL_NONCE_ONLY_NODES 69421 // ( ͡° ͜ʖ ͡°)
+#define SPECIAL_NONCE_BATCH 69422
+#define SPECIAL_NONCE_BATCH_ONLY_NODES 69423

 /**
 * Provides our protobuf based API which phone/PC clients can use to talk to our device
@@ -88,6 +87,9 @@ class PhoneAPI
    // Protect nodeInfoForPhone + nodeInfoQueue because NimBLE callbacks run in a separate FreeRTOS task.
    concurrency::Lock nodeInfoMutex;

+    // When true, bundle multiple NodeInfos per FromRadio packet (opt-in via batch nonce)
+    bool batchNodeInfo = false;
+
    meshtastic_ToRadio toRadioScratch = {
        0}; // this is a static scratch object, any data must be copied elsewhere before returning

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 #include <assert.h>
 #include <pb_decode.h>
 #include <pb_encode.h>
+#include <string.h>

 #ifdef ARCH_PORTDUINO
 #include "platform/portduino/PortduinoGlue.h"
@@ -32,10 +33,32 @@
 #include "STM32WLE5JCInterface.h"
 #endif

-#define RDEF(name, freq_start, freq_end, duty_cycle, spacing, power_limit, audio_permitted, frequency_switching, wide_lora)      \
+static const meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset PRESETS_STD[] = {
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_FAST,     meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_SLOW,
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_MEDIUM_SLOW,   meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_MEDIUM_FAST,
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_SHORT_SLOW,    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_SHORT_FAST,
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_MODERATE, meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_SHORT_TURBO,
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_TURBO,    MODEM_PRESET_END};
+
+static const meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset PRESETS_EU_868[] = {
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_FAST,     meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_SLOW,
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_MEDIUM_SLOW,   meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_MEDIUM_FAST,
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_SHORT_SLOW,    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_SHORT_FAST,
+    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_MODERATE, MODEM_PRESET_END};
+
+static const meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset PRESETS_UNDEF[] = {meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_FAST,
+                                                                         MODEM_PRESET_END};
+
+// Region profiles: bundle preset list + regulatory parameters shared across regions
+// presets, spacing, padding, audio, licensed, text throttle, position throttle, telemetry throttle, override slot
+const RegionProfile PROFILE_STD = {PRESETS_STD, 0, 0, true, false, 0, 0, 0, 0};
+const RegionProfile PROFILE_EU868 = {PRESETS_EU_868, 0, 0, false, false, 0, 0, 0, 0};
+const RegionProfile PROFILE_UNDEF = {PRESETS_UNDEF, 0, 0, true, false, 0, 0, 0, 0};
+
+#define RDEF(name, freq_start, freq_end, duty_cycle, power_limit, frequency_switching, wide_lora, profile_ptr)                   \
    {                                                                                                                            \
-        meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_##name, freq_start, freq_end, duty_cycle, spacing, power_limit, audio_permitted, \
-            frequency_switching, wide_lora, #name                                                                                \
+        meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_##name, freq_start, freq_end, duty_cycle, power_limit, frequency_switching,      \
+            wide_lora, &profile_ptr, #name                                                                                       \
    }

 const RegionInfo regions[] = {
@@ -43,7 +66,7 @@ const RegionInfo regions[] = {
        https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/bbm%3A978-1-4842-4357-2%2F1.pdf
        https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/docs/lorawan/regional-parameters/
    */
-    RDEF(US, 902.0f, 928.0f, 100, 0, 30, true, false, false),
+    RDEF(US, 902.0f, 928.0f, 100, 30, false, false, PROFILE_STD),

    /*
        EN300220 ETSI V3.2.1 [Table B.1, Item H, p. 21]
@@ -51,8 +74,7 @@ const RegionInfo regions[] = {
        https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_en/300200_300299/30022002/03.02.01_60/en_30022002v030201p.pdf
        FIXME: https://github.com/meshtastic/firmware/issues/3371
     */
-    RDEF(EU_433, 433.0f, 434.0f, 10, 0, 10, true, false, false),
-
+    RDEF(EU_433, 433.0f, 434.0f, 10, 10, false, false, PROFILE_STD),
    /*
       https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/docs/lorawan/duty-cycle/
       https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/docs/lorawan/regional-parameters/
@@ -67,33 +89,33 @@ const RegionInfo regions[] = {
       AFA) to avoid a duty cycle. (Please refer to line P page 22 of this document.)
       https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_en/300200_300299/30022002/03.01.01_60/en_30022002v030101p.pdf
     */
-    RDEF(EU_868, 869.4f, 869.65f, 10, 0, 27, false, false, false),
+    RDEF(EU_868, 869.4f, 869.65f, 10, 27, false, false, PROFILE_EU868),

    /*
        https://lora-alliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/lorawan_regional_parameters_v1.0.3reva_0.pdf
     */
-    RDEF(CN, 470.0f, 510.0f, 100, 0, 19, true, false, false),
+    RDEF(CN, 470.0f, 510.0f, 100, 19, false, false, PROFILE_STD),

    /*
        https://lora-alliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/lorawan_regional_parameters_v1.0.3reva_0.pdf
        https://www.arib.or.jp/english/html/overview/doc/5-STD-T108v1_5-E1.pdf
        https://qiita.com/ammo0613/items/d952154f1195b64dc29f
     */
-    RDEF(JP, 920.5f, 923.5f, 100, 0, 13, true, false, false),
+    RDEF(JP, 920.5f, 923.5f, 100, 13, false, false, PROFILE_STD),

    /*
        https://www.iot.org.au/wp/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/IoTSpectrumFactSheet.pdf
        https://iotalliance.org.nz/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2019/05/IoT-Spectrum-in-NZ-Briefing-Paper.pdf
        Also used in Brazil.
     */
-    RDEF(ANZ, 915.0f, 928.0f, 100, 0, 30, true, false, false),
+    RDEF(ANZ, 915.0f, 928.0f, 100, 30, false, false, PROFILE_STD),

    /*
        433.05 - 434.79 MHz, 25mW EIRP max, No duty cycle restrictions
        AU Low Interference Potential https://www.acma.gov.au/licences/low-interference-potential-devices-lipd-class-licence
        NZ General User Radio Licence for Short Range Devices https://gazette.govt.nz/notice/id/2022-go3100
     */
-    RDEF(ANZ_433, 433.05f, 434.79f, 100, 0, 14, true, false, false),
+    RDEF(ANZ_433, 433.05f, 434.79f, 100, 14, false, false, PROFILE_STD),

    /*
        https://digital.gov.ru/uploaded/files/prilozhenie-12-k-reshenyu-gkrch-18-46-03-1.pdf
@@ -101,13 +123,13 @@ const RegionInfo regions[] = {
        Note:
            - We do LBT, so 100% is allowed.
     */
-    RDEF(RU, 868.7f, 869.2f, 100, 0, 20, true, false, false),
+    RDEF(RU, 868.7f, 869.2f, 100, 20, false, false, PROFILE_STD),

    /*
        https://www.law.go.kr/LSW/admRulLsInfoP.do?admRulId=53943&efYd=0
        https://resources.lora-alliance.org/technical-specifications/rp002-1-0-4-regional-parameters
     */
-    RDEF(KR, 920.0f, 923.0f, 100, 0, 23, true, false, false),
+    RDEF(KR, 920.0f, 923.0f, 100, 23, false, false, PROFILE_STD),

    /*
        Taiwan, 920-925Mhz, limited to 0.5W indoor or coastal, 1.0W outdoor.
@@ -115,42 +137,38 @@ const RegionInfo regions[] = {
        https://www.ncc.gov.tw/english/files/23070/102_5190_230703_1_doc_C.PDF
        https://gazette.nat.gov.tw/egFront/e_detail.do?metaid=147283
     */
-    RDEF(TW, 920.0f, 925.0f, 100, 0, 27, true, false, false),
+    RDEF(TW, 920.0f, 925.0f, 100, 27, false, false, PROFILE_STD),

    /*
        https://lora-alliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/lorawan_regional_parameters_v1.0.3reva_0.pdf
     */
-    RDEF(IN, 865.0f, 867.0f, 100, 0, 30, true, false, false),
+    RDEF(IN, 865.0f, 867.0f, 100, 30, false, false, PROFILE_STD),

    /*
         https://rrf.rsm.govt.nz/smart-web/smart/page/-smart/domain/licence/LicenceSummary.wdk?id=219752
         https://iotalliance.org.nz/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2019/05/IoT-Spectrum-in-NZ-Briefing-Paper.pdf
      */
-    RDEF(NZ_865, 864.0f, 868.0f, 100, 0, 36, true, false, false),
+    RDEF(NZ_865, 864.0f, 868.0f, 100, 36, false, false, PROFILE_STD),

    /*
       https://lora-alliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/lorawan_regional_parameters_v1.0.3reva_0.pdf
    */
-    RDEF(TH, 920.0f, 925.0f, 100, 0, 16, true, false, false),
+    RDEF(TH, 920.0f, 925.0f, 100, 16, false, false, PROFILE_STD),

    /*
        433,05-434,7 Mhz 10 mW
-        https://nkrzi.gov.ua/images/upload/256/5810/PDF_UUZ_19_01_2016.pdf
-    */
-    RDEF(UA_433, 433.0f, 434.7f, 10, 0, 10, true, false, false),
-
-    /*
        868,0-868,6 Mhz 25 mW
        https://nkrzi.gov.ua/images/upload/256/5810/PDF_UUZ_19_01_2016.pdf
    */
-    RDEF(UA_868, 868.0f, 868.6f, 1, 0, 14, true, false, false),
+    RDEF(UA_433, 433.0f, 434.7f, 10, 10, false, false, PROFILE_STD),
+    RDEF(UA_868, 868.0f, 868.6f, 1, 14, false, false, PROFILE_STD),

    /*
        Malaysia
        433 - 435 MHz at 100mW, no restrictions.
        https://www.mcmc.gov.my/skmmgovmy/media/General/pdf/Short-Range-Devices-Specification.pdf
    */
-    RDEF(MY_433, 433.0f, 435.0f, 100, 0, 20, true, false, false),
+    RDEF(MY_433, 433.0f, 435.0f, 100, 20, false, false, PROFILE_STD),

    /*
        Malaysia
@@ -159,14 +177,14 @@ const RegionInfo regions[] = {
        Frequency hopping is used for 919 - 923 MHz.
        https://www.mcmc.gov.my/skmmgovmy/media/General/pdf/Short-Range-Devices-Specification.pdf
    */
-    RDEF(MY_919, 919.0f, 924.0f, 100, 0, 27, true, true, false),
+    RDEF(MY_919, 919.0f, 924.0f, 100, 27, true, false, PROFILE_STD),

    /*
        Singapore
        SG_923 Band 30d: 917 - 925 MHz at 100mW, no restrictions.
        https://www.imda.gov.sg/-/media/imda/files/regulation-licensing-and-consultations/ict-standards/telecommunication-standards/radio-comms/imdatssrd.pdf
    */
-    RDEF(SG_923, 917.0f, 925.0f, 100, 0, 20, true, false, false),
+    RDEF(SG_923, 917.0f, 925.0f, 100, 20, false, false, PROFILE_STD),

    /*
        Philippines
@@ -176,8 +194,9 @@ const RegionInfo regions[] = {
                https://github.com/meshtastic/firmware/issues/4948#issuecomment-2394926135
    */

-    RDEF(PH_433, 433.0f, 434.7f, 100, 0, 10, true, false, false), RDEF(PH_868, 868.0f, 869.4f, 100, 0, 14, true, false, false),
-    RDEF(PH_915, 915.0f, 918.0f, 100, 0, 24, true, false, false),
+    RDEF(PH_433, 433.0f, 434.7f, 100, 10, false, false, PROFILE_STD),
+    RDEF(PH_868, 868.0f, 869.4f, 100, 14, false, false, PROFILE_STD),
+    RDEF(PH_915, 915.0f, 918.0f, 100, 24, false, false, PROFILE_STD),

    /*
        Kazakhstan
@@ -185,37 +204,38 @@ const RegionInfo regions[] = {
                863 - 868 MHz <25 mW EIRP, 500kHz channels allowed, must not be used at airfields
                                https://github.com/meshtastic/firmware/issues/7204
    */
-    RDEF(KZ_433, 433.075f, 434.775f, 100, 0, 10, true, false, false),
-    RDEF(KZ_863, 863.0f, 868.0f, 100, 0, 30, true, false, false),
+    RDEF(KZ_433, 433.075f, 434.775f, 100, 10, false, false, PROFILE_STD),
+    RDEF(KZ_863, 863.0f, 868.0f, 100, 30, false, false, PROFILE_STD),

    /*
        Nepal
        865 MHz to 868 MHz frequency band for IoT (Internet of Things), M2M (Machine-to-Machine), and smart metering use,
       specifically in non-cellular mode. https://www.nta.gov.np/uploads/contents/Radio-Frequency-Policy-2080-English.pdf
    */
-    RDEF(NP_865, 865.0f, 868.0f, 100, 0, 30, true, false, false),
+    RDEF(NP_865, 865.0f, 868.0f, 100, 30, false, false, PROFILE_STD),

    /*
        Brazil
        902 - 907.5 MHz , 1W power limit, no duty cycle restrictions
        https://github.com/meshtastic/firmware/issues/3741
    */
-    RDEF(BR_902, 902.0f, 907.5f, 100, 0, 30, true, false, false),
+    RDEF(BR_902, 902.0f, 907.5f, 100, 30, false, false, PROFILE_STD),

    /*
       2.4 GHZ WLAN Band equivalent. Only for SX128x chips.
    */
-    RDEF(LORA_24, 2400.0f, 2483.5f, 100, 0, 10, true, false, true),
+    RDEF(LORA_24, 2400.0f, 2483.5f, 100, 10, false, true, PROFILE_STD),

    /*
        This needs to be last. Same as US.
    */
-    RDEF(UNSET, 902.0f, 928.0f, 100, 0, 30, true, false, false)
+    RDEF(UNSET, 902.0f, 928.0f, 100, 30, false, false, PROFILE_UNDEF)

 };

 const RegionInfo *myRegion;
 bool RadioInterface::uses_default_frequency_slot = true;
+bool RadioInterface::uses_custom_channel_name = false;

 static uint8_t bytes[MAX_LORA_PAYLOAD_LEN + 1];

@@ -501,45 +521,14 @@ void initRegion()
    myRegion = r;
 }

-void RadioInterface::bootstrapLoRaConfigFromPreset(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig &loraConfig)
+const RegionInfo *getRegion(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode code)
 {
-    if (!loraConfig.use_preset) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    // Find region info to determine whether "wide" LoRa is permitted (2.4 GHz uses wider bandwidth codes).
    const RegionInfo *r = regions;
-    for (; r->code != meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_UNSET && r->code != loraConfig.region; r++)
+    for (; r->code != meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_UNSET && r->code != code; r++)
        ;
-
-    const bool regionWideLora = r->wideLora;
-
-    float bwKHz = 0;
-    uint8_t sf = 0;
-    uint8_t cr = 0;
-    modemPresetToParams(loraConfig.modem_preset, regionWideLora, bwKHz, sf, cr);
-
-    // If selected preset requests a bandwidth larger than the region span, fall back to LONG_FAST.
-    if (r->code != meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_RegionCode_UNSET && (r->freqEnd - r->freqStart) < (bwKHz / 1000.0f)) {
-        loraConfig.modem_preset = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_FAST;
-        modemPresetToParams(loraConfig.modem_preset, regionWideLora, bwKHz, sf, cr);
-    }
-
-    loraConfig.bandwidth = bwKHzToCode(bwKHz);
-    loraConfig.spread_factor = sf;
+    return r;
 }

-/**
- * ## LoRaWAN for North America
-
-LoRaWAN defines 64, 125 kHz channels from 902.3 to 914.9 MHz increments.
-
-The maximum output power for North America is +30 dBM.
-
-The band is from 902 to 928 MHz. It mentions channel number and its respective channel frequency. All the 13 channels are
-separated by 2.16 MHz with respect to the adjacent channels. Channel zero starts at 903.08 MHz center frequency.
-*/
-
 uint32_t RadioInterface::getPacketTime(const meshtastic_MeshPacket *p, bool received)
 {
    uint32_t pl = 0;
@@ -749,7 +738,7 @@ void RadioInterface::saveFreq(float freq)
 }

 /**
- * Save our channel for later reuse.
+ * Save our frequency slot (aka channel) for later reuse.
 */
 void RadioInterface::saveChannelNum(uint32_t channel_num)
 {
@@ -772,113 +761,297 @@ uint32_t RadioInterface::getChannelNum()
    return savedChannelNum;
 }

+/**
+ * Send an error-level client notification. Safe to call when service is null (e.g. in tests).
+ */
+static void sendErrorNotification(const char *msg)
+{
+    if (!service)
+        return;
+    meshtastic_ClientNotification *cn = clientNotificationPool.allocZeroed();
+    if (!cn)
+        return;
+    cn->level = meshtastic_LogRecord_Level_ERROR;
+    snprintf(cn->message, sizeof(cn->message), "%s", msg);
+    service->sendClientNotification(cn);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Checks if a region is valid for the current settings.
+ * Returns false if not compatible.
+ */
+bool RadioInterface::validateConfigRegion(const meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig &loraConfig)
+{
+    const RegionInfo *newRegion = getRegion(loraConfig.region);
+
+    // If you are not licensed, you can't use ham regions.
+    if (newRegion->profile->licensedOnly && !devicestate.owner.is_licensed) {
+        char err_string[160];
+        snprintf(err_string, sizeof(err_string), "Region %s requires licensed mode", newRegion->name);
+        LOG_ERROR("%s", err_string);
+        RECORD_CRITICALERROR(meshtastic_CriticalErrorCode_INVALID_RADIO_SETTING);
+        sendErrorNotification(err_string);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Internal helper: validate or clamp a LoRa config against its region.
+ * When clamp==false, returns false on first error (pure validation).
+ * When clamp==true, fixes invalid settings in-place and returns true.
+ */
+bool RadioInterface::checkOrClampConfigLora(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig &loraConfig, bool clamp)
+{
+    char err_string[160];
+    float check_bw;
+
+    const RegionInfo *newRegion = getRegion(loraConfig.region);
+
+    const char *presetName = DisplayFormatters::getModemPresetDisplayName(loraConfig.modem_preset, false, loraConfig.use_preset);
+
+    // Check preset validity (only when use_preset is true)
+    if (loraConfig.use_preset) {
+        check_bw = modemPresetToBwKHz(loraConfig.modem_preset, newRegion->wideLora);
+
+        bool preset_valid = false;
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < newRegion->getNumPresets(); i++) {
+            if (loraConfig.modem_preset == newRegion->getAvailablePresets()[i]) {
+                preset_valid = true;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        if (!preset_valid) {
+            const char *defaultName = DisplayFormatters::getModemPresetDisplayName(newRegion->getDefaultPreset(), false, true);
+            if (clamp) {
+                snprintf(err_string, sizeof(err_string), "Preset %s invalid for %s, using %s", presetName, newRegion->name,
+                         defaultName);
+            } else {
+                snprintf(err_string, sizeof(err_string), "Preset %s invalid for %s", presetName, newRegion->name);
+            }
+            LOG_ERROR("%s", err_string);
+            RECORD_CRITICALERROR(meshtastic_CriticalErrorCode_INVALID_RADIO_SETTING);
+            sendErrorNotification(err_string);
+
+            if (clamp) {
+                loraConfig.modem_preset = newRegion->getDefaultPreset();
+                check_bw = modemPresetToBwKHz(loraConfig.modem_preset, newRegion->wideLora);
+            } else {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+    } else {
+        check_bw = bwCodeToKHz(loraConfig.bandwidth);
+    }
+
+    // Calculate width of slots (aka channels) based on bandwidth and any spacing or padding required by the region:
+    // spacing = gap between slots (0 for continuous spectrum) and at the beginning of the band
+    // padding = gap at the beginning and end of the slots (0 for no padding)
+    float freqSlotWidth = newRegion->profile->spacing + (newRegion->profile->padding * 2) + (check_bw / 1000); // in MHz
+    uint32_t numFreqSlots = round((newRegion->freqEnd - newRegion->freqStart + newRegion->profile->spacing) / freqSlotWidth);
+
+    // Check if the region supports the requested bandwidth
+    if ((newRegion->freqEnd - newRegion->freqStart) < freqSlotWidth) {
+        const float regionSpanKHz = (newRegion->freqEnd - newRegion->freqStart) * 1000.0f;
+        snprintf(err_string, sizeof(err_string), "%s span %.0fkHz < requested %.0fkHz", newRegion->name, regionSpanKHz, check_bw);
+        LOG_ERROR("%s", err_string);
+        RECORD_CRITICALERROR(meshtastic_CriticalErrorCode_INVALID_RADIO_SETTING);
+        sendErrorNotification(err_string);
+
+        if (clamp) {
+            loraConfig.bandwidth = bwKHzToCode(modemPresetToBwKHz(newRegion->getDefaultPreset(), newRegion->wideLora));
+            check_bw = bwCodeToKHz(loraConfig.bandwidth);
+
+            // Recompute slot width and number of slots based on the new bandwidth
+            freqSlotWidth = newRegion->profile->spacing + (newRegion->profile->padding * 2) + (check_bw / 1000); // in MHz
+            numFreqSlots = round((newRegion->freqEnd - newRegion->freqStart + newRegion->profile->spacing) / freqSlotWidth);
+        } else {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    const char *channelName = channels.getName(channels.getPrimaryIndex());
+    const char *presetNameDisplay =
+        DisplayFormatters::getModemPresetDisplayName(loraConfig.modem_preset, false, loraConfig.use_preset);
+    uint32_t channelNameHashSlot = hash(channelName) % numFreqSlots;
+    uint32_t presetNameHashSlot = hash(presetNameDisplay) % numFreqSlots;
+
+    if (loraConfig.override_frequency == 0) {
+
+        // Check if we use the default frequency slot
+        uses_default_frequency_slot =
+            (loraConfig.channel_num == 0) || // user choice unset, no frequency override, so use default
+            (newRegion->profile->overrideSlot != 0 &&
+             loraConfig.channel_num == newRegion->profile->overrideSlot) || // user setting matches override
+            ((newRegion->profile->overrideSlot == 0) &&
+             ((uint32_t)(loraConfig.channel_num - 1) == presetNameHashSlot)); // user setting matches preset hash, no override
+
+        // check if user setting different to preset name
+        uses_custom_channel_name = (strcmp(channelName, presetNameDisplay) != 0);
+
+        if (loraConfig.channel_num > numFreqSlots) {
+            snprintf(err_string, sizeof(err_string), "Channel number %u invalid for %s, max is %u", loraConfig.channel_num,
+                     newRegion->name, numFreqSlots);
+            LOG_ERROR("%s", err_string);
+            RECORD_CRITICALERROR(meshtastic_CriticalErrorCode_INVALID_RADIO_SETTING);
+            sendErrorNotification(err_string);
+
+            if (clamp) {
+                if (uses_custom_channel_name) { // clamp to channel name hash
+                    loraConfig.channel_num =
+                        channelNameHashSlot + 1; // channel_num is 1-based, but hash slot is 0-based, so add 1
+                } else if ((loraConfig.use_preset) && (newRegion->profile->overrideSlot != 0)) { // clamp to preset override slot
+                    loraConfig.channel_num =
+                        newRegion->profile->overrideSlot; // use the override slot specified by the region profile
+                    uses_default_frequency_slot = true;
+                } else if (loraConfig.use_preset) {                  // clamp to preset slot
+                    loraConfig.channel_num = presetNameHashSlot + 1; // channel_num is 1-based, but hash slot is 0-based, so add 1
+                    uses_default_frequency_slot = true;
+                } else { // if not using preset, and no custom channel name, just clamp to default anyway
+                    uses_default_frequency_slot = true;
+                };
+            } else {
+                return false;
+            }
+        } // end of channel number check
+    } else {
+        // if we have a frequency override, we ignore the channel number and just use the override frequency
+        snprintf(err_string, sizeof(err_string), "Frequency override in place, using %.3f", loraConfig.override_frequency);
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool RadioInterface::validateConfigLora(const meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig &loraConfig)
+{
+    auto copy = loraConfig;
+    return checkOrClampConfigLora(copy, false);
+}
+
+void RadioInterface::clampConfigLora(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig &loraConfig)
+{
+    checkOrClampConfigLora(loraConfig, true);
+}
+
 /**
 * Pull our channel settings etc... from protobufs to the dumb interface settings
+ * Note: this must be given only settings which have been validated or clamped!
 */
 void RadioInterface::applyModemConfig()
 {
    // Set up default configuration
    // No Sync Words in LORA mode
    meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig &loraConfig = config.lora;
-    bool validConfig = false; // We need to check for a valid configuration
-    while (!validConfig) {
-        if (loraConfig.use_preset) {
-            modemPresetToParams(loraConfig.modem_preset, myRegion->wideLora, bw, sf, cr);
-            if (loraConfig.coding_rate >= 5 && loraConfig.coding_rate <= 8 && loraConfig.coding_rate != cr) {
-                cr = loraConfig.coding_rate;
-                LOG_INFO("Using custom Coding Rate %u", cr);
-            }
-        } else {
-            sf = loraConfig.spread_factor;
+    const RegionInfo *newRegion = getRegion(loraConfig.region);
+    myRegion = newRegion;
+
+    if (loraConfig.use_preset) {
+        if (!validateConfigLora(loraConfig)) {
+            loraConfig.modem_preset = newRegion->getDefaultPreset();
+        }
+        uint8_t newcr;
+        modemPresetToParams(loraConfig.modem_preset, newRegion->wideLora, bw, sf, newcr);
+        // If custom CR is being used already, check if the new preset is higher
+        if (loraConfig.coding_rate >= 5 && loraConfig.coding_rate <= 8 && loraConfig.coding_rate < newcr) {
+            cr = newcr;
+            LOG_INFO("Default Coding Rate is higher than custom setting, using %u", cr);
+        }
+        // If the custom CR is higher than the preset, use it
+        else if (loraConfig.coding_rate >= 5 && loraConfig.coding_rate <= 8 && loraConfig.coding_rate > newcr) {
            cr = loraConfig.coding_rate;
-            bw = bwCodeToKHz(loraConfig.bandwidth);
-        }
-
-        if ((myRegion->freqEnd - myRegion->freqStart) < bw / 1000) {
-            const float regionSpanKHz = (myRegion->freqEnd - myRegion->freqStart) * 1000.0f;
-            const float requestedBwKHz = bw;
-            const bool isWideRequest = requestedBwKHz >= 499.5f; // treat as 500 kHz preset
-            const char *presetName =
-                DisplayFormatters::getModemPresetDisplayName(loraConfig.modem_preset, false, loraConfig.use_preset);
-
-            char err_string[160];
-            if (isWideRequest) {
-                snprintf(err_string, sizeof(err_string), "%s region too narrow for 500kHz preset (%s). Falling back to LongFast.",
-                         myRegion->name, presetName);
-            } else {
-                snprintf(err_string, sizeof(err_string), "%s region span %.0fkHz < requested %.0fkHz. Falling back to LongFast.",
-                         myRegion->name, regionSpanKHz, requestedBwKHz);
-            }
-            LOG_ERROR("%s", err_string);
-            RECORD_CRITICALERROR(meshtastic_CriticalErrorCode_INVALID_RADIO_SETTING);
-
-            meshtastic_ClientNotification *cn = clientNotificationPool.allocZeroed();
-            cn->level = meshtastic_LogRecord_Level_ERROR;
-            snprintf(cn->message, sizeof(cn->message), "%s", err_string);
-            service->sendClientNotification(cn);
-
-            // Set to default modem preset
-            loraConfig.use_preset = true;
-            loraConfig.modem_preset = meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig_ModemPreset_LONG_FAST;
+            LOG_INFO("Using custom Coding Rate %u", cr);
        } else {
-            validConfig = true;
+            cr = loraConfig.coding_rate;
        }
+
+    } else { // if not using preset, then just use the custom settings
+        if (validateConfigLora(loraConfig)) {
+        } else {
+            LOG_WARN("Invalid LoRa config settings, cannot apply requested modem config - falling back to %s defaults",
+                     newRegion->name);
+            clampConfigLora(loraConfig);
+        }
+        bw = bwCodeToKHz(loraConfig.bandwidth);
+        sf = loraConfig.spread_factor;
+        cr = loraConfig.coding_rate;
    }

    power = loraConfig.tx_power;

-    if ((power == 0) || ((power > myRegion->powerLimit) && !devicestate.owner.is_licensed))
-        power = myRegion->powerLimit;
+    if ((power == 0) || ((power > newRegion->powerLimit) && !devicestate.owner.is_licensed))
+        power = newRegion->powerLimit;

    if (power == 0)
-        power = 17; // Default to this power level if we don't have a valid regional power limit (powerLimit of myRegion defaults
+        power = 17; // Default to this power level if we don't have a valid regional power limit (powerLimit of newRegion defaults
                    // to 0, currently no region has an actual power limit of 0 [dBm] so we can assume regions which have this
                    // variable set to 0 don't have a valid power limit)

    // Set final tx_power back onto config
    loraConfig.tx_power = (int8_t)power; // cppcheck-suppress assignmentAddressToInteger

-    // Calculate the number of channels
-    uint32_t numChannels = floor((myRegion->freqEnd - myRegion->freqStart) / (myRegion->spacing + (bw / 1000)));
+    uint32_t channel_num;
+    float freq;

-    // If user has manually specified a channel num, then use that, otherwise generate one by hashing the name
-    const char *channelName = channels.getName(channels.getPrimaryIndex());
-    // channel_num is actually (channel_num - 1), since modulus (%) returns values from 0 to (numChannels - 1)
-    uint32_t channel_num = (loraConfig.channel_num ? loraConfig.channel_num - 1 : hash(channelName)) % numChannels;
+    // Calculate number of frequency slots (aka Channels):
+    // spacing = gap between channels (0 for continuous spectrum) and at the beginning of the band
+    // padding = gap at the beginning and end of the channel (0 for no padding)
+    float freqSlotWidth = newRegion->profile->spacing + (newRegion->profile->padding * 2) + (bw / 1000); // in MHz
+    uint32_t numFreqSlots = round((newRegion->freqEnd - newRegion->freqStart + newRegion->profile->spacing) / freqSlotWidth);

-    // Check if we use the default frequency slot
-    RadioInterface::uses_default_frequency_slot =
-        channel_num ==
-        hash(DisplayFormatters::getModemPresetDisplayName(config.lora.modem_preset, false, config.lora.use_preset)) % numChannels;
-
-    // Old frequency selection formula
-    // float freq = myRegion->freqStart + ((((myRegion->freqEnd - myRegion->freqStart) / numChannels) / 2) * channel_num);
-
-    // New frequency selection formula
-    float freq = myRegion->freqStart + (bw / 2000) + (channel_num * (bw / 1000));
+    // Calculate hash of channel name and preset name to pick a default frequency slot if user has not specified one.
+    // Note that channel_num is actually (channel_num - 1), i.e. zero-based, since modulus (%) returns values from 0 to
+    // (numFreqSlots - 1).
+    uint32_t presetNameHashSlot =
+        hash(DisplayFormatters::getModemPresetDisplayName(loraConfig.modem_preset, false, loraConfig.use_preset)) % numFreqSlots;

    // override if we have a verbatim frequency
    if (loraConfig.override_frequency) {
        freq = loraConfig.override_frequency;
        channel_num = -1;
+        uses_default_frequency_slot = false;
+    } else {
+
+        // If user has not manually specified a frequency slot, or has not specified one that is different than the default or the
+        // override for the new region, then use the default or override. If the user has not specified one, but has specified a
+        // custom channel name, then use the hash of that channel name to pick a frequency slot. Note that channel_num is actually
+        // (channel_num - 1), i.e. zero-based, since modulus (%) returns values from 0 to (numFreqSlots - 1).
+        // NB: channel_num is also know as frequency slot but it's too late to fix now.
+        if (uses_default_frequency_slot) {
+            // if there's an override slot, use that
+            if (newRegion->profile->overrideSlot != 0) {
+                channel_num = newRegion->profile->overrideSlot - 1;
+            } else {
+                channel_num = presetNameHashSlot;
+            }
+        } else { // use the manually defined one
+            channel_num = loraConfig.channel_num - 1;
+        }
+
+        // Calculate frequency: freqStart is band edge, add half bandwidth (plus optional padding) to get middle of first channel
+        // subsequent channels are spaced by freqSlotWidth
+        freq = newRegion->freqStart + (bw / 2000) + newRegion->profile->padding + (channel_num * freqSlotWidth); // in MHz
    }

    saveChannelNum(channel_num);
    saveFreq(freq + loraConfig.frequency_offset);
+    const char *channelName = channels.getName(channels.getPrimaryIndex());

    slotTimeMsec = computeSlotTimeMsec();
    preambleTimeMsec = preambleLength * (pow_of_2(sf) / bw);

    LOG_INFO("Radio freq=%.3f, config.lora.frequency_offset=%.3f", freq, loraConfig.frequency_offset);
-    LOG_INFO("Set radio: region=%s, name=%s, config=%u, ch=%d, power=%d", myRegion->name, channelName, loraConfig.modem_preset,
+    LOG_INFO("Set radio: region=%s, name=%s, config=%u, ch=%d, power=%d", newRegion->name, channelName, loraConfig.modem_preset,
             channel_num, power);
-    LOG_INFO("myRegion->freqStart -> myRegion->freqEnd: %f -> %f (%f MHz)", myRegion->freqStart, myRegion->freqEnd,
-             myRegion->freqEnd - myRegion->freqStart);
-    LOG_INFO("numChannels: %d x %.3fkHz", numChannels, bw);
+    LOG_INFO("newRegion->freqStart -> newRegion->freqEnd: %f -> %f (%f MHz)", newRegion->freqStart, newRegion->freqEnd,
+             newRegion->freqEnd - newRegion->freqStart);
+    LOG_INFO("numFreqSlots: %d x %.3fkHz", numFreqSlots, bw);
+    if (newRegion->profile->overrideSlot != 0) {
+        LOG_INFO("Using region override slot: %d", newRegion->profile->overrideSlot);
+    }
    LOG_INFO("channel_num: %d", channel_num + 1);
    LOG_INFO("frequency: %f", getFreq());
    LOG_INFO("Slot time: %u msec, preamble time: %u msec", slotTimeMsec, preambleTimeMsec);
-}
+} // end of applyModemConfig

 /** Slottime is the time to detect a transmission has started, consisting of:
  - CAD duration;
@@ -992,4 +1165,4 @@ size_t RadioInterface::beginSending(meshtastic_MeshPacket *p)

    sendingPacket = p;
    return p->encrypted.size + sizeof(PacketHeader);
-}
+}
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ class RadioInterface
     * Coerce LoRa config fields (bandwidth/spread_factor) derived from presets.
     * This is used during early bootstrapping so UIs that display these fields directly remain consistent.
     */
-    static void bootstrapLoRaConfigFromPreset(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig &loraConfig);
+    // static void bootstrapLoRaConfigFromPreset(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig &loraConfig); // maybe superseded?

    /**
     * Return true if we think the board can go to sleep (i.e. our tx queue is empty, we are not sending or receiving)
@@ -234,6 +234,20 @@ class RadioInterface
    // Whether we use the default frequency slot given our LoRa config (region and modem preset)
    static bool uses_default_frequency_slot;

+    // Whether we have a custom channel name
+    static bool uses_custom_channel_name;
+
+    static bool checkOrClampConfigLora(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig &loraConfig, bool clamp);
+
+    // Check if a candidate region is compatible and valid.
+    static bool validateConfigRegion(const meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig &loraConfig);
+
+    // Check if a candidate radio configuration is valid.
+    static bool validateConfigLora(const meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig &loraConfig);
+
+    // Make a candidate radio configuration valid, even if it isn't.
+    static void clampConfigLora(meshtastic_Config_LoRaConfig &loraConfig);
+
  protected:
    int8_t power = 17; // Set by applyModemConfig()

@@ -253,6 +253,11 @@ template <typename T> bool SX126xInterface<T>::reconfigure()
        LOG_ERROR("SX126X setOutputPower %s%d", radioLibErr, err);
    assert(err == RADIOLIB_ERR_NONE);

+    // Apply RX gain mode — valid in STDBY (datasheet §9.6), matches resetAGC() pattern
+    err = lora.setRxBoostedGainMode(config.lora.sx126x_rx_boosted_gain);
+    if (err != RADIOLIB_ERR_NONE)
+        LOG_WARN("SX126X setRxBoostedGainMode %s%d", radioLibErr, err);
+
    startReceive(); // restart receiving

    return RADIOLIB_ERR_NONE;
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ void StreamAPI::emitRebooted()
    fromRadioScratch.rebooted = true;

    // LOG_DEBUG("Emitting reboot packet for serial shell");
-    emitTxBuffer(pb_encode_to_bytes(txBuf + HEADER_LEN, meshtastic_FromRadio_size, &meshtastic_FromRadio_msg, &fromRadioScratch));
+    emitTxBuffer(pb_encode_to_bytes(txBuf + HEADER_LEN, MAX_TO_FROM_RADIO_SIZE, &meshtastic_FromRadio_msg, &fromRadioScratch));
 }

 void StreamAPI::emitLogRecord(meshtastic_LogRecord_Level level, const char *src, const char *format, va_list arg)
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ void StreamAPI::emitLogRecord(meshtastic_LogRecord_Level level, const char *src,
    if (num_printed > 0 && fromRadioScratch.log_record.message[num_printed - 1] ==
                               '\n') // Strip any ending newline, because we have records for framing instead.
        fromRadioScratch.log_record.message[num_printed - 1] = '\0';
-    emitTxBuffer(pb_encode_to_bytes(txBuf + HEADER_LEN, meshtastic_FromRadio_size, &meshtastic_FromRadio_msg, &fromRadioScratch));
+    emitTxBuffer(pb_encode_to_bytes(txBuf + HEADER_LEN, MAX_TO_FROM_RADIO_SIZE, &meshtastic_FromRadio_msg, &fromRadioScratch));
 }

 /// Hookable to find out when connection changes
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More